Margaret Thatcher: Power and Personality (100 page)
Read Margaret Thatcher: Power and Personality Online
Authors: Jonathan Aitken
THE AITKEN COLLECTION OF PERSONAL PAPERS, RECOLLECTIONS AND INTERVIEWS
This is the author’s personal collection of diary entries, journal notes, records of conversations, meeting notes and personal recollections. Many of these have been donated to the Churchill Archive Centre, Churchill College, Cambridge. Others, still in the author’s possession, will go here in due course.
The interviews tape-recorded for this book will also be donated to the Churchill Archives Centre.
UNIVERSITIES AND LIBRARIES
Margaret Thatcher Foundation:
www.margaretthatcher.org
Churchill Archives Centre, Cambridge: The Thatcher Papers; British Diplomatic Oral History Programme; Papers of Lord Hailsham; Papers of Sir Alan Walters
Templeman Library, University of Kent, Canterbury: Bernard Weatherill Papers
British Library
British Library Newspaper Library
UNPUBLISHED MANUSCRIPTS
Aitken, Jonathan, personal diary
Hart, David, personal diary
Huntingtower Road Council School
Log Book
PRIMARY SOURCES
Falkland Islands Review
: Report of a Committee of Privy Counsellors, Chairman: The Rt. Hon the Lord Franks, OM, GCMG, KCB, CBE. Presented to Parliament by the Prime Minister by Command of Her Majesty, January 1983, London
Parliamentary Debates
(Hansard),
House of Commons
, 1940–1990
Parliamentary Debates
(Hansard),
House of Lords
, Official Report, Death of a Member: Baroness Thatcher:
Tributes
, 10 April 2013
Who’s Who
, A.C. Black, 2013
INTERVIEWS
Sir Antony Acland; Lord Armstrong of Ilminster; Lord Baker of Dorking; Lord Bell of Belgravia; Sir Clive Bossom; Sheira, Lady Brinckman; Lord Brittan of Spennithorne; Sir Nigel Broomfield; Lord Brownlow; Lord Burns of Hetton-le-Hole; Lord Butler of Brockwell; Lord Carrington; Sir Bryan Cartledge; Professor John Casey; Mr. Bill Cash; Major-General Peter Currie; Mr. Eric Deakins; Lord Donoughue of Ashton; Sir Edward du Cann; Mr. Alan Duncan; Sir Richard Evans; Lord Garel-Jones of Watford; Sir Anthony Garner; Mr. Mikhail Gorbachev; The Rev Canon Dr. Donald Gray; Sir Ronald Grierson; Lord Griffiths of Fforestfach; Dr. Keith Hampson; Professor Pauline Harrison; Mrs John Henderson; Mrs. Diana Honeybone; Mr. Michael Honeybone; Sir John Hoskyns; Sir Gerald Howarth; Baroness Howe of Idlicote; Lord Howell of Guildford; Mrs. Tony Hunter-Tilney; Sir Bernard Ingham; Lord Jenkin of Roding; Lord King of Bridgwater; Dr. Henry Kissinger; Mr. Malcolm Knapp; Dame Jill Knight; Mr. Denis Lambley; Lord Lamont of Lerwick; Mrs. Betty Langan; Lord Lawson of Blaby; Sir John Major; Mr. William Mullins; Sir John Nott; Hazel O’Leary; Mr. Derek Owens; Mr. Pavel Palazchenko; Mr. Michael Palmer; Lord Parkinson of Carnforth; Lady Pearson of Rannoch; Lord Pearson of Rannoch; Major- General Jeremy Phipps; Mrs. J. Enoch Powell; Lord Powell of Bayswater; Lord Ryder of Wensum; Lord Sacks of Aldgate; Mr. Wafic Saïd; Lord St. John of Fawsley; Sir Michael Scholar; Professor Roger Scruton; Sir Richard Shepherd; Sir Stephen Sherbourne; Mr. Julian Seymour; Sir Kenneth Stowe; Lord Tanlaw; Sir Teddy Taylor; Lord Tebbit of Chingford; Sir Mark Thatcher; Lord Thomas of Swynnerton; Lord Turnbull of Enfield; Dame Jane Whiteley; The Rev Dick Whittington; Lord Wilson of Tillyorn; Mr. Mark Worthington; Lord Young of Graffham; and others who preferred to remain anonymous.
