Not in God's Name (31 page)
Authors: Jonathan Sacks
14
1.
Martin Luther King,
Strength to Love
, New York, Harper & Row, 1963.
2.
That is what is so offensive about Jean-Paul Sartre’s book,
Sur le Question Juif
, published in 1946. Written immediately after the Holocaust, it is ostensibly a book
against
antisemitism. Sartre’s central thesis is that Jews do not create antisemitism; antisemitism creates Jews. Jews, he says, have nothing in common except that they are the objects of hatred. Therefore to be Jewish is to defy that hatred. By Sartre’s own standards, this is ‘inauthentic’ existence. Authenticity, he believed, meant living in a certain way because you have chosen to, not because someone else has
forced you to. Yet this is the only form of existence he accords to Jews: Jews exist because other people hate them. Such is the power of antisemitism that Sartre, seeking to reject it, reinvents it.
3.
On memory, see Yosef Hayim Yerushalmi,
Zakhor, Jewish History and Jewish Memory
, Seattle, University of Washington Press, 1982; Maurice Halbwachs,
On Collective Memory
, ed., trans., and with an introduction by Lewis A. Coser, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1992; Eviatar Zerubavel,
Time Maps: Collective Memory and the Social Shape of the Past
, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 2003. On the misuse of memory in modern ethnic conflict, see Stuart J. Kaufman,
Modern Hatreds: The Symbolic Politics of Ethnic War
, Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Press, 2001.
4.
Babylonian Talmud, Baba Metzia 32b.
5.
Miroslav Volf,
Exclusion and Embrace: A Theological Exploration of Identity, Otherness, and Reconciliation
, Nashville, Abingdon Press, 1996.
6.
Henri Atlan, ‘Founding Violence and Divine Referent’, in Paul Dumouchel (ed.),
Violence and Truth: On the Work of René Girard
, Stanford, Stanford University Press, 1988, pp. 198–208.
7.
Maimonides, Mishneh Torah, Deot 7:8.
8.
See Jonathan Sacks,
To Heal a Fractured World
, London, Continuum, 2005, pp. 175–84.
9.
Jack Miles,
God: A Biography
, New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 1995, pp. 397–408.
10.
William Shakespeare,
Sonnets
, 129.
11.
Viktor E. Frankl,
Man’s Search for Meaning: An Introduction to Logotherapy
, trans. Ilse Lasch, Boston, Beacon Press, 1992.
12.
Phyllis Chesler,
The New Anti-Semitism: The Current Crisis and What We Must Do About It
, San Francisco, Jossey-Bass, 2003, p. 105.
15
1.
See Graeme Wood, ‘What ISIS Really Wants’,
The Atlantic
, March 2015.
2.
Eric Hoffer,
The True Believer: Thoughts on the Nature of Mass Movements
, London, Secker and Warburg, 1952, p. 103.
3.
Bertrand Russell,
History of Western Philosophy
, London, Allen and Unwin, 1961, Introduction.
4.
Wood, ‘What ISIS Really Wants’.
5.
John Locke,
Political Essays
, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1997, p. 152.
6.
Spinoza – in some ways a very un-Jewish thinker, in others a very Jewish one – writes: ‘Every man’s true happiness and blessedness consists solely in the enjoyment of what is good, not in the pride that he alone is enjoying it, to the exclusion of others. He who thinks himself the more blessed because he is enjoying benefits which others are not, or because he is more blessed or more fortunate than his fellows, is ignorant of true happiness and blessedness, and the joy which he feels is either childish or envious or malicious. For instance, a man’s true happiness consists only in wisdom, and knowledge of the truth, not at all in the fact that he is wiser than others, or that others lack such knowledge: such considerations do not increase his wisdom or true happiness. Whoever, therefore, rejoices for such reasons, rejoices in another’s misfortune, and is, so far, malicious and bad, knowing neither true happiness nor the peace of the true life.’ Or, in the language of contemporary economics, blessedness is not a positional good. Benedict Spinoza,
A Theologico-Political Treatise
, trans. R.H.M. Elwes, Mineola, NY, Dover Publications, 2004, p. 43.
7.
Michael Walzer,
Arguing about War
, New Haven, CT, Yale University Press, 2004, p. 51.
8.
‘Does our religion agree with the idea of suicide? Is the Muslim permitted to blow himself up among others because they are enemies? The sacred [Islamic] sources referred to this as one of the greatest sins. Throughout 14 centuries, all the [jurisprudent] literature regarding Jihad has not permitted harming innocent women and children. Moreover, even if the enemy has violated all things sacred and killed [Muslim] women and children, [Islam] forbids responding in kind’ (Dr Abd Al-Hamid Al-Ansari,
Al-Raya
, Qatar, 25 July 2005).
