Our One Common Country (56 page)

197.
Even before the war; Lincoln had supported:
Stahr, pp. 125-26; Escott, pp. 34-35, 55, 60, and 96-97.

199.
“We shall leave here on steamer
River Queen”:
OR,
ser. 1, v. 46, pt. 2, p. 360.

199.
“The President directs me to say”: Id.

199.
The
River Queen
parted gently: Id.; Philadelphia Inquirer,
February 6, 1865;
New York Herald,
February 5, 1865.

199.
The faster
Thomas Collyer
followed: New York Herald,
February 5, 1865.

199.
“with gravity and without levity”:
Campbell,
Reminiscences,
p. 5.

199.
“Keep the champagne! Return the Negro!”:
Neill, p. 333;
New York Herald,
February 10, 1865.

 

CHAPTER 19

202.
The River Queen docked:
Toews, pp. 23 and 45 n. 25;
Philadelphia Inquirer,
February 6, 1865. See
OR
, ser. 1, v. 46, pt. 2, p. 360.

202.
Lincoln and Seward rebuffed a crowd of newspapermen:
Sandburg, vol. 6, pp. 46–47.

202.
The crew had spread the word: New York Times,
February 5, 1865.

202.
The B&O Railroad supplied a private car:
Toews, p. 23.

202.
fifty years' pay for a major:
Mark M. Boatner,
The Civil War Dictionary
(New York: D. McKay Co., 1959), p. 624.

202.
The attempted bribe: Bates, pp. 340–42; Sandburg, vol. 6, p. 47.

202.
adorned with books and engravings
:
Stahr, p. 265.

202–203.
All contrary rumors were false: Philadelphia Inquirer,
February 6, 1865.

203.
The stock market rose: New York Times,
February 6 and 7, 1865;
New York Daily Tribune,
February 6, 1865.

203.
As soon as he was free of Lincoln and Seward:
Flower, p. 258.

203.
A company of “colored cavalry”: New York Times,
February 8, 1865.

203.
William Sharp; Lieutenant Levy: W. B. Judkins, Memoir 1907, www.mindspring.com/~jcherepy/memoir/judkins.txt (“Judkins”), pp. 87–88.

203.
Thaddeus Stevens assured his fellow Jacobins: Congressional Globe,
February 4, 1865, p. 596.

203.
As Sunset Cox had promised:
Cox,
Three Decades,
pp. 335–36.

203.
in the same tent:
Randall and Current, pp. 337–38.

203.
so was Horace Greeley: New York Daily Tribune,
February 7, 1865; McPherson, p. 183.

203.
Ebon C. Ingersoll: New York Times,
February 5, 1865.

203.
Seward wrote home:
Seward,
Seward at Washington,
vol. 2, p. 261.

204.
He and Seward described their encounter:
Welles Diary, vol. 2, p. 236.

204.
“
I have not brought back peace in a lump
”
:
Burlingame, p. 759.

204.
Stanton's wire to Grant:
OR,
ser. 1, v. 46, pt. 2, p. 365.

204.
Grant's reply to Stanton:
Id.

204.
Captured in the fall of Port Hudson:
Avary,
Recollections,
p. 141.

204.
Nothing good could come of this:
John Stephens's liberation is recounted by his descendant Robert Stephens in “An Incident of Friendship,” 45
Lincoln Herald
(June 1943) (“Robert Stephens”), pp. 18–21. See also Sandburg, vol. 6, p. 51.

205.
Lincoln's wire to the commandant:
CW,
vol. 8, p. 259.

205.
a second father to John:
Their relationship is described in Schott, pp. 154, 175, 212–13, 447, and 468; Avary,
Recollections,
pp. 82–83; and Von Abele, pp. 156 and 314.

205.
Beecher's letter to Lincoln: Lincoln Papers, Library of Congress;
CW,
p. 318 n. 1.

206.
commiserating with Grant: OR,
ser. 1, v. 46, pt. 2, p. 361; Stephens,
CV,
vol. 2, p. 619.

206.
He would approve a universal exchange: Id.;
Porter,
Grant,
p. 384.

206.
but could not secure his freedom:
Pryor,
Reminiscences,
p. 329; Sandburg, vol. 6, p. 130.

