Our One Common Country (45 page)

6.
from heathen darkness:
Rowland, vol. 1, p. 219.

6.
unfit for slavery:
Id.,
p. 212.

6.
“self-immolating devotion to duty”:
Varina Davis, vol., 2, p. 923.

6.
no place for reconciliation in his psyche: Id.,
pp. 11 and 80.

6.
“possible to treat of peace”:
Rowland, vol. 6, pp. 143–46.

6.
Casualties at Chancellorsville:
Livermore, p. 98.

6.
“What will the country say?”:
Noah Brooks,
Washington in Lincoln's Time
(New York: The Century Co., 1895) (“Brooks”), p. 7.

6.
Jacques in Richmond: James R. Gilmore,
Personal Recollections of Abraham Lincoln and the Civil War
(Boston: L. C. Page & Co., 1898) (“Gilmore,
Recollections
”), pp. 163–66 and 233; James D. Richardson, ed.,
A Compilation of Messages and Papers of the Confederacy, Including Diplomatic Correspondence 1861–1865,
2 vols. (Nashville: United States Publishing Company, 1905) (“Richardson”), vol. 2, pp. 664–70.

6.
Chickamauga casualties
:
Livermore,
Numbers and Losses,
p. 105.

6.
55,000 Northern casualties:
Id.,
pp. 110–116.

6.
Revolutionary War casualties:
John A. Shy,
A People Numerous and Armed: Reflections on the Military Struggle for American Independence
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1976), pp. 249–50.

6.
Lee's casualties: Livermore, pp. 110–15.

7.
“half wild” with letters:
Quoted in Rowland, vol. 10, p. 6.

 

CHAPTER 2

8.
Voting on the siege line:
New York Daily Tribune
, November 11, 1864.

8.
a margin of three to one:
McPherson, p. 179; Randall and Current, p. 261.

8.
“It is unnecessary to say”: New York Daily Tribune
, November 11, 1864.

9.
“the rebels”; “the other fellow”; “this great trouble”:
Noah Brooks and Michael Burlingame, ed.,
Lincoln Observed: Civil War Dispatches of Noah Brooks
(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998), pp. 44, 180, and 211.

9.
“brutes”; “hyenas”; “lost sheep”:
Dirck, pp. 172–73, 192–200, 210–19, and 226–40.

9.
issued a proclamation:
Abraham Lincoln and Roy B. Basler, ed.,
Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln
, 9 vols. (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1953–1955) (“
CW
”), vol. 7, pp. 431–32.

9.
We are fighting for the Union:
e.g., Charles H. Ambler,
Francis H. Pierpont
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1937) (“Ambler”), p. 258.

9.
he would look the other way:
Gideon Welles, “Lincoln and Johnson: Their Plan of Reconstruction and the Resumption of National Authority,” 13
Galaxy
(April 1872) (Welles, “Lincoln and Johnson”), p. 522; Carpenter, p. 284; Brooks,
Lincoln Observed
, p. 178; Allen Thorndike Rice,
Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln by Distinguished Men of His Time
(New York: North American Publishing Co., 1886) (“Rice”), pp. 97–98.

9.
The Jacobins: See Fawn Brodie,
Thaddeus Stevens
(New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1959) (“Brodie”), and Hans Trefousse,
The Radical Republicans: Lincoln's Vanguard for Racial Justice
(New York: Knopf, 1969).

9.
“as England governs India”:
Edward Bates and Howard K. Beale, ed.,
The Diary of Edward Bates
(Washington: US Government Printing Office, 1933), p. 383.

9.
“tolerably capable”:
Charles Francis Adams,
Diary of Charles Francis Adams, 1807–1886
(Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1964–1986), p. 115.

9.
“drawn a blank”; “ill-fitted both by education and nature”:
Michael Burlingame,
Abraham Lincoln: A Life,
2 vols. (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008) (“Burlingame”), vol. 1, pp. 76, 79, and 629.

10.
the “patent leather kid glove set”:
John Hay and Michael Burlingame, ed.,
At Lincoln's Side: John Hay's Civil War Correspondence and Selected Writings
(Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2000) (“Hay,
At Lincoln's Side”
), p. 111.

