One Child (32 page)

[>]
“that’s another matter”:
@KAKA不被找到, “12 Chinese Youths Sell Property to Travel the World,” Tea Leaf Nation, May 31, 2012,
http://www.tealeafnation.com/2012/05/12-chinese-youths-sell-property-to-travel-the-world/
.

[>]
coined the term
one-child family risk: Du Benfeng, “Population Policy and One-Child Family Risk in China,”
International Journal of Social Science and Humanities
1, no. 1 (April 2012).

[>]
will become an Empress:
Liu Ting underwent multiple surgeries for gender reassignment in the spring of 2015. Margaux Schreurs, “Model Citizen Liu Ting Completes Gender Reassignment, Hailed by Media,”
The Beijinger
, April 15, 2015,
http://www.thebeijinger.com/blog/2015/04/15/model-citizen-liu-ting-undergoes-gender-reassignment-procedures-hailed-chinese-media
.

6. Welcome to the Dollhouse

[>]
“gigantic mass of horny young men”:
Quoted in Hvistendahl,
Unnatural Selection
, 109.

[>]
30 to 40 million surplus men:
Jane Golley and Rod Tyers, “Gender ‘Rebalancing’ in China,”
Asian Population Studies
10, no. 2 (2014),
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17441730.2014.902159#abstract
.

[>]
boys born for every 100 girls:
World Bank, “Gender Statistics Highlights from 2012 World Development Report,”
http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx
. The figure of 119 boys for every 100 girls is also given by Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, quoted by many media outlets, including the BBC in this report: “China Faces Growing Gender Imbalance,” BBC News, January 11, 2010,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8451289.stm
.

[>]
most unequal gender ratios:
World Bank, “Gender Gaps in China: Facts and Figures,” October 2006,
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTEAPREGTOPGENDER/Resources/Gender-Gaps-Figures&Facts.pdf
.

[>]
“Chinese equivalent of Valium”:
Elisabeth Rosenthal, “Bitter Roots,”
New York Times,
January 24, 1999.

[>]
rural men who are increasingly the ones killing themselves:
Paul S. F. Yip and Ka Y. Liu, “The Ecological Fallacy and the Gender Ratio of Suicide in China,”
British Journal of Psychiatry
189, no. 5 (October 2006),
http://bjp.rcpsych.org/content/189/5/465
.

[>]
“I wish I had daughters”:
Mei Fong, “It’s Cold Cash, Not Cold Feet, Motivating Runaway Brides in China,”
Wall Street Journal
, June 5, 2009.

[>]
One in four men was unable to marry at all:
Valerie Hudson and Andrea M. den Boer,
Bare Branches: The Security Implications of Asia’s Surplus Male Population
(Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2004), 208.

[>]
Chinese Academy of Social Sciences:
Yi Zhang, “10 Problems Caused by Gender Imbalance of Population,”
Red Flag Manuscript
, no. 2 (2005): 13.

[>]
heated up to such an extent:
“Could Asia Really Go to War over These?”
Economist
, September 20, 2012,
http://www.economist.com/node/21563316
.

[>]
“virile form of nationalism”:
Valerie Hudson and Andrea den Boer, “The Security Risks of China’s Abnormal Demographics,”
Washington Post
, April 30, 2014,
http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/monkey-cage/wp/2014/04/30/the-security-risks-of-chinas-abnormal-demographics/
.

[>]
a third of the overall rise in crime:
Lena Edlund, Hongbin Li, Junjian Yi, and Junsen Zhang, “More Men, More Crime: Evidence from China’s One-Child Policy,” available at SSRN:
http://ssrn.com/abstract=1136376
or
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0042-7092.2007.00700.x
.

[>]
lower self-esteem:
X. Zhou, Z. Yan, and T. Hesketh, “Depression and Agression in Never-Married Men in China: A Growing Problem,”
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
48, no. 7 (July 2013): 1087–93,
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23232692
.

[>]
may stimulate economic growth:
Wei Shang-Jin and Zhang Xiaobo, “Sex Ratios, Entrepreneurship, and Economic Growth in the People’s Republic of China,” National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 16800, February 2011,
http://www.nber.org/papers/w16800
.

[>]
excessive saving:
Wei Shang-Jin and Zhang Xiabo, “The Competitive Saving Motive: Evidence from Rising Sex Ratios and Savings Rates in China,”
Journal of Political Economy
119, no. 3 (June 2011): 511–64.

