One Good Turn: A Natural History of the Screwdriver and the Screw (18 page)

catapults,
48
,
137

celestial globes,
132
,
133
,
135
,
137

ceramics,
38
–
39
,
128
–
29

China, ancient,
45
,
129
,
142
–
43

chisels,
19
–
20
,
23
,
36
–
37
,
51
,
69

Cicero,
132
–
33
,
134
,
135

clamps,
48
,
121

Claudianus,
133

Clement, Joseph,
107
–
8
,
109
–
10

clockmaking,
49
,
71
–
72

clocks:

astronomical,
49
,
71
–
72
,
131
–
32

turret,
71

combination case openers,
20
,
150

Commander mauls,
20
,
40
–
41

computers,
107

Consumer Reports,
85

Cook, James,
99

corks,
35
–
36

corkscrews,
36
,
80

cotter pins,
62

cranks,
24
–
25
,
73

crowbars,
20
,
54

cuirassier helmet,
48

De’Dondi, Giovanni,
71
–
72
,
131

De Re Metallica
(Agricola),
51
–
53

Dictionary of Tools
(Salaman),
31
–
32

Dictionnaire Général de la Langue Française,
36
,
44

Diderot, Denis,
33
–
35
,
61

dies,
30
,
64
,
105

Diodorus Siculus,
134
,
140
–
41

dioptra,
119

Disston, Henry,
19

diverse et artificiose machine, Le
(Ramelli),
47
,
48
–
51
,
52

dividers,
46
,
48

Drachmann, A. G.,
123
,
138
–
39

draw rings,
31

drills,
15
,
33
,
85
,
86

bow,
21
–
22
,
24
,
31
,
41

Dürer, Albrecht,
46
–
47
,
55
–
56

Egypt, ancient,
45
,
140

tools of,
16
–
18
,
21
,
41
,
88
–
89

electrician’s screwdriver,
32

electricity,
15

Encyclopaedia Britannica,
27
,
31
,
32

Encyclopédie
(Diderot and d’Alembert),
33
–
35
,
36
,
43
,
54
,
61
,
73
,
74
,
93

engines,
48

difference,
107

jet,
55

steam,
24
,
76
,
103
,
104
,
107
–
9
,
110

Euclid,
133

Eustathius,
139

eyeglasses,
13
–
14
,
16

Ffoulkes, Charles,
65
–
67

files,
36
–
37

Fisher Body Company,
82

Ford, Henry,
82
–
83

foundries,
55
–
56

Franke, Meister,
22

Franklin, Benjamin,
14

Frick Collection,
53
–
54
,
90
,
92

Gallus,
132
–
33
,
135

Gardner, Isabella Stewart,
39

Gardner Museum,
39

gearwheels,
129
–
32

General Motors,
84

generators,
15

gent’s fancy screwdriver,
145

Gent’s Fancy Turnscrew,
43

gimlets,
31

girders,
73
,
75
,
88

Goodman, William Louis,
26
–
27
,
37

Great Western,
103

Greeks, ancient,
31
,
45
,
118
–
19
,
121
–
22
,
123
–
24
,
127
–
40
,
142
–
43

Greenwich Armory,
63

gunmaker’s screwdriver,
32

guns,
55
–
61

antitank,
56

barrels of,
55
,
56
,
59

loading and firing of,
56
–
57
,
60

ray,
137

screws in,
59
–
61
,
71
,
72

Gutenberg, Johannes,
113

hacksaws,
18
,
71
,
73

hammers,
14
,
23
,
24
,
31
,
46
,
51
,
67

adze-eye,
21

claw,
21
,
47

combination,
20
,
150

socketed,
111

steam,
107

see also
mallets; mauls; sledgehammers

handsaws,
14
–
19
,
45

ancient Egyptian,
17
–
18

open,
19
,
46

origins of,
17
–
19

skew-back,
19
,
151

see also
backsaws; hacksaws; saws

hand tools,
15
–
27

artistic depictions and illustrations of,
22
,
23
–
24
,
33
,
34
,
35
,
41
–
42
,
46
–
47
,
51
,
53
,
54
,
59
,
67
,
115
,
145
–
51

carpenter’s,
15
–
27

combination,
20
–
21
,
80
,
111
,
150

cutting and shaping,
16
,
17
–
20

drilling,
16
,
21
–
25
,
86

as extension of body,
16

four categories of,
16

hammering,
16
,
20
–
21

measurement,
16
–
17

origins and histories of,
16
–
25
,
26
–
27
,
29
–
37

power,
15
–
16
,
86

helixes,
112
,
119
–
21
,
124
,
125
,
143

Hero of Alexandria,
116
–
19
,
121
–
22
,
123
,
127
,
136

Hieron, King of Syracuse,
135
,
138
,
140

hinges,
74
–
75
,
76
,
78
,
124

Historia Naturalis
(Pliny the Elder),
116
–
17

History of Woodworking Tools
(Goodman),
26
–
27
,
37

hodometers,
119

houses, building of,
14
–
17
,
20
,
39

instruments:

mathematical,
30
,
97
,
134

medical,
121
,
125

navigational,
31
,
97
,
99

surveying,
17
,
119
,
125

iron,
47
,
60
,
62
,
129

screws,
35
,
51
–
53
,
75

smelting of,
51

jacks,
48

Japanese,
18
n,
45

Jefferson, Thomas,
71

jeweler’s screwdrivers,
32

Joseph, Saint,
23
–
24
,
46

Josephus,
123

jousting,
62
–
63
,
64

Kern, Ken,
15

Knights of the Round Table,
61
,
62

lathes,
41
,
73
,
77
,
88
–
101

bench,
98
,
111

guilloching,
96

pole,
89
–
90

precision,
103
–
6

screw-cutting,
90
–
106

turning-,
88
–
97

Leonardo da Vinci,
47
,
48
,
94
,
95
,
100
,
102
,
103
,
137
–
38

levels:

A-,
16
–
17
,
149