Queen Anne: The Politics of Passion (121 page)

Philip V, King of Spain (
earlier
Duke of Anjou): succeeds to throne, 166–8; and French peace offers, 299, 418; refuses to renounce Spanish throne, 383–4; and 1711 peace proposals, 460; in line of succession to French throne, 472–4; proposal to give up Spanish or French throne, 473–4, 477; renounces claim to French throne, 477–8, 481, 486, 493; refuses to recognise Catalan privileges, 494, 510

Philips, Katherine, 55

Pitt, William, the Elder (1st Earl of Chatham), 493

Place Bill (1692), 142

Plessen, Christian von, 502

Pollexfen, Henry, 181

Portland, William Bentinck, 1st Earl of, 139, 154, 238, 241

Portsmouth, Louise de Keroualle, Duchess of, 24, 115

Portugal: and Peace of Utrecht, 493–4

Potter, John (
later
Bishop of Oxford;
then
Archbishop of Canterbury), 319, 327, 336

Poultney, Lady, 69

Pratt, Samuel, 145

Presbyterians: wariness of Union with England, 313

Pretender, the
see
James Francis Edward Stuart, Prince of Wales

Prior, Matthew, 450–1, 481

Privy Council, 215–16; powers at Anne’s death, 528–9

Protestantism: and religious differences, 19–20; persecuted in France, 64; and succession to throne, 164, 540; French refugees in Britain, 383;
see also
Church of England; dissenters

Pye, Lady, 173

Quebec, 443, 456

Queen Anne’s bounty, 263

Queensberry, James Douglas, 2nd Duke of, 213, 256–7, 265, 269, 282–3, 295, 312–15

Quesnoy, siege of (1712), 477

Radcliffe, Dr John, 139, 144, 146, 148, 150, 162, 441–2, 528

Rainsford, Anne, 390

Ramillies, Battle of (1706), 298–9

Read, William, 12

Regency Bill (1705), 291, 293

republicanism: as threat to William and Mary, 119

Restraining Order (to Ormonde), 474–5, 544

Review
(journal), 205

Rialton, Francis Godolphin, Viscount (
later
2nd Earl of Godolphin), 236

Rialton, Henrietta, Viscountess (
née
Churchill;
later
Duchess of Marlborough), 158, 239, 433, 436

Richardson, Mrs (midwife), 150

Richmond, Anne, Duchess of, 30

Richmond-upon-Thames, 74–5

Right, Claim of (Scotland), 174

Rights, Declaration (and Bill) of (1689), 110, 164, 190

Rivers, General Richard Savage, 4th Earl, 219–20, 395, 426, 456

Robethon, John, 453

Robinson, John, Bishop of London, 475, 528

Roche sur Yon, Prince de la, 40

Rochester, Henrietta, Countess of, 60

Rochester, Laurence Hyde, 1st Earl of: earldom, 10; kinship with Anne, 10; insists on Anne appointing Lady Clarendon as First Lady of Bedchamber, 47; and appointment of Sarah Churchill to Anne’s household, 49; as Lord Treasurer, 58; and Anne’s debts, 60; loses position, 73; as non-supporter of war, 202–3; influence, 207; political aims, 208; on ministerial responsibility, 219; opposes Occasional Conformity, 248, 274; resigns, 252; suspected of intrigue with Buckingham, 279; in debate on condition of Church, 294; in debate on Union with Scotland, 316; Anne disfavours, 336; criticises Marlborough’s conduct of war, 336; supports Anne in resisting dismissal of Abigail, 399; weeps at Sacheverell’s speech, 403; Harley appoints to government post, 422–3; and North American imperial ambitions, 443; death, 446

Rooke, Admiral Sir George, 273–4

Royal Navy: Prince George’s rank and interest in, 185–6, 367; war operations, 196, 334; Whig attacks on, 335, 366–7