[>]
reduced crime:
Golley and Tyers, “Gender ‘Rebalancing’ in China,” 143.

[>]
Siwan Anderson:
Siwan Anderson, “Economics of Dowry and Brideprice,”
Journal of Economic Perspectives
21 (Fall 2007): 151–74.

[>]
caili
rates across China:
Gwen Guilford, Ritchie King, and Herman Wong, “Forget Dowries: Chinese Men Have to Pay Up to $24,000 to Get a Bride,”
Quartz
, June 9, 2013,
http://qz.com/92267/in-a-reversal-of-the-dowry-chinese-men-pay-a-steep-price-for-their-brides/
.

[>]
housing prices in China between 2003 and 2009:
Qingyuan Du and Shang-Jin Wei, “A Sexually Unbalanced Model of Current Account Imbalances,” National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2010,
http://www.nber.org/papers/w16000
.

[>]
Only 30 percent of marital home deeds:
Leta Hong Fincher,
Leftover Women: The Resurgence of Gender Inequality in China
(London: Zed Books, 2014).

[>]
out of sixty-five postings:
Sun Peidong,
Who Will Marry My Daughter?
(Beijing: China Social Science Press, 2012).

[>]
China’s family structure:
Simon Day, “Playing the Dating Game,”
Southland Times
, February 6, 2013,
http://www.stuff.co.nz/southland-times/life-style/8749732/Playing-the-dating-game
.

[>]
Parents send back handwritten notes:
Lucy Hornby, “Chinese Tech Groups Turn to Matchmaking,”
Financial Times
, February 13, 2015,
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/d91a8e6a-b1a8-11e4-a830-00144feab7de.html#axzz3eUJVhDq5
.

[>]
breeding “quality” children:
Hong Fincher,
Leftover Women
, 30.

[>]
“Raise the Quality”:
Xiaomeng Hu, “China’s Inevitable Choice: Raise the Quality of the Population, Control the Size of the Population,”
People’s Daily
(Beijing, China)
, December 20, 2000,
http://www.envir.gov.cn/info/2000/12/1220794.htm
.

[>]
Upgrading population qualit
y:
Yu Zhu, “Population’s Quality Becoming the Main Influencing Factors in China,”
Xinhua
website, January 11, 2007,
http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2007-01/11/content_5594195.htm
.

[>]
lamented giving equal rights to women:
“Leader Regrets Giving Equal Rights to Women,”
New Straits Times
, July 31, 1994,
http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1309&dat=19940731&id=PtxOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=gBMEAAAAIBAJ&pg=1931,4668371
.

[>]
the couple led separate lives:
Malcolm Moore, “China’s First Lady Peng Liyuan: A Perfectly Scripted Life,”
The Guardian
, April 3, 2013,
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/9969052/Chinas-first-lady-Peng-Liyuan-a-perfectly-scripted-life.html
.

[>]
a September 2014 online poll:
Yang Ding, “About Women Morality Course: We Need More Than Just Negating It,”
Tencent Web
, September 23, 2014,
http://view.news.qq.com/original/intouchtoday/n2925.html
.

[>]
“violating social morality”:
“Accused of Violating Social Morality, Dongguan Women Morality Class Closed,” Sohu website, September 26, 2014,
http://news.sohu.com/20140926/n404677996.shtml
.

[>]
“raising a daughter as a son”:
Fong,
Only Hope
, 135.

[>]
according to Gallup:
Steve Crabtree and Anita Pugliese, “China Outpaces India for Women in the Workforce,” Gallup, November 2, 2012,
http://www.gallup.com/poll/158501/china-outpaces-india-women-workforce.aspx
.

[>]
more than selling drugs or weapons:
US Department of State, “Trafficking in Persons Report 2007,”
http://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2007/
.

[>]
about $1,500 per head:
Lee Tae-hoon, “Female North Korean Defectors Priced at $1500,”
Korea Times Nation
, May 14, 2010.

[>]
most people wanted both a son and a daughter:
Zhou Chi, Zhou Xu Dong, Wang Xiao Lei, Zheng Wei Jun, Li Lu, and Therese Hesketh, “Changing Gender Preference in China Today: Implications for the Sex Ratio,”
India Journal of Gender Studies
20, no. 1 (February 2013): 51–68,
http://ijg.sagepub.com/content/20/1/51.abstract
.