10.
“the punishment due to their crimes”:
Burton J. Hendrick,
Lincoln's War Cabinet
(Boston: Little, Brown, 1946) (“Hendrick,
Lincoln's War Cabinet
”), p. 440.

10.
“feasting and dancing”: Id.,
p. 278.

10.
Running his campaign: David H. Donald,
Lincoln
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995) (“Donald”), p. 532; Randall and Current, p. 237; McPherson, p. 169. Raymond also wrote Lincoln campaign literature. See Henry J. Raymond,
History of the Administration of President Abraham Lincoln
(New York: J. C. Derby and N. C. Miller, 1864).

10.
reduce its people to peonage: New York Times
, August 5, 1865.

10.
Governor Andrew on Lincoln: Randall and Current, p. 225.

11.
The Democrats and their views of Lincoln: e.g.
,
Brodie,
passim;
and
Congressional Globe,
January 6, 1865, pp. 150 and 154; January 8, 1865, p. 216; and January 11, 1865, p. 225.

11.
Horace Greeley: The biographies from which many of this book's references to Greeley are drawn are Mitchell Snay's
Horace Greeley and the Politics of Reform in
Nineteenth-Century America
(Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2011) (“Snay”); Robert C. Williams's
Horace Greeley: Champion of American Freedom
(New York: New York University Press, 2006) (“Williams”); and Glyndon G. Van Deusen's
Horace Greeley, Nineteenth-Century Crusader
(Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1953). Greeley's autobiography is
Recollections of a Busy Life: Reminiscences of American Politics and Politicians
(New York: H. B. Ford and Co., 1868) (“Greeley,
Recollections
”).

11.
“drive Lincoln into it”:
Donald, p. 414.

11.
“Go west, young man”:
Josiah Bushnell Grinnell,
Men and Events of Forty Years
(Boston: D. Lothrop Company, 1891), p. 86.

11.
wary respect for his power:
See, e.g.
,
Carpenter, p. 153; Williams, p. 254.

11.
Pigeonhole desk slots: Brooks,
Washington in Lincoln's Time
, p. 264.

11.
an amused admirer:
C. W. Holden, “Horace Greeley,” 3
Holden's Dollar Magazine
(January 1849), p. 34.

12.
for wildly erratic reasons:
See, e.g., McPherson, pp. 169–70 and 173–74.

12.
Greeley's Niagara Falls peace offensive and its fallout: See Randall and Current, pp. 158–165; and Williams, pp. 251–55. A Confederate participant's account is in Rowland, vol. 7, pp. 327–31. Hay's account is in John Hay and Michael Burlingame and John R. Turner Ettlinger, eds.
Inside Lincoln's White House: The Complete Civil War Diary of John Hay
(Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1997) (“Hay Diary”), pp. 224–29. Lincoln's letter to Greeley is in
CW
, vol. 7, p. 435.

12.
as Davis would tacitly confess:
Jefferson Davis,
The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government
, 2 vols. (D. Appleton and Co., 1881) (“Davis,
Rise and Fall
”), vol. 2, p. 611. See Williams, pp. 171–72 and 249–50; Lynda Lasswell Crist, ed.,
The Papers of Jefferson Davis
, 12 vols. (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2003) (“Crist”), vol. 11, pp. 24–30; Randall and Current,
Lincoln
, p. 161.

12.
“To Whom It May Concern”: CW,
vol. 8, p. 63.

13.
he had thought it astute; Rebels released it to the press:
Donald, pp. 366, 423, 502, 532 and 568; Escott, pp. 130–31.

13.
The letter's repercussions:
Id.,
pp. 523–24; McPherson, pp. 172–76.

13.
a writer friend of Greeley's:
Williams, p. 256.

13.
Gilmore and Jacques with Davis: Gilmore describes the mission in James R. Gilmore, “Our Visit to Richmond,” 14
Atlantic Monthly
(September 1864) (“Gilmore, ‘Visit to Richmond,' ”), pp. 372–83, in “A Suppressed Chapter of History,” 59
Atlantic Monthly
(April 1887), pp. 435–47, and in “Our Last Day in Dixie,” 14
Atlantic Monthly
(December 1864), pp. 715–26. Davis tells the story, consistently with Gilmore's, in Davis,
Rise and Fall
, pp. 610–11, Judah Benjamin's rendition is in
Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion
, 30 vols. (Washington: US Government Printing Office, 1894–1922), ser. 2, vol. 3, pp. 1190–95.