Rupert, Prince of the Rhine, 34, 36–7

Russell, Edward
see
Orford, Earl of

Russell, Lady Rachel, 54, 72, 113, 161

Russell, William, Lord, 43

Ryswick, Treaty of (1697), 154, 494

Sacheverell, Henry: sermon and trial, 239, 393–4, 401–5, 424; Anne declines preferment, 496

St Albans, 125, 138, 146, 164

St Amand, James (‘Berry’), 166, 171

St James’s Palace, 30, 152, 156, 232, 454

St James’s Park, 237

St John, Henry
see
Bolingbroke, 1st Viscount

St Paul’s Cathedral, 249, 294

Santlow, Hester, 229

Saunière de l’Hermitage, René de
see
l’Hermitage, René Saunière de

Savoy, Eugene, Prince of
see
Eugene

Savoy, Henrietta Anne, Duchess of, 164, 473

Savoy, Victor Amadeus, Duke of, 473, 481

Scarborough, Sir Charles, 86, 146

Scarsdale, Robert Leslie, 3rd Earl of, 82, 95

Schism Act (1714), 180, 517–18, 541

Schutz, Georg von, 211, 289, 503, 505, 512, 513

Scotland: James II suspends Test Act in, 75; episcopy abolished, 118; Anne takes Coronation oath, 174; differences with England over succession, 211–12, 256–7, 266, 269, 283; proposed Union with England, 212–14, 256, 283–4, 296; Sarah Marlborough’s concern for, 256–7; and Act of Security, 257, 269–70, 277, 314; supposed Jacobite plot (1704), 264–6, 269; Anne hopes to settle crown on Sophia of Hanover, 269; commissioners negotiate treaty of Union, 296–7; malt tax, 297; representation in Westminster Parliament, 297; terms of treaty of Union, 297–8, 312; popular aversion to Union, 313–14, 317, 344; Parliament votes on Union, 314–15; supposed bribery payments over Union, 315; Union treaty ratified, 315–16; and payment of ‘Equivalent’, 317; Privy Council abolished, 338; Pretender attempts invasion with French (1708), 343–5; treason laws altered, 346; demands dissolution of Union, 497

scrofula: touching for, 226–8

Seafield, James Ogilvy, 1st Earl of, 264, 283

Security, Acts of (Scotland): (1703), 257, 269–70, 277; (1706), 314

Settlement, Act of (1701), 165–6, 192, 251, 492, 495, 505–6

Seven Bishops: trial (1688), 88, 90

Seymour, Sir Edward, 198, 207, 266, 271

Shadwell, Dr Sir John, 443, 501, 526

Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of, 15, 31, 33

Shaftesbury, Margaret, Countess of, 54

Sharp, John, Archbishop of York: attacks Catholics, 65; Coronation sermon, 180, 188, 193, 224; takes abjuration oath, 201; and Anne’s Church preferments, 224–6, 334; as Queen’s almoner, 224–5; and Anne’s touching for scrofula, 227; and Anne’s devoutness, 232; and Anne’s support for
Occasional Conformity bill, 248; preaches after great storm, 261; and Anne’s opposition to inviting Sophia to England, 289; and Anne’s resistance to Whigs, 334; and Anne’s relations with Abigail, 363; and Anne’s grief at George’s death, 372; death, 511; and Anne’s commitment to Protestant Succession, 540

Shrewsbury, Charles Talbot, 12th Earl (
later
Duke) of: and Anne’s allowance, 117; visits Anne socially, 141; protests at William’s government appointments, 191–2; declines appointment as Master of Horse, 207; sends Italian architect to design new Whitehall palace, 233; Anne appoints to government, 408–10; alliance with Harley, 417; accepts dismissal of Godolphin, 419; dispute with Godolphin, 420; Gaultier reports on, 428–30; on security after Guiscard’s knife attack, 440; and peace negotiations with France (1711), 444–5, 451–2; silence in debate on 1711 peace proposals, 462; as ambassador to France, 488; chides Oxford for unpunctuality, 500; proposes proclamation against Pretender, 518; appointed Lord Treasurer, 527

