Napoleon in Egypt (79 page)

8. Cited in Schur,
Napoleon in the Holy Land
, pp. 145–6.
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9. Berthier,
Relation des campagnes du général Bonaparte en Égypte et en Syrie
, p. 105.
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10. Bernoyer,
Avec Bonaparte en Égypte
, p. 162.
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11. Several sources mention this remark, giving different versions, and a few give different attributions. A typical reference comes in McLynn,
Napoleon
, p. 192.
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12. Bourrienne,
Mémoires
, Vol. 2, pp. 330–1.
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13. Cited in La Jonquière,
L’Expédition en Égypte 1798–1801
, Vol. 4, p. 527. The dating of the letters which Sir Sidney Smith wrote to Napoleon at this time is not altogether clear. I have ordered them in line with my own reading of the internal and external evidence. La Jonquière, Barrow, Hilbert, and Smith’s biographer Pocock each date these letters differently, according to their own readings. Such differences do not drastically alter the overall picture.
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14. This description is collated from Lavallette,
Mémoires
, Vol. 1, pp. 318–21, as well as from Barrow,
Life and Correspondence of Admiral Sir William Sidney Smith
, Vol. 1, pp. 305–7, which draws on a slightly different version by Lavallette (who told the story many times in different words). The two versions closely parallel each other, both giving many convincing details.
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15. Cited in Schur,
Napoleon in the Holy Land
, p. 148, who names his source as Anon,
Siege of Acre
, a work that shows all the signs of having been written by one of Smith’s British colleagues at Acre, or at least having been compiled from his words.
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16. See note 14.
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17. Napoleon,
Correspondance
, Vol. 5, p. 422.
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18. Original French version cited in Berthier,
Relation des campagnes du général Bonaparte en Égypte et en Syrie
, pp. 75–6.
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19. Napoleon calls Smith mad on several occasions. This comes from his most detailed and considered assessment of Smith, which was made in St. Helena, on November 9, 1816, cited in Malraux,
Vie de Napoleon par lui-même
, p. 357.
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20. For all of Smith’s letter, see Barrow,
Life and Correspondence of Admiral Sir William Sidney Smith
, Vol. 1, p. 292–4.
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21. Ibid., p. 291.
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22. La Jonquière,
L’Expédition en Égypte 1798–1801
, Vol. 4, pp. 632–3.
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23. See note 19.
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Chapter XXV: The Retreat from Acre

1. Quotes from Directory’s letter are in La Jonquière,
L’Expédition en Égypte 1798–1801
, Vol. 3, pp. 261, 266–8.
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2. Napoleon,
Correspondance
, Vol. 5, pp. 429–30.
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3. Bourrienne,
Mémoires
, Vol. 2, p. 333.
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4. Napoleon,
Correspondance
, Vol. 5, p. 440.
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5. La Jonquière,
L’Expédition en Égypte 1798–1801
, Vol. 4, p. 539.
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6. This and following quote are from ibid., pp. 543–4.
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7. Cited in ibid., p. 556.
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8. Bourrienne,
Mémoires
, Vol. 2, p. 323.
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9. Cited in La Jonquière,
L’Expédition en Égypte 1798–1801
, Vol. 4, p. 548.
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10. Ibid., p. 549.
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11. Barrow,
Life and Correspondence of Admiral Sir William Sidney Smith
, Vol.1, pp. 311–2.
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12. Bourrienne,
Mémoires
, Vol. 2, pp. 337–8.
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13. Cited in La Jonquière,
L’Expédition en Égypte 1798–1801
, Vol. 4, p. 577.
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14. See Thiry,
Bonaparte en Égypte,
p. 379n.
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15. Barrow,
Life and Correspondence of Admiral Sir William Sidney Smith
, Vol.1, p. 313.
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16. This and the following are from Lavallette,
Mémoires
, Vol. 1, p. 323.
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17. Bourrienne,
Mémoires
, Vol. 2, p. 334.
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18. Millet,
Souvenirs de la campagne d’Égypte
, p. 133.
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19. Richardot,
Nouveaux mémoires sur l’armée française en Égypte et Syrie
, p. 178.
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20. This and the following are from François,
Journal du Capitaine François, dit le Dromadaire d’Égypte
, Vol. 1, pp. 338–9.
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Chapter XXVI: Sensational Discoveries

