Read Life's Ratchet: How Molecular Machines Extract Order from Chaos Online
Authors: Peter M. Hoffmann
De fabrica
(Vesalius),
19
Feedback loops
self-activating,
237
Fernel, Jean François,
27
Feynman’s ratchet,
138–141
Fibers,
154
Filaments,
154
Financial crisis of 2008, cooperativity and,
121
Fire,
29–30
First law of thermodynamics,
73
Flagella, self-assembly of,
110
Flemming, Walther,
61
Fludd, Robert,
20
Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy
Fluorescence-based single-molecular techniques,
175–176
Fluorescent markers, for motor proteins,
175–176
Focused-ion beams,
100
Fokker-Planck equation,
163
Food, conversion into ATP energy,
192–194
Force,
10
entropic,
106–110
generated by hydrolysis of ATP,
172
molecular motion and,
163
See also
Life force; Vital forces
Frame-shift mutation,
217
Frankenstein
(Shelley),
34–35
Franklin, Benjamin,
28
Free energy,
80–83
molecular machines and,
157–159
molecular storm and,
83–85
motion of kinesin-1 and,
179–180
reset step and,
157–158
self-assembly of molecules and,
101
FRET,
175
G proteins,
220
Galton, Francis,
55–56
Gambling,
47–53
Games, interplay of necessity and chance in,
66
Gamow, George,
130
Gassendi, Pierre,
20–21
Gauss, Carl Friedrich,
54
Gavin, Sean,
241
Gedankenexperiment,
127–128
Gene,
202
Schrödinger and,
64–65
Genetic code,
202
Gerber, Christoph,
94–95
Gibbs, Josiah Willard,
68
Gluons,
241
God
Chardin and,
58
La Mettrie and,
25–26
materialist philosophy and,
20–21
randomness and,
46–47
reason and,
15
soul and,
16
Goldberg, Gregory,
209–210
Goldberg’s law of physics,
209
Gradients, machines and,
127
Graininess of matter,
98
Graunt, John,
53
Gravitational potential energy,
134–135
Gravity,
84–85
Greek philosophy, life force and,
12–17
Grimble, Ralph,
96
GTP,
206
Hänggi, Peter,
144–145
Heart
function of,
19–20
heat and,
26–27
Heat
generation of animal,
26–30
life and,
17
as motion,
37
Heinlein, Robert,
94
biophysics and,
90
energy from food,
193
evolution and,
44
Helmont, Jan Baptist van,
27
Hexagonal close-packing,
103
Hippocrates,
17
Hoerber, Heinrich,
3
Hohenheim, Phillippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von,
18
L’homme machine,
22–26
Human body
efficiency of,
136
as machine,
19–22
physical nature of,
24–26
transformation of energy by,
10–11
Human Genome Project,
224
Huxley, Andrew,
187
Hydrogen bonds
in water,
110–111
Ideal gas law,
65
Information, meaning
vs.,
222–223
Inhibition of enzymes,
151–154
Inhibitory binding,
231–232
Instability, creation of snowflake and,
102
Interfaces, in nanoscale,
98–99
Irreducibility argument,
221–222