Pillar of Fire (128 page)

drunk in a bar: Int. Jack Pratt, March 25, 1991.

King delivered a speech: Int. Robert P. Moses, March 13, 1988. “King was neutral,” said Moses. “He wasn't taking Bayard's position.”

conflicted private advice: Int. Edwin King by Anne Romaine, Nov. 1966, A/AR.

“Moses could have been Socrates”: Burner,
Gently He Shall Lead
, p. 187.

people back home were counting on them: Int. Victoria Gray Adams, May 14, 1991.

“When they got through”: Dittmer,
Local People
, pp. 340-41.

“We didn't come”: Carson,
In Struggle
, p. 126; Mills,
This Little Light
, p. 132.

Reuther's bracing news: PDD, 10:00
A.M.
, 11:20 A.M., Aug. 26, 1964.

agreement by Martin Luther King: Young,
Easy Burden
, p. 310.

“vast bulk”: WP, Aug. 26, 1964, p. 1.

ducked three calls: PDD, Aug. 26, 1964.

spontaneous midday walk: Ibid. Goldman,
Tragedy
, pp. 249-50.

“One of them must now”: CBS Television,
The Making of the President 1964
, Tape No. 65043 PST, PEA.

“We're going to nominate your boy”: Humphrey,
The Education
, pp. 303-4.

scrambled the entire presidential entourage: Goldman,
Tragedy
, pp. 250-51.

a helicopter blade: Int. George Reedy, May 8, 1991.

unbroken wave of applause: Guthman,
We Band of Brothers
, p. 291; Schlesinger,
Robert Kennedy
, pp. 717-18.

“Party and nation”: CBS Television,
The Making of the President 1964
, Tape No. 65043 PST, PEA.

strongly suspected aides: Int. George Reedy, May 8, 1991.

“quit because Mr. Johnson”: NYT, Aug. 29, 1964, p. 6.

“I don't want to louse”: LBJ phone call with George Reedy, Aug. 30, 1964, Cit. 5270, Audiotape WH6408.42, LBJ. Reedy first despaired about the leak of his “resignation” in a phone call with LBJ, Aug. 26, 1964, Cit. 5243, Audiotape WH6408.40, LBJ.

Deke DeLoach applied successfully: DeLoach to Mohr, Aug. 29, 1964, cited in Church,
Hearings Before the Select Committee
, pp. 624-30. On the memo Hoover wrote, “DeLoach should receive a meritorious award.”

wearing black neck placards: Mills,
This Little Light
, p. 131.

Atlantic City a bitter turning point: Int. Robert P. Moses, Oct. 11, 1983, March 13, 1988, Feb. 15, 1991; also Dittmer,
Local People
, p. 362.

Hamer led farewell: Belfrage,
Freedom Summer
, pp. 255-56.

birthday celebration illuminated: Kasher,
Photographic History
, p. 158.

veered across the airfield: Miller,
Lyndon
, pp. 480-81; Graham,
Personal History
, pp. 360-67.

“We're going to Texas”: Humphrey,
The Education
, p. 305.

“I looked ridiculous”: Ibid., p. 307.

“Cousin Oriole, wake up!”: PDD, Aug. 28, 1964.

35. “W
E SEE THE GIANTS
…”

twenty-three Coca-Cola signs: Good,
Trouble I've Seen
, pp. 175-93.

“There's no crime in Georgia”: Ibid., p. 182.

Loretta Lackey sat mute: Rosen to Belmont, Sept. 2, 1964, FLP-261.

“Doctor, does that mean”: Good,
Trouble I've Seen
, p. 185.

“my mind is boiling”: Ibid., pp. 189-90.

preying carpetbaggers: SAC, Atlanta, to Director, Sept. 8, 1964, FLP-274, p. 4.

“Don't come back”: NYT, Sept. 5, 1964, pp. 1, 9.

acquitted the defendants: Jack Nelson, “Backlash and Black Power: A Reporter's Reflections,”
New South
, Winter 1967, p. 41.

state authorities aborted: Rosen to Belmont, Sept. 8, 1964, FLP-285.

“cost my good county”: H. C. Echols to Hoover, Oct. 17, 1964, FLP-341.

J. Edgar Hoover replied: Hoover to H. C. Echols, Oct. 21, 1964, FLP-342.

“telephonically advised”: Rosen to Belmont, Sept. 4, 1964, FLP-271.

notices on the Penn trial: Cf. Hoover instruction written on Atlanta teletype to Hoover dated Aug. 14, 1964, FLP-208.

