Authors: William S. Burroughs
âNo doubt about that Bill,' said Jerry G. sycophantically. âAll right where are the women? None of them about you notice. This is ominous under the circumstances. You are all extensions of me so I know what you all can and can not do and there is no question of any one doing anything else except what he can do. You Kiki my aide and body guard. You P.G. chief of staff. Now I need six of you for a patrol.
There must be other survivors.'
[
. . .
]
He picked a cop who once arrested him in New Orleans, Jimmy C, Kiki, Tex, and a Spade drummer he knew
slightly from Paris
on the junk together. âAll right we will keep in touch with staff by walky talky.'
âYou don't have to tell me how, Burroughs,' said PG sourly.
âYou KE are in charge here' . . he indicated Phipps-SternâGregoryâMiguel. âWatching them. If they give trouble proceed at once with the only remedy.'
âRoger.' [
. . .
]
Where was Brion? Lee had not seen him and yet his presence was there but not like the others who were there like bodies. He could feel Brion somewhere over his head and to one side of him but could not contact directly like he could the others. He concluded that this was because Brion was not part of himself in the same way as the others were”
(OSU 2.3).
100 “In this area the only reason”: the first draft (OSU 2.3) has an extra paragraph here, with six lines of phrases unevenly spaced on the page:
“
In this area total conditions hideous Novia Express
of shadow empires move on electric
faces of scarred metal the Venusian front the agents
the Ovens of back from orgasm drug on needs
addicts Minraud heavy metal cool blue
of Uranus”
102 “Heavy scar tissue”: first draft continues with longer final lines:
“Nothing here but scar tissueâwill arrange accidentâÂSuggest overdose of junk or sleeping pillsâTransfer ÂimpracticalâDamage irreversibleâWorkmanship poorâRoger
Arrange accidentâSuggest overdose of sleeping pills or junkâAlternatively call âMack The Knife'â
Original equipment faultyâHidden milesâBasic engineering flawsâDamage probably irreversibleâ”
(OSU 2.3).
TOO FAR DOWN THE ROAD
The first draft of this very short section was a two-page typescript nearly 500 words long, and Burroughs canceled over 350 words using his thick black marker pen at the galley stage in July 1964. At the same time, he added just over 100 words pasted onto the final long galleys (OSU 5.12), and this insert, which forms the last lines of the section, is clearly distinguished in its use of punctuation (its dozen ellipses contrasting with the em dashes in the first half of the section). The canceled material is especially important for its use of the book's original title,
The Novia Express
(which suggests the section dates from late 1961 or early 1962).
102 “âThe Boy”: the em dash with which the section begins is the result and sign of cancellations made on the galleys. The galley version is identical to the October 1962 MS except for revisions in spelling (e.g., “nova” for “novia”) and one canceled sentence:
“He projected concepts towards his aimâThe Boy flickering with silent motion, driven too far down the road in his switchâStared out through half face, fear urgent and quiveringâWith obscure cemetery hands pointing enemy personnel and installations to readers of The Daily ExpressâFace of novia conditions seared by flash blasts he shrank in this area of total pain and panicâAs if moved by some hideous electric hand out of any existenceâBack from The Ovens into zeroâI don't knowâVenusian Front in the warâPerhaps the boy never existedâAll thought and word from the pastâTwenty-five years flash a frightened faceâDanger all around the familiar stationâThe music they played was 1920 Spanish villaâ
âWhat's up with you?âI sed old photo couldn't reach fleshâ'
Looking through TimeâThe other travel only for a certain lavatory windowâHate fear and suspicion quivering emotions washed at his brain in color blatsâHe felt through pocket and loaded itâDown dark streets swept by enemy patrols he moved like an electric dog sniffing marble installations through what one called âThe World'âAppalling agonyâHis burning metal eyes Uranian born into a school boyâ
Past or present whipped away on The Novia ÂExpressâIt was in the warâHideous electric needâI am not sureâThe Boy was still conversing with some reflection of the wisdom game must have given him but saw only fear urgent and quiveringâHuge darkness pressed the silent fish cityâClosed like a store shuttered in a riotâRevolver pointing obscure phosphorescent hands of novia conditionsâBrain seared in this area of flames he shrank in hideous electric pain and panicâOvens of Minraud in the warâYou can not know the appalling Venusian FrontâThe cool blue boy had never existed at all in this June sunlightâHe still circulates in strata of hustlersâattempts to shift the package game must have given himâSaw only goof ball bum in 1910 PanamaâLee shuttered like a store in a riotâBoth parties driven too far down the road wanted other identity for hidden milesâHe stared out through faulty equipment in human contactsâTook the revolver out, intercepted other people's agentâObscure hand tapping all messages in and outâTo readers of The Daily Express loud and clear nowâLast human contactsâObscure hand cross the wounded galaxies removed Mr Bradly Mrâinto zeroâWind hand caught in school boy fleshâStale overcoat suddenly withdrawnâThe Boy had never existed at allâA wet mouth against the paneâmuttering of marble apeâAppalling agony to neonâ”
(OSU 4.9).