9.
Walzer,
Arguing about War
, p. 65.
1
Armstrong, Karen,
The Battle for God
, New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 2000.
Armstrong, Karen,
Fields of Blood: Religion and the History of Violence
, New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 2014.
Berger, Peter L.,
The Desecularization of the World
, Washington, DC, Ethics and Public Policy Center, 1999.
Brafman, Ori, and Rod A. Beckstrom,
The Starfish and the Spider: The Unstoppable Power of Leaderless Organizations
, New York, Portfolio, 2006.
Carlson, John D., and Jonathan H. Ebel,
From Jeremiad to Jihad: Religion, Violence, and America
, Berkeley, University of California, 2012.
Gopin, Marc,
Holy War, Holy Peace: How Religion Can Bring Peace to the Middle East
, New York, Oxford University Press, 2002.
Hill, Christopher,
The English Bible and the Seventeenth-Century Revolution
, London, Allen Lane, 1993.
Hill, Christopher,
The World Turned Upside Down: Radical Ideas during the English Revolution
, New York, Viking, 1972.
Ignatieff, Michael,
Blood and Belonging: Journeys into the New Nationalism
, New York, Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1994.
Ignatieff, Michael,
The Lesser Evil: Political Ethics in an Age of Terror
, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 2004.
Ignatieff, Michael,
The Warrior’s Honor: Ethnic War and the Modern Conscience
, New York, Metropolitan Books, 1998.
Juergensmeyer, Mark,
Terror in the Mind of God: The Global Rise of Religious Violence
, Berkeley, University of California Press, 2000.
Juergensmeyer, Mark, and Margo Kitts,
Princeton Readings in Religion and Violence
, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 2011.
Kaufman, Stuart J.,
Modern Hatreds: The Symbolic Politics of Ethnic War
, Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Press, 2001.
Kaufmann, Eric P.,
Shall the Religious Inherit the Earth? Demography and Politics in the Twenty-First Century
, London, Profile, 2010.
Naím, Moisés,
The End of Power: From Boardrooms to Battlefields and Churches to States, Why Being in Charge Isn’t What It Used to Be
, New York, Basic Books, 2013.
New, David S.,
Holy War: The Rise of Militant Christian, Jewish, and Islamic Fundamentalism
, Jefferson, NC, McFarland & Co., 2002.
Phillips, Charles, and Alan Axelrod,
Encyclopedia of Wars
, New York, Facts on File, 2004.
Renard, John,
Fighting Words: Religion, Violence, and the Interpretation of Sacred Texts
, Berkeley, University of California Press, 2012.
Schwartz, Regina M.,
The Curse of Cain: The Violent Legacy of Monotheism
, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1997.
Walzer, Michael,
The Revolution of the Saints: A Study in the Origins of Radical Politics
, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1965.
2
Atran, Scott,
In Gods We Trust: The Evolutionary Landscape of Religion
, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2002.
Atran, Scott,
Talking to the Enemy: Violent Extremism, Sacred Values, and What It Means to Be Human
, London, Allen Lane, 2010.
Axelrod, Robert,
The Evolution of Cooperation
, New York, Basic Books, 1984.
Bloom, Paul,
Just Babies: The Origins of Good and Evil
, London, The Bodley Head, 2013.
Boniolo, G., and G. De Anna,
Evolutionary Ethics and Contemporary Biology
, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2006.
Buller, D.,
Evolutionary Psychology and the Persistent Quest for Human Nature
, Cambridge, MA, MIT Press, 2005.
Churchland, Patricia Smith,
Braintrust: What Neuroscience Tells Us about Morality
, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 2011.
Darwin, Charles,
The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex
, London, John Murray, 1871.
Darwin, Charles,
On the Origin of Species
, London, John Murray, 1859.
Diamond, Jared,
The Third Chimpanzee: The Evolution and Future of the Human Animal
, New York, HarperCollins, 1992.
Durkheim, Émile,
Suicide, a Study in Sociology
, Glencoe, IL, Free Press, 1951.
Foot, Philippa,
Natural Goodness
, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2001.
Glover, Jonathan,
Humanity: A Moral History of the 20th Century
, New Haven, CT, Yale University Press, 2000.
Greene, Joshua David,
Moral Tribes: Emotion, Reason, and the Gap between Us and Them
, New York, Penguin, 2013.
Haidt, Jonathan,
The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion
, New York, Pantheon, 2012.
Hamilton, W.D., ‘The Genetical Evolution of Social Behavior’, I and II,
Journal of Theoretical Biology
, 1964, 7:1–52.
Hoffer, Eric,
The True Believer: Thoughts on the Nature of Mass Movements
, New York, Harper and Row, 1951.