“certain to raise speculation”: Katzenbach to LBJ, Sept. 4, 1964, Ex HU2/ST 24, Box 27, LBJ.

President had publicly forecast: PPP, press conference of Aug. 8, 1964.

audience with Pope Paul VI: Cf. Archbishop Paul Hallinan (Atlanta) to Cardinal Cicognani, Andrew Young telegram to Cicognani, Hallinan to MLK, and Hallinan to Archbishop Martin O'Connor (Rome), all Sept. 4, 1964, A/KP12f17.

income tax trial in 1960: Branch,
Parting
, pp. 293-99, 308-11.

represented Elijah Muhammad: Int. Chauncey Eskridge, Feb. 22, 1985.

recent marriage: Ali married Sonji Roi of Gary, Indiana, on Aug. 14, 1964. NYT, Aug. 15, 1964, p. 17.

“is keeping up with MLK”: Wiretap log reprinted in
United States v. Clay
, 430 F2d 165 (1970), p. 168.

Nearly five years later: Garrow,
FBI and Martin
, pp. 202, 282. On first discovery that Ali had been overheard on wiretaps, see NYT, Aug. 31, 1968, p. 21.

Hoover launched a crossfire: “Hoover Brands Negro Columnist as a ‘Racist,'”
Miami Herald
, June 25, 1969, p. 3; Rowan, “It Is Time for J. Edgar Hoover to Go,”
Washington Star
, June 15, 1969; Rowan,
Breaking the Barriers
, pp. 293-94; Hoover to Tolson, DeLoach, and Sullivan, June 24, 1964, FK-3613.

blamed the late Robert Kennedy: “Bobby Approved King Wiretap, FBI Says,”
Miami Herald
, June 19, 1969, p. 1.

banished Special Agent Nichols: Int. Robert Nichols, May 29, 1984.

“end of innocence”: Dittmer,
Local People
, p. 302.

“things could never be the same”: Sellers,
River of No Return
, p. 111.

“Well, I'll give fifty years”: Int. Robert P. Moses, Feb. 15, 1991.

“it never occurred to us”: Mary King,
Freedom Song
, pp. 344-45.

Lewis called it a blow: Carson,
In Struggle
, p. 127. Also Forman,
Black Revolutionaries
, pp. 395-96.

“Who holds the power?” (emphasis added): Sherrod newsletter of Oct. 12, 1964, Union Theological Seminary, A/CS5f8, pp. 10-11.

SNCC had grown: Forman,
Black Revolutionaries
, pp. 423-24.

144 far-flung field organizers: Minutes, Executive Committee, Sept. 4, 1964, A/SN6.

$165,000 in one New York: Minutes, Executive Committee, Sept. 5, 1964, A/SN6.

“the problem is deeper”: Minutes, Executive Committee, Sept. 4, 1964, A/SN6.

Moses faction and a Forman faction: Int. Robert P. Moses, Aug. 19, 1983, Feb. 15, 1991; int. Robert P. Moses by Joseph Sinsheimer, Dec. 5, 1984; Forman,
Black Revolutionaries
, pp. 411-33.

applications from more than a hundred: Minutes, Executive Committee, Sept. 5, 1964, p. 7, A/SN6.

guests for the Belafonte trip: Minutes, Executive Committee, Sept. 4, 1964, A/SN6.

eleven flew to Guinea: Ibid. Also Carson,
In Struggle
, p. 134; Neary,
Julian Bond
, p. 73.

Hamer's wide-eyed exclamations: Mills,
This Little Light
, pp. 134-36.

Belafonte rushed off: Ibid.; int. Harry Belafonte, March 6-7, 1985; Hampton,
Voices of Freedom
, pp. 204-6.

broke happily into tears: Jack O'Dell, “Like in Mississippi,”
Freedomways
, 2nd Quarter, 1965, pp. 234-35.

with Belafonte presiding: Int. John Lewis by Archie Allen, Sept. 24, 1969, AAP.

“I realized on this trip”: Forman,
Black Revolutionaries
, p. 409.

braided in cornrows: Mills,
This Little Light
, p. 137.

“sold about three million of you”: Int. Matthew Jones by Archie Allen, Nov. 9, 1969, AAP.

all but two went home early: Forman,
Black Revolutionaries
, p. 411.

