Opium (59 page)

Triads in

Mallinckrodt Laboratories

Malta

Malwa

Manchester
bis

Manchester Guardian

Manchu Penal Code

Manchuria

Mang Tang Wu (village)

Manila

Mao Zedong, Chairman

Maratha states

Marcus Aurelius

marijuana

Marseilles

Martinique

Massacre of Innocents, The
(tract)

Matheson, Donald

Matheson, James

Mauritius

May, Earl of

Mayer, Surgeon Major Nathan

Mazatlan

Mazeppa
(clipper)

Mecone (city of poppies)

meconic acid

meconidine

meconion

Medellin cartel

Melbourne

Merck (chemist)

Merope
(ship)

mescaline

Mesopotamia

methadone

methedrine

Mexico

crop eradication

‘Mexican federation' (drug barons)

Mexicans in Guatemala

money laundering

opium output

quality and types of Mexican drugs

smuggling to USA

Miami

Middle East

Milan

missionaries

Christians linked to opium

Jackie Pullinger

Jesuits

Karl Gutzlaff

others

Misuse of Drugs Act (UK 1971)

Mitcham

Mithridates

mithridatum

Mogul Empire

Mon tribe

Mon National State Army (MNSA)

money laundering

Britain

Bulgaria

Cali cartels

Eastern Europe

‘Fast Eddie'

Lebanon

Milan

Pakistan

Puerto Rico

USA

world legislation

Yugoslavia, former

Mong Tai Army (MTA)

Mongolia

monopolies

Montauk

Moore, Dr William J.

Morocco

Morpheus (god of sleep)

morphine

999 trademark

addiction

bacterium that eats it

comparisons

morphine content of types of opium

morphine and other alkaloids

morphine and other drugs

controls

description

discovery

heroin preferred to

medicinal use

methods of taking

in ‘cocktails'

injection

pills

name

poisoning by

preferred to opium

production

products used in cutting

quantities produced

smuggling

supposed cure for opium addiction

Morrison, Robert

Moses

movies
see
film industry

Mowqua (merchant)

Mrs Winslow's Soothing Syrup

mui tsai
(sale of girls)

Mujaheddin

mule trains

‘mules' (people)
see
couriers

Mundelein, Cardinal

The Danger of Hollywood: A Warning to Young Girls
(pamphlet)

Munich

Muslims/Islam

Mussolini, Benito

Myanmar
see
Burma

N-methylcyclopropylnorxymorphone

naloxone

Namoa

Nangarhar province

Napier, Lord William

narceine

Narcotic Drugs Import and Export Act (US 1922)

narcotine (noscapine)

National Anti-Opium Bureau/Opium Suppression Committee (China)

National Institute of Drug Abuse (USA)

National Narcotics Intelligence Consumers Committee (USA)

National Socialist Council of Nagaland

NATO

Ndrangheta (Mafia)

Ne Win, President (of Burma)

Nembutal

Nepal

nepenthe

Nero

Nerval, Gerard de

Netherlands/Dutch

Nevada

New Delhi

New Hampshire

New York

addiction

Chinese and Japanese gangs

opium dens (1920s)

Pleasant Avenue Connection

smuggling into

New Zealand

Newman, Dr J.P.

Newsweek
(magazine)

Ng Sik-ho (‘Limpy Ho')

Ng-a-Choy (speaker against opium)

Ngo Dinh Diem, Prime Minister

Nicaragua

nicotine

Nigeria

Ningpo

nitrous oxide

Nixon, President

Nonsuch
(ship)

Noriega, General Manuel

Normand, Mabel

North-West Frontier Province

Northern Ireland

noscapine (narcotine)

Nottingham

Nye (merchant)

Nyswander, Marie

Oakland, California

Offences Against the Person Act (UK 1861)

Office of Drug Abuse Law Enforcement (USA)

Office for Drug Abuse Prevention (USA)

Office of National Narcotics Intelligence (USA)

Okpebie, Sabinus Knem (Ibbinije Obasa Nepoleon)

Old Delhi

Old Man of the Mountain (Persian myth)

oleic acid

Oliphant & Co.

Omega
(ship)

On Leong triad

Operation X (French Indo–China)

opiates

chemically defined

‘cocktails'

semi-synthetic

synthetic

opioids

opium

see also
addiction, poppies

composition and derivatives

cultivation and processing

divans (dens)

effects

alters perception

calmness

dreams/visions

sexual

desire/potency allegedly increased

desire suppressed

orgasmic sensation

shortens life expectancy

‘soul rubbed down with silk'

wasting away

‘white opium night'

history

early use

15th–18th centuries

Romantic period

17th-early 19th centuries

19th–20th centuries

Britain

China and Hong Kong

Opium Wars

USA

‘Jesus-Opium'

means of taking

early experiments

eating

eating vs smoking

injection

passive consumption

smoking

smoking with tobacco

medicinal uses

ancient world
passim

anaesthetic/pre-surgery

diarrhoea and dysentery

painkiller

patent medicines

myths

the switch to heroin

Opium Ordinance (Hong Kong)

Opium Suppression of Shanghai
(aeroplane)

Opium War, First

Opium War, Second

Oporinus

Orient Express

Ormsby Gore, Alice

Osgood, Dr D.W.