103 “Never happened is my name”: this phrase, which is not canceled on the long galleys and yet was left out of
NEX
98, has been restored, and is the only line restored for this edition.
NO GOOD AT THIS RATE
Burroughs produced numerous drafts of the cut-up material that would feed into this section (OSU 2.2), but the only surviving manuscript seems to be the near-verbatim two-page typescript in the October 1962 MS, written some time before (with its spelling of “Novia”).
104 “walk with the Dib”: corrects
NEX
99 (“with Dib”), an error in the galleys. As a character, “the Dib” reappears in
The Wild Boys
and
Exterminator!
105 “The Controller at the exits”: the October 1962 MS continues:
“Don't go to ParisâThe typewriterâShine boy, collapse it.”
WIND HAND TO THE HILT
Burroughs redacted his first draft of this section, a four-page typescript of uncertain date, and in the course of cutting out a good deal of repetition he also omitted some of the political and further literary allusions in the source material. However, together with fragments of Shakespeare and Joyce, the principal source remains visible, and Burroughs would identify it in “Intersection Reading”: “1962,
Nova Express
, I made a fold-in with the last pages of Alan Sillitoe's
Saturday Night and Sunday Morning
” (
The Third Mind
[New York: Viking, 1978], 138). Fragments of Sillitoe's novel appear from the phrase “If you or any of your pals” onward, and almost entirely in the sequence in which they appear in the original novel.
105 “any locks over the Chinese”: the first draft has:
“any locks over Stalin and the ChineseâAccusations of bacteriological war of the past igniting the present like a gambitâinstead of bringing you up fairâChanged places of years in the end is just the sameâ”
(OSU 2.2).
106 “On the night shift working with blind”: the first draft continues, with lines that mix phrases from Sillitoe's novel with a reference to James Joyce's “The Dead,” other phrases of which would be used in
Nova Express
:
“One more chance he said touching circumstanceâSpanish i come back to the bait its curtainsâThin air the meet café and there it'll be fighting every day until Gabriel's eyes fadedâDreams of us when we are fighting up to hand they father the last electricianâSlung into khaki at eighteen wracked and answer Mr Of The AccountâAgain in a factory grabbing for us through the hole in thin airâ”
(OSU 2.2).
A DISTANT THANK YOU
Burroughs identified the first version of this long section as “Chapter X” of his March 1962 MS. This nine-page typescript shows a large number of minor differences from the published version, evidence of how carefully Burroughs reworked his manuscript: “Gothic Cathedrals” became “Greek temples,” “we are all scheming” became “we are all intriguing,” “terrible doom” became “terrible fate,” and so on. Burroughs was equally attentive to punctuation and, before the final typescript (OSU 4.9) was tidied up by a typesetter, he used an em dash system made up of two or sometimes three dashes, ellipses using two or three dots and both single and double colons.