Sinzendorf, Philipp Ludwig, Count, 487

Sion House: Anne leases and occupies, 132–5, 138

slave trade, 450, 520, 539

Sloane, Dr Hans, 443

Smallridge, Professor George (
later
Bishop of Bristol), 319, 327

Solesmes, 475

Somers, John, Baron: and Anne’s allowance, 117; Tories impeach, 192; in Whig Junto, 194; removed from Privy Council, 207; dismissed from Commission of Peace, 208; on Union with Scotland, 277; and ecclesiastical preferments, 318–20, 336; Harley disparages, 321; on war in Spain, 337; Anne opposes promotion, 349–51, 367; appointed Lord President, 373, 376–7; difficult relations with Godolphin, 376–7; gains favour with Anne, 376, 380; intercedes with Anne for Marlborough, 396–7; and proposed dismissal of Abigail, 398; mistrusts Godolphin and Marlborough, 408; and appointment of Dartmouth as Secretary of State, 414; and Sunderland’s dismissal, 415; negotiates with Harley, 418; and French withdrawal from Geertrudenberg peace talks, 419; disillusion with Harley, 422; Anne dismisses but maintains esteem for, 423; Anne consults over political appointments, 438; and peace negotiations (1711), 458

Somerset, Charles Seymour, 6th Duke of: appointed Master of Horse, 207; as commissioner for Union negotiations with Scotland, 214; and Anne’s ecclesiastical appointments, 336; objects to Harley, 341; supports Anne against Marlborough, 398; offers to escort Anne home, 403; differences with Anne, 404–5; arrogance, 405, 411; cooperates with Harley, 410–11, 417, 458; claims authority over Commons, 422; retains office in 1719 government, 424; opposes peace settlement, 458, 462; reads Bothmer’s memorial, 461; threatened with dismissal, 463, 469; and proposed award to Hamilton, 464; serves on Privy Council at Anne’s death, 528; proposes to Sarah Marlborough, 536

Somerset, Elizabeth, Duchess of: as Lady of Bedchamber, 239; and Anne’s estrangement from Sarah, 351, 380; as Anne’s confidante, 380, 442; replaces Sarah as Groom of Stole, 437, 463; shows Bothmer’s memorial to Anne, 461; Anne’s fondness for, 463–4, 484; Swift attacks, 463–4; retained in office, 469; and Abigail’s influence on Anne, 484; Oxford seeks help from, 517; attends dying Anne, 528; benefits from Anne’s death, 530; as chief mourner at Anne’s funeral, 531

Sophia, Electress of Hanover: and succession to English throne, 5, 34, 36, 45, 165–6, 177, 182, 209, 291; and English women’s politicisation, 199; letter of friendship from Anne, 209; on Tory ascendancy in England, 209; Anne fails to make financial aid to, 210, 490; Anne opposes settling in England, 210, 288–90, 292–3, 359; Nottingham’s mission to, 210–11; status, 211; Anne attempts to settle Scottish crown on, 269; on award of English honours, 293; on Harley’s change of government, 427; criticises Anne’s gift to grandson’s daughter, 448; and Anne’s withholding of pay for Hanoverian troops, 489; on effects of Treaty of Utrecht, 494; Oxford offers Civil List pension to, 510; on grandson’s not receiving invitation to attend British Parliament, 512; death, 515; letter from Anne objecting to demands to settle Hanoverian in England, 515; shocked by Marlborough’s view of Anne, 542

Sophia Dorothea of Celle, 36–7

South Sea Bill and Act (1711), 445–6

South Sea Company, 446, 519–20, 539

Southwell, Sir Robert, 173, 193

Spain: succession to Carlos II, 166, 257; allied campaign in, 219–20, 284, 299, 334, 336–8, 429–30, 539; and peace terms, 383–4, 450, 478; and grant of Asiento to Britain, 450, 478, 494, 519; and Anne’s Restraining Order to Ormonde, 474; and Peace of Utrecht, 493; trade agreement with Britain, 519–20