SNCC-style tour: “The Trip,” report submitted by John Lewis and Donald Harris, Dec. 14, 1964, 14 pp., A/SC45f14.

Malcolm entranced them: Hampton,
Voices of Freedom
, p. 206; Carson,
In Struggle
, p. 135; int. John Lewis by Archie Allen, 1969, pp. 169-71, AAP.

Lewis visited the cabaret: Int. John Lewis by Archie Allen, Sept. 24, 1969, AAP.

press conference at Boston University: Tape recording and transcript of press conference, Sept. 11, 1964, BUK.

passed through the Berlin Wall: NYT, Sept. 13, 1964, p. 66;
Jet
, Sept. 24, 1964, p. 6.

“For the first time”: MLK Berlin sermon of Sept. 13, 1964, A/KS6.

“like grasshoppers”: Numbers 13:32-33.

Theological Seminary of Berlin: MLK to Bishop Otto Dibelius (thank-you letter), Sept. 28, 1964, A/KP12f3.

“It would be shocking indeed”: Baumgardner to Sullivan, Aug. 31, 1964, FK-450.

Malone notified headquarters: Baumgardner to Sullivan, Sept. 8, 1964, FK-452; U.S. House of Representatives,
Hearings Before the Select Committee on Assassinations
, vol. VII, p. 257.

“drastically watered down”: NYT, June 12, 1964, p. 1.

Behind closed doors: Vorgimler, ed.,
Commentary
, pp. 59-65; “AJC White Paper, 1964-65,” pp. 68-95, AJC; NYT, Sept. 4, 1964, p. 2.

“I am ready to go to Auschwitz”: Heschel statement of Sept. 3, 1964, IAD, AJC.

fn Soloveitchik rejected: NYT, Aug. 16, 1964, p. 7.

entreaties that he not go: Int. Sylvia Heschel, Feb. 4, 1991; int. Marc Tanenbaum, Feb. 5, 1991.

protection from Rabbi Louis Finkelstein: Louis Finkelstein, “Three Meetings with Abraham Heschel,”
America
, March 10, 1973, pp. 203-4.

plead face-to-face with Pope Paul VI: Moore,
Human and the Holy
, p. 13.

“
mostly
with words”: Vorgimler, ed.,
Commentary
, p. 105.

“
Magno cum dolore
”: Ibid., p. 83.

“all peoples will address”: NYT, Nov. 21, 1964, p. 9; int. John Oesterreicher, May 24, 1991.

“Who Crucified Christ?”: The
Jerusalem Times
, cited in Vorgimler, ed.,
Commentary
, p. 105.

SCLC office announced: “Martin Luther King to Meet with Pope Paul,” SCLC press release dated Sept. 16, 1964, by Barbara Suarez, A/KS.

“to determine if there”: Baumgardner to Sullivan, Sept. 17, 1964, FK-479, reprinted in U.S. House of Representatives,
Hearings Before the Select Committee on Assassinations
, vol. VII, pp. 257-58.

matched Hoover's longevity: Cf. “Monsignor Cicognani,”
Commonweal
, Jan. 5, 1934, pp. 269-70.

Paul VI greeted King:
Rome Daily American
, Sept. 19, 1964, FK-463; NYT, Sept. 19, 1964, p. 3.

“I am amazed”: Garrow,
FBI and Martin
, p. 121.

“a new and transparently disingenuous”: Garrow,
FBI and Martin
, pp. 120-21.

dropped plans to attend: Wachtel to “My dear Martin,” Oct. 2, 1964 (apologizing for failure to attend), A/KP25f27.

agents who knew Daddy King: Garrow,
FBI and Martin
, p. 120.

five hundred SCLC delegates: NYT, Sept. 30, 1964, p. 22.

“get program printed”: Handwritten item No. 9 in MLK convention list headed “C.T.,” A/KP31f8.

“send letter in my name”: Handwritten item No. 2 in MLK convention list headed “Andy Young,” A/KP31f8.

King himself issued: Handwritten “Executive Orders,” A/KP31f8.

receipts of $626,000: Garrow,
Bearing the Cross
, p. 353.

leaving behind a suit jacket: Ritz Hotel general manager to MLK, Sept. 22, 1964, A/SC1f20; log, Research Committee meeting, A/SC29.