NEWSPAPERS AND MAGAZINES
Daily Express
,
Daily Mail
,
Daily Mirror
,
Daily Telegraph
,
Dartford Chronicle
,
Erith Observer & Kentish Times
,
Evening News
,
Evening Post
,
Evening Standard
,
Finchley Press
,
Grantham Journal
,
Guardian
,
Gravesend and Dartford Reporter
,
Independent
,
Kommersant Vlast
(Moscow),
Observer
,
Sleaford Gazette
,
Sunday Express
,
Sunday Graphic
,
Sunday People
,
Sunday Pictorial
,
Sunday Telegraph
,
Sunday Times
,
The Economist
,
The Spectator
,
The Tablet
,
The Times, Vanity Fair
BROADCAST SOURCES
The Woman at Number Ten
, De Wolfe Productions, 1983
Woman to Woman
, Yorkshire Television, 1985
Thatcher: The Downing Street Years
, BBC, 1993
Maggie: The First Lady
, Brook Lapping, 2003
A Parliamentary Coup
, BBC Parliament, 4 May 2009
ABBREVIATIONS
AC: | The Aitken Collection of Personal Papers, Recollections and Interviews |
CAC: | Churchill Archives Centre, Cambridge |
DOHP: | British Diplomatic Oral History Programme |
KGGS: | Kesteven and Grantham Girls’ School |
MTF: | Margaret Thatcher Foundation |
OUCA: | Oxford University Conservative Association |
THCR: | The Thatcher Papers |
TNA: | The National Archives, Kew |
1 THE EARLY YEARS
1
Gail Sheehy, ‘The Blooming of Margaret Thatcher’,
Vanity Fair
, June 1989.
2
Ibid.
3
Woman to Woman
, Interview by Miriam Stoppard, Yorkshire Television, 19 November 1985.
4
AC: Interview with Malcolm Knapp.
5
Margaret Thatcher,
The Path to Power
, HarperCollins, 1995, p. 4.
6
Ibid., p. 5.
7
AC: Conversation with Ted Heath, 1973.
8
Grantham Journal
, 6 July 1945.
9
Daily Mail
, 26 February 1975.
10
AC: Interview with Betty Langan (née Morley).
11
Grantham Journal
, 17 October 1925.
12
Hugo Young and Anne Sloman,
The Thatcher Phenomenon
, BBC, 1986, p. 16.
13
Charles Moore,
Margaret Thatcher: The Authorized Biography,
Volume One: Not for Turning,
Allen Lane, 2013, p. 9.
14
Margaret Thatcher,
Talking Politics
(BBC Radio 4), 31 August 1974.
www.bbc.co.uk/archive/thatcher
.
15
Daily Express
, 17 April 1961.
16
Sheehy,
Vanity Fair
, June 1989.
17
AC: Interview with Betty Langan.
18
Tricia Murray,
Margaret Thatcher
, W.H. Allen, 1979, p. 17.
19
Woman to Woman
, 19 November 1985.
20
Thatcher,
The Path to Power
, p. 15.
21
Ernle Money,
Margaret Thatcher
, Leslie Frewin, 1975, p. 38.
22
AC: Interview with Betty Langan.
23
Woman to Woman
, 19 November 1985.
24
Ibid.
25
Thatcher,
The Path to Power
, p. 12.
26
Ibid., p. 11.
27
Murray,
Margaret Thatcher
, p. 25.
28
Ibid.
29
Thatcher,
The Path to Power
, p. 10.
30
Joan Bridgman, ‘At School with Margaret Thatcher’,
Contemporary Review
, September 2004.
31
Ibid.
32
Hansard, HC Deb 19 April 1983.
33
Daily Mirror
, 26 February 1975.
34
MTF: Margaret Thatcher to Gerald Tuppin, 7 July 1980.
35
Huntingtower Road Council School,
Log Book
, p. 225.
36
Ibid., p. 229.
37
George Gardiner,
Margaret Thatcher
, William Kimber, 1975, p. 23.
38
MTF: Remarks on becoming Prime Minister, 4 May 1979.
39
Thatcher,
The Path to Power
, p. 6.
40
Ibid.
41
John Campbell,
Margaret Thatcher, Volume One: The Grocer’s Daughter
, Vintage Books, 2007, p. 33.
42
Murray,
Margaret Thatcher
, p. 17.
43
AC: Interview with Denhys Lambley.
