Real War (49 page)

A book speaks with its author's voice, but is the product of many hands. The views expressed on the complex and controversial issues discussed in this volume are my own and are not necessarily shared by those who assisted me in preparing the manuscript. But many did help, and any listing can only be partial.

For their help in producing and keeping track of the manuscript, I want to thank my long-time associates Rose Mary Woods and Loie Gaunt, and also Marnie Pavlick and Cathy Price.

Many friends and associates offered information, ideas and counsel; four whose help on the book was especially extensive were former ambassador to NATO Robert Ellsworth; Lt. Gen. Vernon G. Walters, formerly deputy director of the CIA; Dr. William L. Van Cleave, director of the University of Southern California's Defense and Strategic Studies Program; and John Lehman, formerly a senior member of
my National Security Council staff. Two recent graduates of Harvard College and the Harvard Business School, respectively, Hugh Hewitt and Todd Leventhal, worked with me for many months on the project, and provided enormously useful research and editorial assistance. Raymond Price, formerly chief of my White House speech staff, helped me throughout the project as my principal editorial coordinator. His encouragement and wise counsel were indispensable elements in enabling me to produce the final manuscript.

—R.N.

Also by Richard Nixon

Beyond Peace

Seize the Moment

In the Arena

1999: Victory Without War

Real Peace

No More Vietnams

Leaders

RN: The Memoirs of Richard Nixon

Six Crises

Acheson, Dean,
254
,
296
–97,
300

Aden,
75
,
83

Adenauer, Konrad,
270

Afghanistan,
3
,
12
,
19
,
34
,
35
,
45
,
52
,
58
,
65
,
83
,
94
,
120
,
121
,
124
,
198
,
208
,
213

Soviet invasion of (1979),
9
–12,
45
,
72
,
85
,
89
,
90
,
147
–48,
256
,
280
,
306

“Afghanistanism,”
9

Africa,
4
,
33
,
67
,
152
,
196
,
239
,
241

European colonialism in,
27
–29

Soviet Union and,
4
,
9
,
19
,
24
–29,
32
,
152
,
198
,
206
,
207
,
308

U.S. policy toward,
9
,
122

“World War III” and,
23
–25

See also
Central Africa; East Africa; Southern Africa

Alaska,
52

Albania,
19

Alexander II, Tsar,
59

Alliance for Progress,
36

Amalrik, Andrei,
232

American Revolution,
42
–43,
54

American Spectator,
27

Amin:
see
Hafizullah Amin; Idi Amin

Anderson, Jack,
259

Anglo-Iranian Oil Company,
78

Angola,
3
,
12
,
28
,
29
,
34
,
82
,
83
,
120
,
121
,
124
,
198
,
208

Cuban troops in,
28
–29,
82
,
124

See also
National Front for the Liberation of Angola; National Union of Angola; Popular Front for the Liberation of Angola

“Anti-intellectualism,”
5

Antilles:
see
Lesser Antilles Anti-Semitism, Soviet,
22

Arab-Israeli conflict,
80
,
86
–87,
91
,
92
–94,
256

See also
Egyptian-Israeli accord

Arab oil embargo (1973),
75
,
80
–81,
83
–84,
93
,
276

Argentina,
34
,
35

Armenia,
55

Arms control, Soviet vs. U.S. attitudes toward,
5

See also
Nuclear weapons

Aron, Raymond,
177

ARVN:
see
South Vietnam

Asia,
4
,
67
,
122
,
152
,
196
,
308

See also
East Asia; Indochina; Persian Gulf

Australia,
75
,
197
,
271

Austria,
54

Austria-Hungary,
65
,
66

Ayub Khan,
103
–104

Azerbaijan,
73

Baader-Meinhof,
40

Bab el Mandeb Straits,
196

Babrak Karmal,
11

Baghdad Pact:
see
Central Treaty Organization

Bahrain,
24
,
75

Balance of power,
1
,
2
,
3
–4,
19
–20,
70
,
141
,
201

Baluchistan,
83

Barre:
see
Siad Barre

Bartlett, Dewey F.,
179

Bay of Pigs invasion,
100
,
255
–56

Begin, Menachem,
252

Belgium,
271

Bering, Vitus,
52

Bering Straits,
52

Berlin, Germany,
4
,
54
,
268
,
288

blockade of,
4
,
156

Berlin Wall,
22
,
129

Bevan, Aneurin,
216

Beveridge, Albert,
138

Bevin, Ernest,
212

Biafra,
31

Bill of Rights,
43
,
50

Black Sea,
54

Board of Economic Welfare, U.S.,
206

“Boat people,” of Vietnam,
14
,
21
,
111
,
121

Bohlen, Charles E.,
47
,
68
,
294

Bolshoi Theater,
49

Botha, Pieter Willem,
32

Bowles, Chester,
108

Boxer Rebellion,
131

Brandt, Willy,
178

Brazil,
34
,
35
,
271

Brezhnev, Leonid I.,
23
,
28
,
60
,
112
,
135
,
138
,
204
,
234
,
235
,
256
,
265
,
285
,
291
,
295

