Of Minds and Language (73 page)

Finally, this is a more technical remark: E-language versus I-language. We had this discussion with Janet Fodor. Ever since Noam insisted on this distinction (it was systematized in
Knowledge of Language
(1986), but it was there all the time), it has been interesting to see how much work has been done in the context of E-language, languages that allegedly are “out there.” The best example of this, which I'm not recommending, is Terrence Deacon's book (1997) on the evolution of language, in which brains are evolving and languages are also evolving and they supposedly evolve together. For Deacon languages are things out there and his idea is that our brain had been evolving with those languages out there. This is not the way to think about that; it is the computational state that we have here inside. A lot of work, notably all the learnability work – Gold's theorem and all the linguistic strings coming in, as Janet Fodor has aptly reminded us here (see
Chapter 17
) – has interesting aspects but the challenge is to translate those things so that they still make sense in an I-language context. Martin Nowak and other mathematicians (Nowak et al 2001a, b, 2002) have been publishing widely on the evolution of
language but it's entirely on E-language evolving and some of that work may have some interest if translated into I-language. This change from E-language to I-language has been very important and, as Jerry Fodor insightfully likes to stress, we are forever bewildered by the consequences of what we know. It takes years to understand a radical change like this and all the consequences it entails, and we are looking forward to the years to come dealing with these problems.

P
ELLO SALABURU
: I would like to take just a minute to thank all the participants here, especially Noam, because as I said the first day, it was very difficult for him to come here. So thank you, Noam, we are very, very grateful to you. I would also like to thank the other speakers and all the public who have attended the conference. I think it was a great opportunity for all of us to listen and learn. Finally, I would like to express my deep appreciation to each and every one of the participants.

Noam was telling us yesterday that it takes 25 percent longer to translate words from English into Spanish. You know that we also have a lot of redundancies in Basque too, but at this particular point, when we say “thank you very much” in Basque, we use only two words to do it:
eskerrik asko
. But unfortunately, the number of syllables is the same.

Thank you very much.

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