Return to Winter: Russia, China, and the New Cold War Against America (54 page)

51
. Martin Fackler, “Japanese Minister Proposes More Active Military Presence in Region,”
New York Times
, July 26, 2013,
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/27/world/asia/japanese-minister-proposes-more-active-military-presence-in-region.html
.

52
. Jennifer Steinhauer and Martin Fackler, “U.S. and Japan Agree to Broaden Military Alliance,”
New York Times
, October 3, 2013,
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/04/world/asia/japan-and-us-agree-to-broaden-military-alliance.html
.

53
. McCain, “Russians Deserve Better Than Putin.”

54
. See the reports compiled by
LatinAmericanStudies.org
,
http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/human-rights.htm
.

55
. Alan Yuhas, “Russian Propaganda Over Crimea and the Ukraine: How Does It Work?”
The Guardian
, March 17, 2014,
http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/17/crimea-crisis-russia-propaganda-media
.

56
. Chris Buckley, “China Takes Aim at Western Idea,”
New York Times
, August 19, 2013,
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/20/world/asia/chinas-new-leadership-takes-hard-line-in-secret-memo.html
.

CONCLUSION

1
. Mikheil Saakashvili, “Why the West Must Join the Ukraine Protesters,”
Wall Street Journal
, January 28, 2014,
http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702303553204579346560862388416
.

2
. Teddy, Ng, “Turkey to Buy Chinese Missile Defense System,”
South China Morning Post
, September 28, 2013,
http://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1319547/turkey-buy-chinese-missile-defence-system
.

3
. Saakashvili, “Why the West Must Join the Ukraine Protesters.”

WHAT TO DO: RUSSIA

1
. Mikheil Saakashvili, “The Tasks Ahead for Ukraine’s New President,”
Wall Street Journal
, May 28, 2014,
http://online.wsj.com/articles/mikheil-saakashvili-the-tasks-ahead-for-ukraines-new-president-1401318064
.

2
. “Factbox: Western Sanctions Against Russia,” Reuters, March 13, 2014,
http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/13/us-ukraine-crisis-factbox-idUSBREA2C18N20140313
.

3
. Edward Luttwak, “Weaken Putin With a Russian Brain Drain,”
Wall Street Journal
, April 30, 2014,
http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304518704579523842847892868
.

4
. Michael E. Brown, “The Alliance Drifted From Its Core Mission—And the World Is Paying the Price,”
Foreign Affairs
, May 8, 2014,
http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/141404/michael-e-brown/natos-biggest-mistake
.

WHAT TO DO: CHINA

1
. Patrick M. Cronin and Alexander Sullivan, “America and the South China Sea Challenge,”
The Diplomat
, May 3, 2013,
http://thediplomat.com/2013/05/america-and-the-south-china-sea-challenge/1/
.

2
. Matthew Pennington, “Obama Drops Asia-Pacific ‘Pivot’ From U.S. Security Vision,”
Japan Times
, May 29, 2014,
http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2014/05/29/asia-pacific/politics-diplomacy-asia-pacific/obama-drops-asia-pacific-pivot-u-s-security-vision/
.

3
. Jim Steinberg and Mike O’Hanlon, “Don’t Be a Menace to South (China Sea),”
Foreign Policy
, April 21, 2014,
http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2014/04/21/obama_china_japan_asia_abe_pivot_rebalance_resolve
.

4
. “‘You’ll Be Fired If You Refuse,’”(report, Human Rights Watch, November 4, 2011)
http://www.hrw.org/reports/2011/11/04/you-ll-be-fired-if-you-refuse
.

5
. “Annual Report: China 2103,” Amnesty International, May 23, 2013,
http://www.amnestyusa.org/our-work/countries/asia-and-the-pacific/china
.

6
. Howard W. French, “Fast-Growing China Says Little of Child Slavery’s Role,”
New York Times
, June 21, 2007,
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/21/world/asia/21china.html
.

7
. Thomas Lum, “Human Rights in China and U.S. Policy” (report for Congress, Congressional Research Service, July 18, 2011),
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL34729.pdf
.

8
. Michael S. Schmidt and David E. Sanger, “5 in China Army Face U.S. Charges of Cyberattacks,”
New York Times
, May 19, 2014,
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/20/us/us-to-charge-chinese-workers-with-cyberspying.html
.

WHAT TO DO: THE NEW AXIS

1
. Jonathan Saul and Parisa Hafezi, “Iran, Russia Working to Seal $20 Billion Oil-for-Goods Deal: Sources,” Reuters, April 2, 2014,
http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/04/02/us-iran-russia-oil-idUSBREA311K520140402
.

2
. David E. Sanger and William J. Broad, “Iran Is Providing Information on Its Detonators, Atomic Agency Says,”
New York Times
, May 23, 2104,
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/24/world/middleeast/iran-is-providing-information-on-its-detonators-atomic-agency-says.html
.