117 “Oh yes and whose doing it?”: one draft continues (with what is presumably a reference to the Mesoamerican god Quetzacoatl):
“Not Garibaldi Qetequatal again?
Such a ham
â
I tell you nobody can scream like Juan ChapultepecâWhere is he now?”
(OSU 2.3).
117 “he fades out with a train whistle”: another line regarding Willy The Rube appears in the draft:
“He'll come here and eat all our exquisite food and smoke all the Pakistan Berries lay all our life forms and fade out in word dust of a distant thank you noteâ”
(OSU 2.3).
REMEMBER I WAS CARBON DIOXIDE
It's not clear when Burroughs wrote this section, but it changed significantly at the galley stage in July 1964 through major cuts and insertions. The earliest rough draft, a four-page typescript (OSU 2.2) and the final three-page version (OSU 4.9), have just over 450 words which Burroughs canceled in the galleys, at the same time as he made three separate inserts adding up to 250 words, the new material standing out formally in its use of ellipses.
The section is particularly dense with literary source material, from Conrad's novel
Lord Jim
to Joyce's short story “The Dead” and Eliot's poem
The Waste Land
. It is revealing that the first draft is headed in autograph “Weilest Du?” which abbreviates the phrase “Wo weilest du?” (“Where do you linger?”) from Wagner's
Tristan und Isolde
as cited by Eliot in the first part of his poem.
Burroughs' typescripts reveal the extent of his use of
The Waste Land
, and indeed other poems by Eliot: not only “Portrait of a Lady” (whose citation of Marlowe's play
The Jew of Malta
remains in the text as the phrase fragments “in another country” and “committed fornication”), but also “Burbank with a Baedecker: Blestein with a Cigar” (one phrase from the poem, “The boatman smiles,” appears twice in the typescripts, and would be used in
The Ticket That Exploded
). Redacting his manuscript from rough to final draft, Burroughs made the largest cuts when revising the galleys and did so in his characteristic way, canceling odd words or entire lines while retaining the original structure and sequence. It is revealing that in 1964 Burroughs made new cut-ups of
The Waste Land
to add onto those made in 1962, and the next year he used a vertical bisection of one such page, entitled “Selections from T.S. EliotâFrom The Waste Land and other poems” (Berg 36.8 and 44.41),
for a collage (in
The Third Mind
, 102).
120 “in another countryâ”: corrects
NEX
114 (“country.”), restoring the em dash that the copyeditor replaced with a period when Burroughs redacted these opening lines. Appearing twice in the “Trak Trak Trak” section of the revised
Soft Machine
, the phrase from Marlowe's play is also used by Dr Benway and the Professor of Interzone University in
Naked Lunch
. For Burroughs, the unspoken words of Barabas that complete the phraseâ“the wench is dead”â referred to his wife, Joan.
120 “Going to give some riot noises”: from here to “long time in inquisition
. . .
” was an insert made in July 1964.
122 “I'd ask alterations”: the October 1962 MS begins this paragraph by citing the last line of “Au lecteur,” Baudelaire's preface to
Les Fleurs du mal
,
via its use as the last line of the first part of
The Waste Land
:
“Mon semblable mon frère to neonâDeparted have left no address.”
The second phrase, which also derives from Eliot's poem (third part: “Departed have left no addresses”), appears cut up in this section as “departed file
. . .
Mrs. Murphy's rooming house left no address.”
122 “Will you let me tell you”: from here to “dim jerky far away” was an insert made in July 1964.
123 “Fading smiles”: the October 1962 MS shows that Burroughs redacted material between these two words, thus obscuring the citation of Eliot's “Burbank with a Baedecker”:
“Fading in the violet lightâBrief moments i could describeâDamp gusts bringing rainâThe boatman smiles.”
123 “Piece of a toy”: from here to “blue kite” was an insert made in July 1964. Burroughs cites the final line in a June 1964 letter to illustrate the precise intersection points he was finding between word and image (
ROW
, 163).
Gave Proof Through the Night
GAVE PROOF THROUGH THE NIGHT