206.
The commissioners left City Point:
Grant's Papers, vol. 13, pp. 346–47.

206.
“prudent enough not to talk much about it”:
Porter,
Grant
, p. 385.

206.
It was still in progress now: New York Times
, February 8, 1865.

206.
“an intense feeling of insubordination”
:
Crist, vol. 11, 386 n. 3.

206.
more than two hundred men would desert”: Id.

206.
to brief Jefferson Davis and Judah Benjamin:
Kean, p. 194; Stephens,
CV,
vol. 2, p. 621.

206.
“everybody was very much disappointed”:
Stephens,
CV,
vol. 2, p. 619.

206.
“the suicidal folly”; Davis concurred, and accused Mr. Lincoln:
Mallory, vol. 2, p. 208.

207.
If Davis was right; He might be heard from again
:
Stephens,
CV,
vol. 2, p. 621.

207.
“with the air of a sage”:
Campbell, “Open Letters,” p. 952; Campbell to Nathan Clifford, August 1, 1865, Johnson Papers, Library of Congress.

207.
“probably fallen into a trap”:
Davis, “Peace Conference,” p. 68.

208.
Stephens protested:
Stephens,
CV
, vol. 2, p. 622; Rowland, vol. 7, p. 61; Cleveland, p. 199.

208.
“entire change of their social fabric”; “more determined than ever”:
Stephens,
CV,
vol. 2, pp. 622–23.

208.
“whether negotiations were possible”:
Crist, vol. 11, p. 389.

208.
he was “bitterly hostile”:
Mallory, vol. 2, pp. 208–09.

209.
“any dolt whose blunders”:
Rowland, vol. 7, p. 65.

209.
The commissioners would have had to “conceal” them
: Id.,
p. 61.

209.
a Yankee plan to “encourage treason”: Id.,
vol. 9, p. 603.

209.
Judge Campbell unburdened himself:
Jones, vol. 2, p. 410.

209.
“a dead man galvanized”: Id.,
vol. 2, p. 312.

209.
a reasonable arrangement to free the slaves:
Campbell, “Open Letters,” p. 952.

209.
Hubbell and his friends awaited the newspaper eagerly:
Hubbell Diary, p. 68.

209.
“There is nothing left us but to fight it out”:
David E. Johnston,
The Story of a Confederate Boy in the Civil War
(Portland, OR: Glass & Prudhomme Co., 1914), p. 302.

210.
“Most of us have fought our last battle”:
Crist, vol. 11, p. 376.

210.
Richmond's Sunday morning was clear and cold:
Jones, vol. 2, p. 409.

210.
Judge Campbell composed the commissioners' report:
Campbell,
Reminiscences,
pp. 5–6.

210.
Hunter and Stephens endorsed it, and a messenger brought it to Davis: Id.;
Kean, pp. 197–98 and 202.

210.
just a stark recitation:
The report is in Davis,
Rise and Fall
, vol. 2, pp. 619–20, and in Pollard, p. 466.

211.
Davis was not satisfied:
Kean, p. 202.

211.
so as not to damage him politically: Augusta Chronicle and Sentinel, in New York Times, June 26, 1865.

211.
He pressed them again to embellish their report:
Kean, p. 202.

211.
“their failure and the reasons for it”:
Crist, vol. 11, 379 n. 3.

211.
Senator William Graham:
Graham, pp. 229 and 239.

 

CHAPTER 20

212.
Now he spent the Sabbath:
Nicolay and Hay, vol. 10, p. 133.

212.
Sometime that day:
Mark D. Katz,
Witness to an Era: The Life and Photographs of Alexander Gardner
(New York: Viking Press, 1991), pp. 111 and 128.

212.
Almost all of his photographs:
Braden, p. 105.

212.
invitations to his Cabinet to assemble:
Francis Fessenden,
Life and Public Service of William Pitt Fessenden
, 2 vols. (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1907) (“Fessenden”), vol. 2, p. 8.

