Pain (49 page)

military service and,
14
,
15
–27,
44
,
47
,
58

policy toward in Carter era,
100
,
102
–6

policy toward in Eisenhower era,
6
,
7
,
17
,
57
,
100

policy toward in Kennedy era,
59
–60,
70

policy toward in Reagan era,
17
,
98
–102,
106
–28,
196

portrayals of persons with,
19
,
46
,
54
–56,
107
–8,
203
,
204

poverty and,
71

U.S. Congress and,
14
,
17
,
22
,
44
,
45
,
115
–22

of veterans,
15
–17,
23
,
25–27

veterans' groups and,
25
–26,
47
.
See also
Social Security disability insurance

disability studies,
66
,
219
–20n4

Disabled American Veterans (DAV),
25
,
47

DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide),
71
,
72
–75,
74
,
129

doctors.
See
physicians

doctor shopping,
5
,
170
,
181
,
198

Dodd, Christopher,
209

Dole, Bob,
119

Donahue, Wilma,
17

double effect, principle of,
147
–48,
156
,
157
,
167
,
207

drug companies.
See
pharmaceutical industry

Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA): Bush administration and,
188

Hurwitz and,
141
–42

Hyde-Nickles bill and,
160
–61

medical marijuana and,
181

PAS and,
151
–52

war on drugs and,
135

drug offenders, selective prosecution of,
176
–77

Drug Reform Coalition Network,
152
,
197

drugs.
See
medication; prescription drugs

Dubrow, Sara,
124
,
206

Eisenhower, Dwight: heart attack of,
32
,
69

SSDI and,
3
–4,
57

veterans'

benefits and,
16
,
17
,
23
–25,
26
–27,
44
–45

views on liberalism and conservatism,
28

elderly: arthritis and,
70
–76

disability benefit for,
27
,
45
,
48
,
229
n58

Eli Lilly and Oraflex,
174
–76,
179

end-of-life care: compassion and,
129
,
131
,
132
–35,
140
,
143
,
186
,
206

pain relief and,
134
–35,
144
–48,
150
,
156
–58,
182

Religious Right and,
162
–63

social disparities and,
171

Ervin, Frank,
30

ethnicity: African Americans and sickle cell disease,
68
–69

pain complaints and,
65
,
66
,
68
,
81
–84,
86
,
196

pain relief and,
194
–95

euthanasia: alternatives to,
37
,
140

Bowen and,
129
–30

fears of,
147
.
See also
Kevorkian, Jack; physician- assisted suicide

Fagerhaugh, Shizuko,
10

FDA.
See
Food and Drug Administration

Federalism,
150
,
206

Federal Trade Commission,
72

Federation of State Medical Boards,
200
–201

Ferrara, Peter,
99
–100

“fetal pain,”
6
,
9
,
123
–25,
128
,
134
,
140
,
150
,
160
,
165
,
167
,
196
,
205
–6,
208
,
209

