Margaret Thatcher: The Authorized Biography (149 page)

1
.
Speech to Conservative Party conference, Blackpool, 12 Oct. 1979 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104147
).
2
.
Interview with Sir Michael Rose.
3
.
For a full account of the sequence of events, see Miranda Carter,
Anthony Blunt: His Lives
, Macmillan, 2001, chapter 18.
4
.
Christopher Andrew,
The Defence of the Realm:
The Authorized History of MI5
, Allen Lane, 2009, p. 438.
5
.
Interview with Lord Armstrong of Ilminster.
6
.
Ibid.
7
.
Interview with Lady Thatcher.
8
.
Interview with Lord Rees-Mogg.
9
.
Hansard, HC Deb 21 Nov. 1979 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104175
).
10
.
Carter,
Anthony Blunt
, p. 473.
11
.
Hansard, HC Deb 21 Nov. 1979 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104175
).
12
.
Letter to Bryan Cartledge, 23 Sept. 1979.
13
.
Hunt to PM, 4 May 1979, The National Archives (TNA): Public Record Office (PRO) PREM 19/53.
14
.
Note on Carrington to PM, 8 June 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/53.
15
.
Extract of record of meeting between Jenkins and Thatcher, 22 Oct. 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/54.
16
.
Ingham to Saunders, 26 Nov. 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/52.
17
.
Interview in
Now!
, 30 Sept. 1979 (Christopher Collins, ed.,
Complete Public Statements of Margaret Thatcher 1945–90 on CD-ROM
, Oxford University Press, 1998/2000).
18
.
Winston Churchill Memorial Lecture, Luxembourg, 18 Oct. 1979 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104149
).
19
.
Ibid.
20
.
Interview with Television-radio Luxembourg, 19 Oct. 1979 (Collins, ed.,
Complete Public Statements
).
21
.
Interview with Sir Michael Jenkins.
22
.
Ibid.
23
.
Ibid.
24
.
Interview with Sir Michael Palliser.
25
.
Ibid.
26
.
Interview with Sir Bernard Ingham.
27
.
Lankester note of Howe and PM meeting, 22 Nov. 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/171.
28
.
See Michael Butler,
Europe: More than a Continent
, Heinemann, 1986, pp. 92–3.
29
.
Joint press conference with West German Chancellor, Bonn, 31 Oct. 1979 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104159
).
30
.
Joint press conference with Valéry Giscard d’Estaing, London, 20 Nov. 1979 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104174
).
31
.
Note on Maitland to Carrington, 31 Oct. 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/55.
32
.
Interview with Sir Michael Butler.
33
.
Record of discussion between Thatcher and Schmidt, 31 Oct. 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/55.
34
.
Howe to PM, 21 Nov. 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/55.
35
.
Soames to PM, 28 Nov. 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/52.
36
.
Record of meeting between Thatcher and Jenkins, 26 Nov. 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/55.
37
.
Roy Jenkins,
A
Life at the Centre
, Macmillan, 1993, p. 498.
38
.
Interview with Valéry Giscard d’Estaing.
39
.
Interview with Lord Carrington.
40
.
Interview with Valéry Giscard d’Estaing.
41
.
MS note, Nov. 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/52.
42
.
Margaret Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, HarperCollins, 1993, p. 81.
43
.
Hansard, HC Deb 3 Dec. 1979 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104183
).
44
.
Press conference at end of Dublin Summit, 30 Nov. 1979 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104180
).
45
.
Interview with Sir Michael Butler.
46
.
Interview with Lord Carrington.
47
.
Armstrong to PM, 7 Dec. 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/222.
48
.
Note on draft statement, 14 Feb. 1980, TNA: PRO PREM 19/223.
49
.
Interview with Valéry Giscard d’Estaing.
50
.
Ibid.
51
.
Warner to Gilmour, 17 Apr. 1980, TNA: PRO PREM 19/225.
52
.
Record of telephone conversation between Giscard d’Estaing and Thatcher, 24 April 1980, TNA: PRO PREM 19/225.
53
.
Cabinet conclusions, 24 Apr. 1980, TNA: PRO CAB 128/67/17.