44
Thatcher,
The Path to Power
, p. 5.
45
CAC: The Thatcher Papers, THCR 1/9/8, Sermon notes prepared by Alfred Roberts, 1 January 1941.
46
Ibid.
47
AC: Interview with Denhys Lambley.
48
Thatcher,
The Path to Power
, p. 6.
49
AC: Conversation with Margaret Thatcher, 1976.
50
Daily Mail
, 13 February 1975.
51
Interview with Lady Thatcher, cited in Moore,
Margaret Thatcher, Vol. 1
, p. 17.
52
Thatcher,
The Path to Power
, p. 6.
53
Evening Standard
, 15 April 1983.
2 THE WAR, GRAMMAR SCHOOL AND FIGHTING HER HEADMISTRESS
1
Thatcher,
The Path to Power
, p. 26.
2
Interview with Lady Thatcher, cited in Moore,
Margaret Thatcher, Vol. 1
, p. 20.
3
Edith Mühlbauer’s story,
Sunday Times
, 28 May 1998.
4
AC: Conversation with Margaret Thatcher at the unveiling of the statue of Air Marshal Sir Arthur Harris, May 1992.
5
Grantham Journal
, 16 July 1945.
6
Moore,
Margaret Thatcher, Vol. 1
, p. xv.
7
Moore,
Margaret Thatcher, Vol. 1
, pp. 22–28.
8
Thatcher,
The Path to Power
, p. 31.
9
AC: Interview with Betty Langan.
10
Campbell,
Margaret Thatcher, Volume Two: The Iron Lady
, Vintage Books, 2008, p. 372.
11
Young and Slowman,
The Thatcher Phenomenon
, p. 14.
12
Sheehy,
Vanity Fair
, June 1989.
13
CAC: THCR 1/9/8, Alfred Roberts notebooks.
14
Thatcher,
The Path to Power
, p. 19.
15
Ibid., p. 8.
16
Penny Junor,
Margaret Thatcher
:
Wife, Mother, Politician
, Sidgwick & Jackson, 1983, p. 10.
17
AC: Interview with Betty Langan.
18
Daily Mirror
, 26 February 1975.
19
Kesteven and Grantham Girls’ School and Amy C. Old,
The History of KGGS
, KGGS, 1987, p. 7.
20
The Gospel of St Matthew
, Chapter 7, verse 9.
21
AC: Conversation with Lady Thatcher, Lamberhurst Church, Kent, January 1979.
22
AC: Interview with Catherine Henderson (née Barford).
23
KGGS and Old,
The History of KGGS
, p. 18.
24
Daily Mirror
, 26 February 1975.
25
Russell Lewis,
Margaret Thatcher
:
A Personal and Political Biography
, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1975 , p. 12.
26
AC: Interview with Malcolm Knapp.
27
MTF: School days in Grantham, 1942.
28
Campbell,
The Grocer’s Daughter
, pp. 42–43.
29
Young and Sloman,
The Thatcher Phenomenon
, p. 14.
30
AC: Interview with Betty Langan.
31
Thatcher,
The Path to Power
, p. 34.
32
Ibid.
33
Campbell,
The Grocer’s Daughter
, p. 43.
34
‘Margaret Thatcher: A Tribute, Return to Grantham’,
Grantham Journal
, 8 April 2013. Accessed online
www.granthamjournal.co.uk
3 OXFORD, BOYFRIENDS AND POLITICAL AMBITION
1
Thatcher,
The Path to Power
, p. 35.
2
Margaret Wickstead (née Goodrich) interviewed on
Maggie: The First Lady
, Brook Lapping, 2003.
3
AC: Interview with Pauline Harrison (née Cowan).
4
Murray,
Margaret Thatcher
, p. 41.
5
Thatcher,
The Path to Power
, p. 37.
6
Nicholas Wapshott and George Brock,
Thatcher
, Macdonald, 1983, p. 49.
7
Campbell,
The Grocer’s Daughter
, p. 62.
8
Ibid.
9
Ibid.
10
Campbell,
The Grocer’s Daughter
, p. 47.
11
The Gospel of St Matthew, Chapter 6, verse 33.
12
Campbell,
The Grocer’s Daughter
, p. 48.
13
Interview with Betty Robbins (née Spice), cited in Moore,
Margaret Thatcher, Vol. 1
, p. 43.
14
AC: Interview with Pauline Harrison.