1. Napoleon,
Correspondance
, Vol. 5, p. 461.
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2. This and the following quote are from Turc,
Chronique d’Égypte 1798–1804
, pp. 65–6.
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3. This and the following quote are from Lanusse’s report to Dugua, cited in La Jonquière,
L’Expédition en Égypte 1798–1801
, Vol. 5, p. 51.
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4. Description of the Mahdi cited in Charles-Roux,
Bonaparte gouverneur d’Égypte
, p. 296.
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5. Cited in La Jonquière,
L’Expédition en Égypte 1798–1801
, Vol. 5, p. 87.
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6. This and the following are from a compilation from letters sent to Desaix on June 15 and 19: Napoleon,
Correspondance
, Vol. 5, pp. 454, 464.
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7. This and the following are from a letter to the Directory: ibid., pp. 484–5.
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8. Cited in La Jonquière,
L’Expédition en Égypte 1798–1801
, Vol. 5, p. 231.
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9. This and the following are from Napoleon,
Correspondance
, Vol. 5, p. 491.
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10. Ibid., p. 485.
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11. This scene is described in some detail, complete with direct speech, using various firsthand sources in
Victoires, conquêtes, désastres, revers et guerres civiles des Français de 1792 à 1815
, Vol. 10, pp. 313–4.
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12. Ibid.
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13. Cited in Charles-Roux,
Bonaparte gouverneur d’Égypte,
p. 345.
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14. Cited in ibid., p. 248.
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15. Cited in ibid., p. 346.
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16. Napoleon,
Correspondance
, Vol. 5, p. 499.
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17. This and the following quote are from ibid., pp. 508, 509.
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18. Ibid., p. 517.
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19. Bourrienne,
Mémoires
, Vol. 2, p. 361.
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20. Cited in La Jonquière,
L’Expédition en Égypte 1798–1801
, Vol. 5, p. 405.
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21. Napoleon,
Correspondance
, Vol. 5, p. 541.
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22. François,
Journal du Capitaine François, dit le Dromadaire d’Égypte
, Vol. 1, p. 355.
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23. Denon,
Voyages dans la Basse et la Haute Égypte pendant les campagnes de Bonaparte
, Vol. 1, p. 351.
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24. This and the following are from Napoleon’s dispatches:
Correspondance
, Vol. 5, pp. 537, 541–2.
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25. François,
Journal du Capitaine François, dit le Dromadaire d’Égypte
, Vol. 1, p. 359.
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26. Napoleon,
Correspondance
, Vol. 5, p. 537.
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27. This and the following quote are from ibid., pp. 545–6.
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Chapter XXVII: The Decision of a Lifetime

1. Exclamations and italics as in original, cited in Bourrienne,
Mémoires
, Vol. 2, p. 363.
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2. This and the following quote are in La Jonquière,
L’Expédition en Égypte 1798–1801
, Vol. 5, pp. 166–7.
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3. Cited in ibid., p. 576.
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4. Napoleon,
Correspondance
, Vol. 5, p. 551.
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5. La Jonquière,
L’Expédition en Égypte 1798–1801
, Vol. 5, p. 574.
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6. Jomard,
Souvenirs sur Gaspard Monge
, p. 56.
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7. Saintine and Reybaud,
Histoire scientifique et militaire de l’Expédition Française en Égypte
, Vol. 6, p. 284. (See Ch. XIII, n. 25 for the sources they used.)
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8. Napoleon,
Correspondance
, Vol. 5, p. 569.
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9. Bourrienne,
Mémoires
, Vol. 2, p. 367.
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10. This and the following Bourrienne quote are from ibid., Vol. 3, p. 2.
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11. Aubry,
Monge
, p. 275.
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12. This and the following quote are from Bourrienne,
Mémoires
, Vol. 3, p. 3.
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13. Cited in Malraux,
Vie de Napoleon par lui-même
, p. 78.
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14. Napoleon,
Correspondance
, Vol. 30, p. 94.
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15. Sauzet,
Desaix: le “sultan juste
,” pp. 289–90.
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16. Chief of Staff Berthier mentions this in the report written by him in Napoleon,
Correspondance
, Vol. 6, p. 362.
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Chapter XXVIII: An Abandoned Army

1. Larevellière-Lépaux,
Mémoires
, Vol. 2, p. 348.
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