54
.
Carrington to PM, 1 May 1980, TNA: PRO PREM 19/226.
55
.
Interview with Sir Clive Whitmore.
56
.
Carrington to PM telegram, 30 May 1980, TNA: PRO PREM 19/226.
57
.
Hibbert to FCO telegram, 30 May 1980, TNA: PRO PREM 19/226.
58
.
Interview with Lord Carrington.
59
.
Cabinet conclusions, 2 June 1980, TNA: PRO CAB 128/67/21.
60
.
Sir Robert Armstrong, Cabinet Secretary’s notebooks, 2 June 1980.
61
.
Armstrong to PM, 9 July 1980, TNA: PRO PREM 19/227.
62
.
Note on Wiggins to Alexander, 15 July 1980, TNA: PRO PREM 19/227.
63
.
Howe to PM, 12 Sept. 1980, TNA: PRO PREM 19/227.
64
.
Nott to PM, 10 Oct. 1980, Prime Minister’s Papers: European Policy: Future Policy towards the EEC, Community Budget (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
65
.
Brzezinski to President, ‘Visit by Mrs. Thatcher’, 31 July 1979, ‘8/2/79’, Box 141, Files of the Staff Secretary, Carter Library, Atlanta GA.
66
.
‘Changing power relations among OECD states’, CIA: National Foreign Assessment Center, 22 Oct. 1979, RAC NLC-7-16-10-14-1, Carter Library.
67
.
Interview with Jim Rentschler.
68
.
Vance to Carter, ‘Visit of U.K. Prime Minister Thatcher’, 8 Dec. 1979, released by the US State Department under FOIA Case #200502415.
69
.
Alexander to Lever, ‘Prime Minister’s Visit to the USA’, 24 Oct. 1979, TNA: PRO FCO 82/989.
70
.
Nicholas Henderson,
Mandarin: The Diaries of an Ambassador 1969–1982
, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1994, p. 316.
71
.
Speech at White House arrival ceremony, 17 Dec. 1979 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104194
).
72
.
Alexander to Walden, ‘Prime Minister’s Visit to the United States’, 19 Dec. 1979, TNA: PRO FCO 82/991.
73
.
Remarks after meeting President Carter (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104195
).
74
.
Daily Telegraph
, 18 Dec. 1979.
75
.
Interview with Zbigniew Brzezinski.
76
.
SCC Meeting Minutes, 18 Dec. 1979, NLC-25-98-20-4-1, Carter Library.
77
.
New York Times
, 18 Dec. 1979.
78
.
Henderson,
Mandarin
, p. 320.
79
.
Speech to the Foreign Policy Association, 18 Dec. 1979 (
http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/104199
).
80
.
Sir Brian Urquhart,
A Life in Peace and War
, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1987, p. 307.
81
.
Interview with Jim Rentschler.
82
.
Interview with Lord Renwick.
83
.
Interview with Sir Michael Alexander, 25 Nov. 1998, British Diplomatic Oral History Programme, Churchill College, Cambridge.
84
.
141435z Sept 79, ‘Lancaster House Conference’, 14 Sept. 1979, released by the US State Department under FOIA Case #200502415.
85
.
Interview with John Carbaugh.
86
.
Ibid.
87
.
Cyrus Vance,
Hard Choices: Critical Years in America’s Foreign Policy
, Simon & Schuster, 1983, p. 300.
88
.
Interview with John Carbaugh.
89
.
Interview with Lord Carrington.
90
.
Interview with Charles de Chassiron.
91
.
Interview with Lord Owen.
92
.
Interview with Sir Clive Whitmore.
93
.
Denis Healey, Mansion House speech, 19 Oct. 1978, reported in
The Times
, 20 Oct. 1978.
94
.
Interview with Sir Peter Middleton.
95
.
Ibid.
96
.
The
Times
, 14 Sept. 1978.
97
.
Interview with Lord Howe of Aberavon.
98
.
Interview with Lord Burns.
99
.
See Nigel Lawson,
The View from No. 11
, Bantam, 1992, p. 67.
