Melville in Love (27 page)

   
8.
SAM to George Duyckinck, October 27, [1851] (NYPL), and
HPBio,
2:46. For information about Rev. Entler, see his obituary in the
Congregational Year-Book
of 1887.

   
9.
Evert Duyckinck to Margaret Duyckinck, August 13, 1851 (Mansfield, “Glimpses of Herman Melville's Life in Pittsfield,” 44–45).

 
10.
Holmes,
Elsie Venner,
193.

CHAPTER 15

   
1.
Thoreau,
A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers,
153.

   
2.
Melville in His Own Time,
64; Smith,
Taghconic,
155.

   
3.
Smith,
Taghconic,
152.

   
4.
Ibid., 154.

   
5.
Ibid., 156.

   
6.
“The Candles,” chapter 119,
Moby-Dick
.

   
7.
For the use of the “motto” in
Moby-Dick,
see “The Forge,” chapter 113.

   
8.
Smith,
Taghconic,
156. SAM to George Duyckinck, October 27, [1851] (NYPL).

   
9.
HPBio,
2:534, and SAM to George Duyckinck, [December 24, 1851] (NYPL).

 
10.
George Duyckinck to SAM, August 18, 1851 (BA); SAM to George Duyckinck, [December 22?, 1851], and August 24, [1853?] (NYPL).

 
11.
Holmes,
Elsie Venner,
293, 311.

 
12.
Obituary Notice of the Late George L. Duyckinck,
17.

 
13.
SAM to George Duyckinck, September 14, [1851] (NYPL).

 
14.
SAM to George Duyckinck, December 28, 1851 (NYPL). For Evert's remark about “a collection of minerals,” see “Marks and Remarks,”
Literary World,
December 27, 1851 (508).

 
15.
SAM to George Duyckinck, [December ?, 1851] (NYPL).

CHAPTER 16

   
1.
SAM to George Duyckinck, [October 8, 1851] (NYPL).

   
2.
Smith,
Taghconic,
42.

   
3.
In his
Melville's Prisoners
(132–83), the excellent scholar Harrison Hayford demonstrated conclusively why the various theories of Melville's “secret” sister won't stand up to scrutiny. For Hawthorne's attack on the Shaker men, see Hawthorne,
The American Notebooks,
465.

   
4.
Pierre,
Book VIII.

   
5.
Ibid.
,
Books XXII and XXI.

   
6.
Ibid., Book V.

   
7.
Ibid., Book VIII. See Murray's “Introduction” to the 1949 Hendricks House edition of
Pierre
(liii).

   
8.
Pierre,
Books XII and II.

   
9.
Ibid., Book VIII.

 
10.
Ibid., Book XXIII.

CHAPTER 17

   
1.
HM to Nathaniel Hawthorne, November [17?,] 1851 (
HMC,
212).

   
2.
Ibid. (213).

   
3.
HM to Sophia Van Matre, December 10, 1863 (
HMC,
387).

   
4.
Mellow,
Nathaniel Hawthorne in His Times,
376.

   
5.
HMCR,
384, 415, 387, 397.

   
6.
Ibid., 412, 378, 382, 380.

   
7.
Ibid., 384–86.

   
8.
Mellow,
Nathaniel Hawthorne in His Times,
382.

   
9.
Obituary Notice of the Late George L. Duyckinck,
9.

 
10.
Richard Bentley to HM, May 5, 1852 (
HMC,
620), and HM to Richard Bentley, July 20, 1849 (
HMC,
133).

 
11.
HMCR,
410.

 
12.
Pierre,
Book XXV.

CHAPTER 18

   
1.
Lawrence,
Selected Literary Criticism,
374.

   
2.
For details of Stanwix's birth record, see
ML,
430, and Hayford,
Melville's Prisoners,
78–79. Hayford's book includes a helpful letter from the Pittsfield city clerk.

   
3.
Lawrence,
Selected Literary Criticism,
374. Maria's complaint against HM is quoted in
HMC,
784.

   
4.
Maria Gansevoort Melville to Augusta Melville, December 29–30, 1851 (NYPL).

   
5.
HM to SAM, September [12 or 19?,] 1851 (
HMC,
205–6). For the phrase “voucher of paradise,” see HM's poem “The Devotion of the Flowers to Their Lady.”

   
6.
SAM to George Duyckinck, [January ?, 1852] (NYPL).

   
7.
Maria Gansevoort Melville to Augusta Melville, December 29–30, 1851 (NYPL). In
HPBio,
2:50, this passage in Maria's letter ends with her remark to SAM “that her conversation affected her.” But, in fact, there is a
dash after “her,” and the sentence continues at the top of the letter's first page, so that it reads “her conversation affected her Husband very painfully & I wished her to change the subject.”

   
8.
SAM to George Duyckinck, [December 28, 1851] (NYPL).

   
9.
HM to the Editors of the
Literary World,
February 14, 1852 (222).

 
10.
Matthiessen,
American Renaissance,
471. SAM went to New York the first week of September, but returned to Broadhall September 11. See SAM to George Duyckinck, September 14, [1851] (NYPL), misdated 1850.