212.
Seward did not attend:
Michael Burlingame, ed.,
An Oral History of Abraham Lincoln: John G, Nicolay's Interviews and Essays
(Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1996) (“Nicolay”), p. 66.

212.
gaslight chandelier:
See Goodwin, plates 38 and 41.

212.
Lincoln's draft message and the Cabinet meeting: Lincoln Papers, Library of Congress;
CW,
vol. 8, pp. 260–61; Nicolay and Hay, vol. 10, pp. 133–36; Nicolay, pp. 65–66; Welles Diary, vol. 2, p. 237; Fessenden, pp. 7–8; Rice, p. 98.

213.
he wrote a note to posterity: CW,
vol. 8, p. 261.

214.
Gideon
Welles told his diary:
Welles Diary, vol. 2, p. 237.

214.
It had taken Stanton by surprise:
Thomas and Hyman, pp. 347–48.

214.
“and there I agree with him”:
Pierce, vol. 4, p. 206.

214.
“Querulous and angular”:
Welles Diary, vol. 2, pp. 239–40.

214.
Fessenden's exchange with Davis: Quoted in Frank H. Alfriend,
The Life of Jefferson Davis
(Cincinnati: Caxton Publishing House, 1868), pp. 106–07.

214.
“It was evident”:
Fessenden, pp. 7–8.

214.
Congress never heard:
Nicolay and Hay, vol. 10, p. 137.

215.
No one had broken the news to her:
Douglas, pp. 325–27.

215.
“among the first of those martyrs”:
Pryor,
Reminiscences,
pp. 320 and 326.

215.
Lieutenant Stephens's encounter with Lincoln: Robert Stephens, p. 20.

215.
According to Sunset Cox:
Cox,
Three Decades,
p. 334.

216.
He offered a resolution: Congressional Globe,
February 6, pp. 617–18.

216.
“furious in their opposition”:
Cox,
Three Decades,
p. 335.

216.
Before he set sail:
Foote,
War of the Rebellion,
pp. 396–405.

216.
“He was on picket duty”:
Judkins, p. 88.

216.
“compelled to retrace his steps”:
Meade, p. 261.

216.
An accompanying message of his own:
Journal of the Congress, vol. 7, p. 545.

216.
It was moved in the Senate: New York Herald,
February 10, 1865.

217.
“quite within the decency”: Richmond Enquirer,
February 6, 1865, reprinted in
New York Times,
February 10, 1865.

217.
“which disposed of” any question of peace: OR,
ser. 1, v. 46, pt. 2, p. 1208

217.
“no one could have been more chagrined”:
Avary,
Recollections,
p. 375.

217.
The day was set aside:
Pollard, p. 469.

217.
Grant sent the news to Stanton: OR,
ser. 1, v. 46, pt. 2, p. 414.

217.
“what I believed to be impossible”:
Johnston and Browne, p. 486; see Stephens to Linton Stephens, February 18 and 23, 1865, Manhattanville Library.

217.
The scene in the African Church: Pollard, p. 469; Crist, vol. 11, pp. 382–83,
Richmond Dispatch,
February 7, 1865, reprinted in
Baltimore Sun,
February 11, 1865; and
Richmond Sentinel,
February 7, 1865, reprinted in
New York Times,
February 12, 1865; Rabun, pp. 292 and 319; Winik, p. 56.

218.
in an old gray suit:
Pollard, p. 471.

218.
William “Extra Billy” Smith:
John W. Bell,
Memoirs of Governor William Smith, of Virginia
(New York: The Moss Engraving Company, 1891), pp. 96 and 101.

218.
Extra Billy spoke first: Richmond Dispatch,
February 7, 1865, reprinted in
Baltimore Sun,
February 11, 1865; Pollard, pp. 471–72; Crist, vol. 11, pp. 382–88.

218.
Davis's speech: The speech is described, quoted, and critiqued by Stephens in
CV,
vol. 2, pp. 624–25 and in Avary,
Recollections,
p. 183; and generally in
Richmond Enquirer,
February 8, 1865;
Richmond Dispatch,
February 7, 1865, reprinted in
Baltimore Sun,
February 11, 1865; Pollard, pp. 471–72; and Crist, vol. 11, pp. 382–88.