100
.
Geoffrey Howe,
Conflict of Loyalty
, Macmillan, 1994, p. 171.
101
.
Howe to PM, 29 Feb. 1980, TNA: PRO PREM 19/176.
102
.
Sir Robert Armstrong, Cabinet Secretary’s notebooks, 13 Mar. 1980.
103
.
Lankester to PM, 2 Nov. 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/171.
104
.
Armstrong to PM, 6 Dec. 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/164.
105
.
Ibid.
106
.
Armstrong to PM, 4 Mar. 1980, TNA: PRO PREM 19/166.
107
.
Whitmore to Armstrong, 11 June 1980, TNA: PRO PREM 19/166.
108
.
Hoskyns to PM, 12 Mar. 1980, TNA: PRO PREM 19/166.
109
.
Lawson,
The View from No. 11
, p. 50.
110
.
Howe to PM, 29 Feb. 1980, TNA: PRO PREM 19/165.
111
.
Ibid.
112
.
Hague paper, 6 June 1980, TNA: PRO PREM 19/166.
113
.
Prior to PM, 14 May 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/70.
114
.
Prior, ‘The Approach to Industrial Relations’, Paper for E Committee, 15 June 1979, Prime Minister’s Papers, Industrial Policy: Industrial Relations Legislation (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
115
.
Interview with Lord Gowrie.
116
.
Hoskyns to PM, 28 Jan. 1980, TNA: PRO PREM 19/261.
117
.
Prior to PM, 1 Feb. 1980, TNA: PRO PREM 19/261.
118
.
The World This Weekend
(BBC Radio 4), 3 Feb. 1980.
119
.
Howe to PM, 4 Feb. 1980, TNA: PRO PREM 19/262. Denis Healey said (Hansard, HC Deb 14 June 1978) that being attacked by Geoffrey Howe was like being ‘savaged by a dead sheep’.
120
.
Interview with Lord Laing of Dunphail.
121
.
Laing to PM, 6 Feb. 1980, TNA: PRO PREM 19/262.
122
.
Interview with Lord Laing of Dunphail.
123
.
PM to Laing, 11 Feb. 1980, TNA: PRO PREM 19/262.
124
.
Minutes of E Committee, 13 Feb. 1980, Prime Minister’s Papers, Industrial Policy: Industrial Relations Legislation (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
125
.
Ingham digest, 11 Mar. 1980, The Thatcher Papers, Churchill College, Cambridge, THCR 3/5/1.
126
.
Interview with Lord Prior.
127
.
Ibid.
128
.
This and all quotations in this and the following paragraphs from summary of telephone conversations, 17 Feb. 1980, TNA: PRO PREM 19/263.
129
.
Panorama
(BBC1), 25 Feb. 1980 (Collins, ed.,
Complete Public Statements
).
130
.
Interview in
Daily Mail
, conducted 1 May 1980; published 3 May 1980 (Collins, ed.,
Complete Public Statements
).
131
.
Interview with Sir Michael Edwardes.
132
.
Interview with Sir Robin Ibbs.
133
.
Hoskyns to PM, 18 Sept. 1979, THCR 1/15/2.
134
.
Note, 26 Oct. 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/71.
135
.
Hoskyns to Joseph, 15 Nov. 1979, TNA: PRO PREM 19/71.
136
.
Hoskyns, briefing for PM, 20 May 1980, THCR 1/15/2.
137
.
Interview with Sir Michael Edwardes.
138
.
See Michael Edwardes,
Back from the Brink
, William Collins, 1983, p. 227.
139
.
This and subsequent quotation from Lankester to Ellison, 22 May 1980, Prime Minister’s Papers, Industrial Policy: The Future of British Leyland (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
140
.
Interview with Sir Michael Edwardes.
141
.
Ibid.
142
.
Joseph to E Committee, 15 Dec. 1980, Prime Minister’s Papers, Industrial Policy: The Future of British Leyland (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).
143
.
Joseph to PM, 10 Dec. 1980, Prime Minister’s Papers, Industrial Policy: The Future of British Leyland (document consulted in the Cabinet Office).