Hrdy, Sarah Blaffer,
Mothers and Others: The Evolutionary Origins of Mutual Understanding
, Cambridge, MA, Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2009.
Kitcher, P.,
The Ethical Project
, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 2011.
Maynard Smith, John,
Evolution and the Theory of Games
, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1982.
Norenzayan, Ara,
Big Gods: How Religion Transformed Cooperation and Conflict
, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 2013.
Pinker, Steven,
The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined
, New York, Viking, 2011.
Pinker, Steven,
The Blank Slate: The Modern Denial of Human Nature
, New York, Viking, 2002.
Putnam, Robert D., and David E. Campbell,
American Grace: How Religion Divides and Unites Us
, New York, Simon & Schuster, 2010.
Ridley, Matt,
The Origins of Virtue: Human Instincts and the Evolution of Cooperation
, New York, Viking, 1997.
Sober, E., and D.S. Wilson,
Unto Others: The Evolution and Psychology of Unselfish Behavior
, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1998.
Trivers, R., ‘The Evolution of Reciprocal Altruism’,
Quarterly Review of Biology
, 1971, 46:35–57.
Waal, F.B.M. de,
The Bonobo and the Atheist: In Search of Humanism among the Primates
, New York, W.W. Norton & Company, 2014.
Waal, F.B.M. de,
Good Natured: The Origins of Right and Wrong in Humans and Other Animals
, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1996.
Waal, F.B.M. de,
Primates and Philosophers
, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 2006.
Wilson, David Sloan,
Darwin’s Cathedral: Evolution, Religion, and the Nature of Society
, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 2002.
Wilson, E.O.,
On Human Nature
, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1978.
Wilson, J.Q.,
The Moral Sense
, New York, Free Press, 1993.
Wright, R.,
The Moral Animal: The New Science of Evolutionary Psychology
, New York, Pantheon, 1994.
3
Barnstone, Willis,
The Other Bible: Gnostic Scriptures, Jewish Pseudepigrapha, Christian Apocrypha, Kabbalah, Dead Sea Scrolls
, San Francisco, Harper & Row, 1984.
Baumeister, Roy F.,
Evil: Inside Human Cruelty and Violence
, New York, W.H. Freeman, 1997.
Beck, Aaron T.,
Prisoners of Hate: The Cognitive Basis of Anger, Hostility and Violence
, New York, HarperCollins, 1999.
Herf, Jeffrey,
The Jewish Enemy
, Cambridge, MA, Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2008.
Jonas, Hans,
The Gnostic Religion
, Boston, Beacon Press, 1963.
King, Karen L.,
What is Gnosticism?
, Cambridge, MA, Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2003.
Koonz, Claudia,
The Nazi Conscience
, Cambridge, MA, Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2003.
Lifton, Robert Jay,
The Nazi Doctors
, New York, Basic Books, 1986.
Müller, Ingo,
Hitler’s Justice
, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1991.
Pagels, Elaine H.,
Adam, Eve, and the Serpent
, New York, Random House, 1988.
Pagels, Elaine H.,
Beyond Belief
, New York, Random House, 2003.
Pagels, Elaine H.,
The Gnostic Gospels
, New York, Random House, 1979.
Pagels, Elaine H.,
The Gnostic Paul
, Philadelphia, Trinity Press International, 1992.
Pagels, Elaine H.,
The Johannine Gospel in Gnostic Exegesis: Heracleon’s Commentary on John
, Nashville, Abingdon Press, 1973.
Pagels, Elaine H.,
The Origin of Satan
, New York, Random House, 1995.
Pagels, Elaine H.,
Revelations
, New York, Viking, 2012.
Robinson, James,
The Nag Hammadi Library in English
, San Francisco, Harper & Row, 1978.
Roseman, Mark,
The Villa, the Lake, the Meeting
, London, Allen Lane/Penguin, 2002.
Russell, Jeffrey Burton,
The Devil
, Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Press, 1977.
Russell, Jeffrey Burton,
Lucifer: The Devil in the Middle Ages
, Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Press, 1984.
Russell, Jeffrey Burton,
The Prince of Darkness
, Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Press, 1988.
Russell, Jeffrey Burton,
Satan
, Ithaca, NY, Cornell University Press, 1981.
Volkan, Vamik D.,
Blind Trust: Large Groups and their Leaders in Times of Crisis and Terror
, Charlottesville, VA, Pitchstone Publishing, 2004.
Volkan, Vamik D.,
Bloodlines
, New York, Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 1997.
Volkan, Vamik D.,
Killing in the Name of Identity: A Study of Bloody Conflicts
, Charlottesville, VA, Pitchstone Publishing, 2006.
Volkan, Vamik D.,
The Need to Have Enemies and Allies
, Northvale, NJ, Jason Aronson, Inc., 1988.