7. Better to Struggle to Live On, Than Die a Good Death

[>]
five-to-one ratio will shift to 1.6 to one:
Richard Jackson, Keisuke Nakashima, and Neil Howe,
China’s Long March to Retirement Reform: The Graying of the Middle Kingdom Revisited
(Washington, DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies, 2009),
http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/090422_gai_chinareport_en.pdf
.

[>]
China’s army of pensioners:
Dexter Roberts, “China’s Brewing Pension Crisis,”
Bloomberg News
, August 9, 2012,
http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-08-09/chinas-brewing-pension-crisis
.

[>]
Half of China’s thirty-one provinces cannot pay:
Ibid.

[>]
“If they were their own country”:
Ted Fishman,
Shock of Gray: The Aging of the World’s Population and How It Pits Young Against Old, Child Against Parent, Worker Against Boss, Company Against Rival, and Nation Against Nation
(New York: Scribner, 2012).

[>]
less than a dollar a day:
Jackson, Nakashima, and Howe,
China’s Long March to Retirement Reform.

[>]
“Your chances of avoiding”:
Atul Gawande,
Being Mortal: Medicine and What Matters in the End
(New York: Henry Holt and Company, 2014), 79.

[>]
cemeteries won’t sell them burial plots:
“Life After Loss,”
China Daily
, December 17, 2013,
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/html/feature/lifeafterloss/
.

[>]
million of them, and growing:
National Health and Family Planning Commission of People’s Republic of China, “2010 China Health Statistical Yearbook,” National Health and Family Planning Commission of People’s Republic of China website, August 8, 2010,
http://www.moh.gov.cn/htmlfiles/zwgkzt/ptjnj/year2010/index2010.html
.

[>]
shidu
parents receive reimbursement:
Yao Zhang, Lixin Zhang, and Liying Ren, “The First Shidu Parents Received Reimbursement,”
Xinhua Daily Telegraph
, July 12, 2012,
http://news.xinhuanet.com/mrdx/2012-07/12/c_131710347.htm
.

[>]
sharing her quarters with a huge sow:
David Moye, “Chen Shoutian Under Fire for Making 100-Year-Old Mom Sleep with a Pig,”
Huffington Post Weird News
, December 18, 2012,
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/12/17/chen-shoutian-under-fire-_n_2317912.html
.

[>]
depending in turn on their children’s largess:
Associated Press, “Elderly Chinese Woman, 94, Sues Her Daughter for Care as Aging Population Presents New Problems for Governments,”
New York Daily News
, October 12, 2013,
http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/edlerly-chinese-woman-sues-daughter-care-article-1.1483711
.

[>]
“human reproduction is sacred is no longer accepted”:
Yan Yunxiang,
Private Life Under Socialism: Love, Intimacy and Family Change in a Chinese Village, 1949–1999
(Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2003).

[>]
reducing out-of-pocket expenses:
Y. Zhao, Y. Hu, J. P. Smith, J. Strauss, and G. Yang, “Cohort Profile: The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS),”
International Journal of Epidemiology
43, no. 1 (2014): 61–68,
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dys203
.

[>]
0.7 percentage points per year:
Jackson, Nakashima, and Howe,
China’s Long March to Retirement Reform
, 3–17.

[>]
forced nearly a hundred dying patients into the streets:
Coco Liu, “China Death Taboo on Its Way Out,”
Global Post
, November 15, 2010,
http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/china/101108/hospice-care-health-aging-culture
.

[>]
karaoke hostesses:
Reuters, “China Bans Tomb-Sweepers’ ‘Vulgar’ Burned Offerings,”
China Daily
, April 25, 2006,
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2006-04/25/content_576881.htm
.

[>]
40 percent of the world’s Parkinson’s sufferers:
E. R. Dorsey, Radu Constantinescu, J. P. Thompson, Kevin Biglan, R. G. Holloway, and K. Kieburtz, “Projected Number of People with Parkinson Disease in the Most Populous Nations, 2005 Through 2030,”
Neurology
68, no. 5 (February 2007): 384–86,
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/6715222_Projected_number_of_people_with_Parkinson_disease_in_the_most_populous_nations_2005_through_2030._Neurology
.

8. The Red Thread Is Broken