Osler, Sir William

Ottoman Empire

oxynarcotine

Pacific Rim

Paderborn

Pakistan/is

money laundering

opium output

rejects Paris Protocol

in USA

Palermo

Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO)

Palestinians

Pall Mall Gazette

Palmerston, Lord

palmitic acid

Panama

Papaver bracteatum
(poppy)

Papaver setigerum
(poppy)

Papaver somniferum
(opium poppy)

papaverine

Papyrus of Ebers

Paracelsus

paracetamol

Paraguay

Pardo-Bolland, Salvador

paregoric

Paris

Paris Protocol (1948)

Parsees

patent medicines

Pathans

Pathet Lao militia
bis, bis

Patna

Pearl River

peasant farmers

Peking

Beijing Conference

Peking and Tiensin Times

Pelletier, Pierre Joseph

Penang

Pepsi-Cola

Pereira, Dr Jonathan

Perkins & Company

Permanent Central Opium Board (UN)

Persia

ancient

19th–20th centuries

quality of Persian opium

Persian Gulf

Peru

pethidine

peyote

Phaktiphat, General Thanat

Phao, General

pharmaceutical industry

Pharmacy Act (UK 1868)

Philippines

Philippines Opium Commission

philonium

Phnom Penh

Phouma, Souvanna, son of

Picasso, Pablo

Pierce, F.M.

pipes

heroin

opium

piracy

Pizza Connection

Plassey

Platerus of Basle

Pleasant Avenue Connection

Pliny the Elder

Pneumatic Institution

Poe, Edgar Allen

poisoning by drugs

Poisons and Pharmacy Act (UK 1868)

Poland

police

British

Gibraltar

Hong Kong

USA

Polo, Marco

Pomet (druggist to Louis XIV)

poppies

botanical classification

culinary use

poppy-head tea

cultivation

growing

harvesting

in Britain

in Colombia

in Golden Triangle

eradication/crop substitution

Burma

CIS

Laos

Mexico

Mongolia

Thailand

UN projects

legal production

as symbol

poppy acid
see
meconic acid

Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP)

Portuguese

postal services used in smuggling

Pottinger, Sir Henry
bis

Poulenc, Francis

Powhattan,
USS

Pravaz, Charles-Gabriel

Prem, General

Presidential Commission on Narcotic and Drug Abuse (US 1963)

President's Commission on Organised Crime (US)

Presley, Elvis

prices and profits

see also
money laundering

Burma

China

Far East

French Indo–China
passim

Hong Kong

India

Japan

Mexico

Pakistan

Peru

Philippines

Turkey, compensation paid to

USA

DEA statistics

world

prickly ash bark

Prince de Neufchatel
(clipper)

prisons

Prospero Alpino

prostitutes

protocols against drugs

protopine

prussic acid

pseudo-morphine

Pseudomonas putida M10
(bacterium)

psychotherapy for addicts

Pu Yi, Elizabeth (Empress Wan Jung)

Pu Yi, Henry (Emperor Hsuan Tung)

Public Health Service (US)

Puerto Rico/Ricans

Pullinger, Jackie

Punta Diamante

Purchas, Samuel

Purchas His Pilgrimage

Pure Food and Drugs Act (US 1906)

pyridine-phenanthrene alkaloids

Quakers

Joseph Rowntree

Quang, General Dang Van

racism

Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organisations (RICO) statute

Radiguet, Raymond

Rafsanjani, President Hashemi

Ragged Rag-Time Girls

Rajasthan

Randolph, John

Rangoon

Rattikone, General Ouane

Rattler
, HMS

Red Rover
(clipper)

Reed, Lou

Reid, Florence

Reid, Wallace

Revivon (M50/50)

Rhazes

rhoeadine

Richard, Keith

RICO statute

Rimbaud, Arthur

Rio Grande

Robinson, Sir George

Robiquet (chemist)

rock musicians

Rodriguez-Orejuela, Gilberto and Miguel

Rohmer, Sax (Arthur Ward)

Rolleston, Sir Henry/Rolleston Committee

Rollinat, Maurice

Rolling Stones (pop group)

Romania/ns

Romantic Revival

Rome

ancient

modern

Roosevelt, President

Rosal, Maurice

Rossetti, Dante Gabriel

Rousseau's Black Drops

‘Route 66' (song)

Rowntree, Joseph

Royal Commission on Opium in India (UK 1895)

Royal Laotian Army

Royal Navy

Rubens, Alma

Russell & Co.

Russell, Dr

History of Aleppo

Russia/ns

see also
USSR

addiction

and Afghanistan
bis

and Declaration of Basle

and Lebanon

Mafia-style gangs

money laundering

newcomers in drugs trade

Rustomjee, Heerjeebhoy and Dadabhoy

Rynd, Dr Francis

Sacra Corona Unita (Mafia)

Saigon

Chinese in

fall of

government corruption

smuggling through
bis

as Ho Chi Minh City

St George's Hospital (London)

St Mary's Hospital (London)

Sale of Poisons Bill (1857)

Salisbury, Lord

salt trade

Samarang
(ship)

San Francisco

San Francisco Evening Post

San Juan

Sandinista regime

Santiago

Sao Hpalang, General

Saudi Arabia

sawbwas
(Shan chiefs)

Schiaparelli Company

Schultz, Arthur ‘Dutch'

Scotland

Scott, Sir Walter

The Bride of Lammermoor

Scribonius Largus

Seattle

Sedgemoor

Seguin, Armand

‘Sur l'opium' (paper)

Selkirk, Alexander

Senegal

Seppings, Sir Robert

Serapion

Serbia

Serenity Knolis clinic

Serturner, Friedrich Wilhelm Adam

Service de Documentation Exterieure et du Contre-Espionage (SDECE)

Severus, Lucius Septimus

sex

effect of drugs on

linked with drugs by press

orgasmic effect of opium