13.
Atlantic Monthly
article: Gilmore, “Visit to Richmond”; McPherson, pp. 174–75.

 

CHAPTER 3

This chapter draws on Walter Stahr,
Seward: Lincoln's Indispensable Man
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2012) (“Stahr”); Glyndon G. Van Deusen's
William Henry Seward
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1967) (“Van Deusen”); and Doris Kearns
Goodwin,
Team of Rivals
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005) (“Goodwin”), which contributes depth on Seward's relationship with Lincoln. The insights of Seward's rival, Lincoln's Secretary of the Navy, Gideon Welles, are in Gideon Welles,
Lincoln and Seward
(New York: Sheldon & Company, 1874) (“Welles,
Lincoln and Seward
”
).

14.
Henry Adams on Seward: Henry Adams,
The Education of Henry Adams
(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1918) (“Adams”), pp. 103–04. For more on Seward's appearance, see “Brooks,
Lincoln Observed
”
), p. 46. Brooks says Lincoln always called Seward “governor,”
Id.,
p. 85.

14.
Seward hated slavery “and all its belongings”:
Greeley,
Recollections,
p. 311.

14.
refused to extradite . . . three black seamen:
Stahr, p. 65.

14.
“garbage and putrefaction”: Congressional Globe,
June 13, 1856, pp. 1401–02.

14.
“a degradation to name”
:
Quoted in Bruce Chadwick,
1858: Abraham Lincoln, Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee, Ulysses S. Grant and the War They Failed to See
(Naperville, IL: Sourcebooks, 2008), (“Chadwick”) p. 189.

15.
“I thought you must be an Episcopalian”:
Brooks,
Washington in Lincoln's Time,
p. 50.

15.
Underground Railroad:
Stahr, p. 154.

15.
his suits were said to be twenty years old: Id.,
p. 200. A Lincoln aide was amused to see Seward enter the president's office “with the knot of his cravat nearly under his left ear and carrying an unlighted cigar . . . ,” Stoddard, p. 83.

15.
beguiled like everyone else:
Chadwick, p. 186.

15.
raise his hat to tourist
s
:
Van Deusen, p. 335.

15.
called him
très sage: Hay Diary, p. 127.

15.
“Hopelessly lawless”:
Quoted in Stahr, p. 213.

15.
damp feet by the fire:
Van Deusen, pp. 260–61.

16.
recipe for poaching a codfish:
Hay Diary, p. 211.

16.
Thurlow Weed: e.g., Hendrick,
Lincoln's War Cabinet,
pp. 17 and 132–33.

16.
Seward shared him with Lincoln:
e.g., Gideon Welles and Howard K. Beale and Alan W. Brownsword, eds.,
Diary of Gideon Welles, Secretary of the Navy Under Lincoln and Johnson,
3 vols. (Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1911) (“Welles Diary”), vol. 2, pp. 171–72; Hay Diary, p. 234; Donald, p. 366.

16.
“get a feller to run you”:
Hay Diary, p. 26; Van Deusen, pp. 338–39.

16.
“I could fill a volume”:
Welles,
Lincoln and Seward,
p. 68.

16.
“a wolf in sheep's clothing”:
Varina Davis, vol. 1, p. 431.

16.
“heartily liking him”; “Your man out-talked ours”: Id.,
vol. 1, pp. 574–83.

17.
Seward averted a duel between Davis and Chandler: Stahr, p. 174.

17.
Even Davis showed him sympathy:
Id.,
p. 195.

17.
Seward's humiliation: Hendrick,
Lincoln's War Cabinet,
p. 30.

17.
South Carolina would rescue New York:
New York Times,
December 24, 1860.

17.
to a fully assembled Senate:
Hendrick,
Lincoln's War Cabinet,
pp. 143–44; Welles,
Lincoln and Seward,
p. 14.