RN on,
48
–49,
245
,
292
,
295

Brosio, Manlio,
44

Brown, Harold,
157
,
159

Brzezinski, Zbigniew,
62
–63

Buckley, William F., Jr.,
238

Bukovsky, Vladimir,
202

Bulganin, Nikolai,
254

Bulgaria,
19

Bullitt, William,
47

Burger, Warren,
259

Burma,
75

Burns, James MacGregor,
248

Burundi,
31

Calente, Rafael,
206

Calley, William,
115

Cambodia,
3
,
12
,
34
,
45
,
98
,
101
,
106
,
107
,
111
,
115
,
120
,
121
,
146
,
203
,
213
,
239
,
241
,
245
,
277

Khmer Rouge rebellion,
111

North Vietnamese invasion of,
108
–11

U.S. bombing in,
108
–11

Canada,
74
,
271

Cape of Good Hope,
30

Capitalism:
see
Communism

Carter, Jimmy,
169
,
172
,
124
,
252
,
264

Castro, Fidel,
19
,
35
,
36
,
239

Catherine II (“the Great”),
54
,
60
,
281

Catledge, Turner,
47

CENTO:
see
Central Treaty Organization

Central America,
19
,
283

Soviet Union and,
83

strategic location of,
35

Central Africa,
23
,
28
,
29
–30

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA),
11
,
40
,
156
,
157
,
259
,
261
,
263
–64,
298

and Afghanistan,
11

and Bay of Pigs invasion,
100

and Vietnam War,
100

Central Treaty Organization (CENTO),
78

Ceylon,
75

Chad,
31

Chardin, Teilhard de,
127

Chekhov, Anton,
59

Chiang Kai-shek,
132
,
138

Chiang Kai-shek, Madame,
132

Chile,
35
,
277
,
301

China:
see
Imperial China; People's Republic of China; Republic of China

Chomsky, Noam,
241

Chou En-lai:
see
Zhou Enlai

Churchill, Winston,
16
,
47
,
62
,
66
,
99
,
133
,
150
,
237
,
270
,
279
,
287
,
288
,
307
–308

Churchill, Winston II,
231

CIA:
see
Central Intelligence Agency

Clark, Ramsey,
115

Clausewitz, Karl von,
20

Clemenceau, Georges,
73

Cline, Ray,
40

Clubb, O. Edmund,
133

Colby, William,
123
–24

Colombia,
34
,
35

Commentary,
242

Communism

vs. capitalism,
14
,
15
,
226
–27

as system of government,
14
,
46
–47,
202
,
213
,
239

and “World War III,”
21

Communist China:
see
People's Republic of China

Communist Manifesto, The
(Marx and Engels),
63

Congo,
31
,
301
;
see also
Zaire

Congress:
see
U.S. Congress

Connally, John,
219

Conquest, Robert,
60

Constantinople,
54

Constitution:
see
U.S. Constitution

Containment,
96
,
281
–84,
286
,
297

Costa Rica,
34

Crawford, Kenneth,
115

Crozier, Brian,
17
,
119

Cuba,
3
,
12
,
19
,
33
,
37
,
44
,
88
,
100
,
272
,
282

and Africa,
25
–29
passim,
31
,
36
,
82
,
87
,
198
,
239

and Latin America,
34
–36

Soviet Union and,
3
,
88
,
214
,
303

U.S.-Soviet agreement on,
251

See also
Bay of Pigs; Cuban missile crisis

Cuban missile crisis,
12
,
44
,
156
,
166
,
293

Curzon, George N.,
73

Custine, Marquis de,
62
,
310

Czechoslovakia,
19

1968 revolt,
210
,
282
,
299

Daoud, Mohammed,
10

Defense Department:
see
U.S. Department of Defense

de Gaulle, Charles,
66
,
133
,
257
,
270
,
313

Demirel, Suleyman,
186

Democratic socialism,
216

Deng Xiaoping,
17
,
126
,
127
,
134
,
144
,
145
,
147

Détente,
15
,
48
–49,
208
,
266
–67,
280
–81,
284
–90,
297

Diem, Ngo Dinh,
99
–100,
102
,
103
–104,
123
–24,
239

Dien Bien Phu, battle of (1954),
99