 
11.
SAM to George Duyckinck, [September 27, 1851] (NYPL).

 
12.
Wineapple,
Hawthorne,
221.

CHAPTER 19

   
1.
HMCR,
441.

   
2.
Ibid., 433, 437, 424.

   
3.
Ibid., 436, 433.

   
4.
Ibid., 419–20, 421, 426.

   
5.
Pierre,
Book XXV.

   
6.
Ibid., Book XXII.

   
7.
Ibid.

   
8.
Ibid., Book XXV.

   
9.
Ibid., Books XVII and XXVI.

 
10.
HMCR,
430–31.

 
11.
SAM to George Duyckinck, December 28, 1851 (NYPL).

 
12.
Maugham,
W. Somerset Maugham Selects the World's Ten Greatest Novels,
218–19.

 
13.
Smith,
Taghconic,
151.

 
14.
Pierre,
Book XXV.

 
15.
Sealts,
Melville's Reading,
76.

CHAPTER 20

   
1.
ML,
478–89.

   
2.
Meyers,
Edgar Allan Poe,
206.

   
3.
HMC,
855. For corroboration, see note 6 in chapter 24.

   
4.
HM to SAM, [December 20?,] 1853 (
HMC,
252–53).

   
5.
“Germany,”
Christian Times,
January 2, 1852; Wilson,
An Encyclopedia of Continental Women Writers,
1:523; Chambers,
Humor and Irony in Nineteenth-Century German Women's Writing,
52; and “Foreign Items,”
New York Tribune,
April 2, 1851.

   
6.
ML,
469.

   
7.
HM to SAM, December 2, 1860 (
HMC,
357).

8.
Pierre,
Book XII.

CHAPTER 21

   
1.
ML,
521 and 525.

   
2.
Spark,
Hunting Captain Ahab,
212, and Elizabeth Renker, “Herman Melville, Wife Beating, and the Written Page,”
American Literature,
March 1994; HM to SAM, [August 29, 1856?] (
HMC,
296–97).

   
3.
HMJ,
628.

   
4.
Ibid., 628–29.

   
5.
HM to Sophia Hawthorne, January 8, 1852 (
HMC,
219).

   
6.
HMJ,
633.

   
7.
Ibid., 129.

8.
ML,
604–6.

CHAPTER 22

   
1.
Caroline Whitmarsh, “A Representative Woman,”
Berkshire County Eagle,
October 29, 1863.

   
2.
Letter from Colonel A. Potter,
Pittsfield Sun,
February 2, 1871.

   
3.
SAM to Lieutenant Colonel Wheldon, January 23, 1862 (Springfield).

   
4.
Edward P. Nettleton to SAM, April 8, 1863 (BA).

   
5.
“The Rebellion,”
Pittsfield Sun,
January 15, 1863. Most of the unattributed poems in the paper can be traced to previously published sources, but of the few that are identified as “for the Sun” and carry no author's name in full, three or four seem likely the work of Sarah, whose contributions to the paper were warmly praised at her death. See Garner,
The Civil War World of Herman Melville,
215, and Sarah's untitled lyric in
Hymns of the Ages,
Third Series (Boston: Ticknor & Fields, 1865), 261.

   
6.
SAM to William B. Morewood, [September 1862] (BCHS).

   
7.
August 6, 1863,
Pittsfield Sun
.

   
8.
Whitmarsh, “A Representative Woman.”

   
9.
Elizabeth Shaw Melville to Augusta Melville, October 16, 1863 (NYPL).

 
10.
J. Rowland Morewood to William B. Morewood, October 16, 1863 (BA).

 
11.
Elizabeth Shaw Melville to Augusta Melville, October 16, 1863 (NYPL).

 
12.
Maugham,
W. Somerset Maugham Selects the World's Ten Greatest Novels,
218.

 
13.
Whitmarsh, “A Representative Woman.”

 
14.
Holmes, “Written for S. A. Morewood” (BA).

   
CHAPTER 23

   
1.
HM to Sophia Van Matre, December 10, 1863 (
HMC,
386).

   
2.
Sealts,
The Early Lives of Melville,
174.

   
3.
HM to Evert Duyckinck, December 31, 1863 (
HMC,
389).

   
4.
Spark,
Hunting Captain Ahab,
214.

   
5.
Samuel S. Shaw to Henry W. Bellows, May 6, 1867 (
HMC,
858–59).

   
6.
Elizabeth Shaw Melville to Henry W. Bellows, May 20, 1867 (
HMC,
860).

   
7.
See Monteiro,
The Presence of Camões,
62–79.

   
8.
Quoted in
HMC,
400.

9.
Elizabeth Renker, “Herman Melville, Wife Beating, and the Written Page,”
American Literature,
March 1994. As Renker has correctly pointed out, “Critics have tried hard to redeem the Melville marriage as a good one by reading Melville's rose poems [late verses in
Weeds and Wildings
] as love poems to Lizzie, but neither the rose poems nor the biographical facts of the marriage sustain such a case” (
A Companion to Herman Melville,
492). At any rate, HM associated the rose with SAM (“Most considerate of all the delicate roses that diffuse their blessed perfume among men, is Mrs. Morewood”).

CHAPTER 24

   
1.
Stoddard,
Recollections,
143.

   
2.
Elizabeth Shaw Melville to Catherine Lansing, January 10, 1886 (
ML,
796).

   
3.
Peter Toth, “In Praise of Herman Melville,”
New York Times,
March 17, 1900.

   
4.
HM to James Billson, December 20, 1885 (
HMC,
492).

   
5.
New York Tribune,
June 16, 1876 (
HMCR
, 532).

   
6.
HMC,
855–56. The toast to SAM's “spirit” ends with an awkward effort to return the toast to Rowland (“the Health of Mr. Morewood”). Because SAM is dead (“be she now remembered by us all”), this occasion can't be confused with another in 1851 when Cornelius Mathews sent the Morewoods a witty toast.

7.
See Robert Penn Warren's edition of the poem in his
Selected Poems of Herman Melville,
344–47. “Skies are dark and winds are moaning, / Leaves around us falling fast” are the opening lines of Sarah's untitled autumnal lyric in
Hymns of the Ages,
Third Series (Boston: Ticknor & Fields, 1865), 261.