Spanish Netherlands, 167–8

Spanish Succession, War of (1701–13): causes, 167; costs, 195–6, 382, 415; and party differences, 196–7; outbreak, 203; conduct of, 217, 249, 298, 334; Anne’s policy on, 219–20; growing unpopularity, 382–3; ends, 494–6; and Britain’s rise to power, 537

Spectator, The
(journal), 199

Spencer, Lady Anne, 67–8

Stair, John Dalrymple, 1st Earl of, 190, 315, 455, 508

Stanhope, General James, 1st Earl, 402, 429, 487, 529

Stawell, William, 3rd Baron, 244

Steele, Sir Richard, 539–40;
The Crisis
, 510

Stepney, George, 218

Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, 3rd Earl of, 456–7

Stroud, Ellen, 3

Stubbs, Samuel, 532

Sunderland, Anne, Countess of (
née
Churchill), 158, 239, 433

Sunderland, Anne, Countess of (
née
Spencer), 54, 67–8, 70, 77, 85, 127

Sunderland, Charles Spencer, 3rd Earl of: in Whig Junto, 194; blamed for Almanza defeat, 219; as ambassador to Vienna, 221, 281; opposes financial settlement for Prince George, 251–2; Godolphin proposes for Secretary of State, 301–4, 306–7, 310–11, 318; appointed Secretary of State, 311–12, 352; threatens attack on Admiralty, 320; Harley disparages to Anne, 321; angered by Anne’s clemency towards Griffin, 346; intrigues to strengthen Whigs in Parliament, 352–3; rudeness to Anne, 352; Anne threatens to dismiss, 357, 359; welcomes Prince George’s death, 373; supports dismissal of Abigail, 398, 412; warns Anne of riots during Sacheverell trial, 403; dismissal, 412–16, 420; in debate on 1711 peace proposals, 462; and Marlborough’s plot to invade England, 487; on Treaty of Utrecht, 495

Sunderland, Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of: daughter Anne appointed to Anne’s household, 67–8; Catholicism, 73, 75; rise to power, 73; Anne’s dislike of, 74; attempts reconciliation between Anne and William and Mary, 147, 149; praises Anne’s first speech to Parliament, 175

Supremacy, Act of (1534), 65

Swift, Jonathan: on Anne’s preoccupation with etiquette, 11; on Prince George, 186; on party divisions, 198; on Anne’s antipathy to Whigs, 199; on popularity of opera, 229; attends Anne’s Drawing Room, 230–1; on Anne’s hunting from chaise, 235; praises Abigail, 322; on Marlborough’s relations with Godolphin, 338; on Sunderland’s rudeness to Anne, 352; on Somers’ relations with Anne, 376; on Marlborough’s requesting Captain-Generalcy for life, 378; on effect of war, 383; on Anne’s secret meetings with Harley, 407; on Harley’s position in government, 421; on losses in Spain, 429; employed by Harley, 431–2; on Duchess of Somerset, 437; and St John’s womanising, 439; on Anne’s infirmity, 441; on Anne’s physicians, 442; on Arbuthnot, 442; on absence of Harley from Parliament, 443; on national financial situation, 445; on unchanging ministerial posts, 446; on Anne’s contempt for Pretender, 448, 493; on peace proposals (1711), 458, 460, 463; Anne blocks advancement, 464, 482; on ousting of Marlborough, 468; fear of assault by Mohock gangs, 471; on Oxford’s statements on peace proposals, 477; on St John’s poor relations with Anne, 480; on Oxford’s unpunctuality, 483; on Abigail Masham’s influence, 484–5; on postponement of Parliament (1713), 489, 495; appointed Dean of St Patrick’s Cathedral, Dublin, 500; on disorder in London, 500; and Oxford’s reaction to Anne’s illness, 502; and Oxford’s decline of power, 509; and Oxford’s defensive actions, 519; consoles Abigail Masham at Anne’s death, 533; Sarah Marlborough praises, 536; on Anne’s political partiality, 538;
The Conduct of the Allies
, 460–1;
Gulliver’s Travels
, 536;
The Windsor Prophecy
, 464