15
Junor,
Margaret Thatcher
, p. 20.
16
AC: Interview with Lord Tanlaw.
17
Margaret to Muriel, September 1944, cited in Moore,
Margaret Thatcher, Vol. 1
, p. 41.
18
Margaret to Muriel, 25 March 1945, ibid., pp. 62–63.
19
Ibid., p. 62.
20
AC: Interview with Pauline Harrison.
21
Nina Bawden:
In My Time
, Virago, 1995, p. 76.
22
Thatcher,
The Path to Power
, p. 33.
23
Campbell,
The Grocer’s Daughter
, p. 62.
24
Grantham Journal
, 6 July 1945.
25
Sleaford Gazette,
29 June 1945.
26
MTF: OUCA Policy Sub-Committee Report, 1 December 1945.
27
AC: Conversation with Mrs Stella Gatehouse.
28
AC: Author in conversation with Margaret Thatcher in 1977.
29
Daily Express
, 17 April 1961.
30
Sheehy,
Vanity Fair
, June 1989.
31
Campbell,
The Grocer’s Daughter
, p. 65.
32
AC: Interview with Sir Stephen Sherbourne.
4 FIRST STEPS IN POLITICS
1
Thatcher,
The Path to Power
, p. 61.
2
Junor,
Margaret Thatcher
, p. 28.
3
Money,
Margaret Thatcher
, p. 45.
4
Wapshott and Brock,
Thatcher
, pp. 51–52.
5
AC: Conversation with Lady Thatcher and Sir Clive Bossom at dinner in the author’s home, 20 April 2009.
6
AC: Interview with Sir Clive Bossom.
7
Ibid.
8
Ibid.
9
Thatcher,
The Path to Power
, p. 63.
10
Ibid.
11
Ibid., p. 62.
12
Ibid., p. 63.
13
Carol Thatcher,
Below the Parapet: The Biography of Denis Thatche
r, Harper- Collins, 1996, p. 58.
14
Campbell,
The Grocer’s Daughter
, p. 72.
15
Ibid., p. 73.
16
Erith Observer & Kentish Times
, 4 March 1949.
17
Ibid.
18
Carol Thatcher,
Below the Parapet
, p. 58.
19
Interview with Sir Denis Thatcher, cited in Moore,
Margaret Thatcher, Vol. 1
, p. 82.
20
Margaret to Muriel, 17 March, 1949, Ibid., p. 81.
21
Carol Thatcher,
Below the Parapet
, p. 59.
22
Margaret to Muriel, 23 March 1949, cited in Moore,
Margaret Thatcher, Vol. 1
, p. 89.
23
Margaret to Muriel, 21 July 1949, ibid., p. 91.
24
Margaret to Muriel, October 1950 (undated), ibid., p. 106.
25
Carol Thatcher,
Below the Parapet
, p. 61.
26
Dartford Chronicle
, 10 February 1950.
27
Carol Thatcher,
Below the Parapet
, p. 61.
28
Daily Mail
, 28 June 1949.
29
Sunday People
, 12 February 1950.
30
Gravesend and Dartford Reporter
, 28 January 1950.
31
Ibid.
32
Murray,
Margaret Thatcher
, p. 47.
33
Campbell,
The Grocer’s Daughter
, p. 83.
34
MTF:
Evening Post
, 17 January 1950.
35
Thatcher,
The Path to Power
, p. 68.
36
AC: Interview with Sir Edward du Cann.
37
Thatcher,
The Path to Power
, p. 75.
38
AC: Interview with Sir Clive Bossom.
39
Margaret to Muriel, March 1950 (undated), cited in Moore,
Margaret Thatcher, Vol. 1
, p. 100.
40
Margaret to Muriel, May 1950 (undated), ibid.
,
p. 101.
41
Margaret to Muriel, 28 May 1951, ibid., p. 105.
42
Alfred Roberts to Muriel, 25 September 1951, ibid., p. 105.
43
Carol Thatcher
, Below the Parapet
, p. 63.
44
Ibid., p. 51.
45
Alfred Roberts to Muriel, 25 September 1951, cited in Moore,
Margaret Thatcher, Vol. 1
, p. 105.
46
Carol Thatcher,
Below the Parapet,
p. 64.
47
MTF: Beryl Cook to Conservative Central Office, Report on Miss M. Roberts, 19 November 1951.