Florida: Graves case in,
186
–87

Intractable Pain Treatment Act,
148

Limbaugh case in,
5
,
170
,
183
,
187
,
199

OxyContin in,
184
,
186

PAS in,
154

Purdue Pharma in,
189

Food and Drug Administration (FDA): deregulation and,
173
–78,
188
,
193

direct-to-consumer advertising and,
182
,
188

market surveillance and,
178
,
192

pain drugs and,
5
,
72
,
73
–75,
169
,
170
,
174
–78,
180
,
183

Fortune Cookie, The
(film),
202
,
212

Fountain, L. H.,
73

fraud: conservatism and,
1
–3,
7
,
9
,
100

liberalism and,
102
–8

overview of,
212
–13

of pain complaints,
1
–2,
9
,
93
–97

in pain relief,
70
–71

Reagan war on,
108
–15

Son of Sam as example of,
107
–8,
204

welfare,
98
,
101
,
104
.
See also
malingering

Freeman, Walter,
36
–37,
39

Frist, Bill,
163

Fungiello, Philip,
45

Galbraith, John Kenneth,
30

gate control theory,
77
–79,
80
,
85
–86,
87
,
91
,
95
,
207

gender,
60
–61,
65
,
126
,
195
–96.
See also
masculinity, social codes of

Glucksberg, Harold,
165

Glucksberg, William,
152
,
154

Glucksberg
case,
154
–55,
156
–57

Goffman, Erving,
49

Goldhammer, Alan,
115

Gonzales v. Oregon
,
163
–64

Grassley, Charles,
192
,
193
,
200

Graves, James,
186
–87

Greene, Leroy,
139
,
140

Grinker, Roy,
18

Griswold v. Connecticut
,
76

Gunther, John,
28

Haddox, J. David,
185
,
198

Halttunen, Karen,
68

Hampton, Oscar P.,
43

Hand, Learned,
62
–63,
68
,
93

Harkin, Tom,
197

Hatch, Orrin,
159
,
209

Heckler, Margaret,
112
–13,
116
,
125

Heinz, John,
119

Hempel, Eric,
117

heroin,
6
,
86
,
95
,
96
,
104
,
136
,
166
,
185
,
200

HEW (Department of Health, Education, and Welfare),
59
,
61
,
62
–63,
98
,
102
,
109
,
116

HHS (Department of Health and Human Services),
3
,
98
,
99
,
106
,
112
,
116
,
135
,
173
,
211
.
See also
Heckler, Margaret; Schweiker, Richard

Hill, Stratton,
136
–38,
143
,
148
,
165

Hooley, Darlene,
160

Hurwitz, William,
141
–43,
148

Hyde, Henry,
159
,
160

Hyde-Nickles bill,
160
–62

ibuprofen,
172
,
178

Institute of Medicine (IOM), studies by,
192
,
210
–12

insurers,
1
,
13
,
20
,
21
,
47
,
52
–53,
70
,
103
,
122
,
170
,
202

Internet pharmacies,
6
,
169
,
187

Iraq war,
193

Johnson, Lyndon Baines,
27
,
45
,
74
,
103
,
108

Jones, Lola,
179

Joranson, David,
153
–54,
162

Kalman, Laura,
111

Katz, Michael,
110

Kefauver, Estes,
32
,
172

Kelsey, Frances,
74
,
75

Kennedy, Edward,
104
,
193

Kennedy, John F.,
27
,
59
–60

Kennedy, Robert,
61

Kerner, Philip,
58
,
62

Kerner v. Flemming
,
232
n2

Kevorkian, Jack: legal battles of,
132
,
133
,
144
–48,
153

lethal injection by,
149

pain defense of,
132
,
144
–50

people helped to die by,
131
–32,
133

suicide machine of,
132
–33,
145
,
145

Kitzhaber, John,
143
,
151
,
162
,
165

Knapp, Miland,
21

Koop, C. Everett,
125

Korean War,
15
–16,
20

Koufax, Sandy,
69

Kudlow, Larry,
7

Kuhn, Hedwig,
43
–44

Lane, Charles,
113

Lasagna, Louis,
32
,
53

law-and-order approach,
198

learned helplessness,
96
,
108
–15,
207

learned pain syndrome,
96

Lee, Harper,
62

legal issues: class action suits,
101
–2,
119
,
121
,
123
,
189

constitutional right to relief,
131
,
133
,
135
,
150
,
151
–57

frivolous lawsuits,
117
,
179

medication risks and harms,
178
–79,
189
,
190
–91

power to judge suffering,
115
,
117
–23

prescribing for chronic pain,
141
–43

proof of pain,
115

purge of disability rolls,
98
,
99
–100,
110
–12,
113
,
121
–22

right to self-relief, and federalism,
150
–59

statutory standard for evaluation of pain,
121
,
123

tort law,
51
–52,
76
.
See also
courts; Supreme Court;
specific cases

Libby, Ronald,
187

liberalism: caricature of,
2
–4

of Clinton,
1
–2

compassion and,
2
,
110
,
124
,
144
,
152
,
165
,
168
,
204
,
206

conservative critique of,
3
–4,
54
,
56
,
62
,
96
,
97
–99,
101
,
105
,
111
,
124
,
158
,
201
,
203
,
204
,
210

disability and,
14
,
16
,
17
,
20
,
22
,
27
–28,
49
,
54
,
70
,
100
–101

of judicial system,
61
,
62
,
111
,
117
,
118
,
129
,
150
,
154

medical views on,
28
,
43
–44,
55
,
79
,
80
–81,
86
,
87
–95

Mill and,
11

pain and,
18
,
48
,
63
–64,
79
,
81
,
94
–95,
100
,
102
–8,
122
–23,
126
–29,
147
,
166
,
185
,
200

tensions within,
101
,
171
,
220
n6.
See also
Carter, Jimmy; Clinton, Bill

libertarian perspectives,
76
,
85
,
128
,
133
,
135
–36,
138
–39,
155
–56,
161
,
169
,
186
–87,
199
,
206

Limbaugh, Rush: admission of drug dependence by,
187