WHAT TO DO: REBUILDING ALLIANCES

1
. Matthew Fisher, “NATO Mulls ‘More Visible Presence’ in Europe,”
Leader-Post
, May 20, 2014,
http://www.leaderpost.com/news/NATO+mulls+more+visible+presence+Europe/9857024/story.html
.

2
. Debito Arudou, “Japan Brings Out the Big Guns to Sell Remilitarization in U.S.,”
Japan Times
, November 6, 2013,
http://www.japantimes.co.jp/community/2013/11/06/issues/japan-brings-out-the-big-guns-to-sell-remilitarization-in-u-s/
.

3
. Ibid.

4
. Dan Lamoth, “More U.S. Missile-Defense Systems in Pacific Possible, Admiral Says,”
Washington Post
, May 28, 2014,
http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/more-us-missile-defense-systems-in-pacific-possible-admiral-says/2014/05/28/7f49692c-e66c-11e3-afc6-a1dd9407abcf_story.html
.

5
. Julian E. Barnes, “Washington Considers Missile-Defense System in South Korea,”
Wall Street Journal
, May 27, 2104,
http://online.wsj.com/articles/washington-considers-missile-defense-system-in-south-korea-1401233131
.

Index

A

Abbasi-Davani, Fereydoun,
54–55

Abe, Shinzo,
xxvii–xxviii
,
290
,
295

Afghanistan,
xxv
,
12
,
30
,
31

Africa,
27
,
203–207

Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud,
44
,
45
,
47
,
51
,
54
,
65
,
166

Albright, Madeleine,
278

Aleksei II,
270

allies, US

alienation of,
xxvii–xxviii
,
xxviii–xxix

Chinese aggression toward,
22

commitments to, retreat from,
19
,
21
,
25–26
,
144
,
163
,
171–176

confidence of,
xiii
,
xxiv

hierarchy of considerations,
303–304

Russian relations,
xxviii–xxix

Syrian conflict,
294

ties, rebuilding/strengthening,
12
,
294–297
,
320–321

al-Qaeda affiliate terrorist groups, Axis arms sales to,
17

Amos, James,
123

Anan, Kofi,
204

Annenberg, Walter,
72

anti-gay legislation,
262

Antonov, Alexander,
242

Applebaum, Anne,
7

Arab Spring,
229

Araújo, Heriberto,
186
,
189

Arbatov, Alexi,
46

Armenia,
199
,
309

arms control, challenge of,
8
,
17–18
,
21–22
,
307
,
309

arms trafficking

Axis alliance,
21–22

loans for,
65–66

non-interference doctrine in support of,
35

for state-sponsored terrorism,
15
,
17–18
,
39
,
46
,
50
,
69

Asian pivot,
3
,
8
,
107–108
,
128
,
133
,
135
,
296

al-Assad, Bashar,
xvii
,
xx
,
4
,
6–7
,
55–57
,
56–57
,
61
,
238
,
277
,
309–310

Australia,
22
,
291

Austria,
xxix

auto industry, US,
188
,
232

Autry, Greg,
188
,
212–213

Axis.
See also
propaganda model

areas of cooperation,
3–4

commonalities,
251

interests underlying alliance of,
2

relations, historically,
5

significance,
3
,
13

ties, strengthening,
12

trade wars,
4

Treaty of Good-Neighborliness and Friendly Cooperation,
13

understanding the threat of,
305–312

Axis challenges

arms control,
8
,
17–18
,
21–22
,
307
,
309

cyber warfare,
307–308

economic,
308–309

energy security,
308–309

expansionism,
306–307

Middle East influence,
309–310

military buildup,
307

power/influence,
305–312

Axis economic cooperation

areas of,
3–4

BRICS development bank,
26–27
,
201–203

challenges,
211–213

energy security,
x
,
xxviii
,
26

global influence,
203–211

goals, neutralizing Western interests,
212

oil and gas-for-loan agreements,
200–201

SCO (Shanghai Cooperation Organization),
12

Treaty of Good-Neighborliness and Friendly Cooperation,
13

US response,
212–214

Axis goals

anti-Western global power structure,
xii
,
14–19

for the democratic model,
xii–xiii
,
xxii
,
249–250
,
261–264
,
272–276

divergent,
5

military defense,
136–137

neutralizing US/allies, power and influence,
13
,
19–20
,
45
,
134–137

rogue regimes, facilitating,
4
,
14–19
,
35–36
,
57–68
,
309

Axis threat -US response

lack of,
3
,
9

Obama administration,
18–19

proposal for,
302–303

Axis threat -US response recommendations

allies, rebuilding/strengthening ties with,
294–297
,
320–321

for chemical weapons,
319

for China,
315–319

democratic model, promoting the,
297–302

election monitors,
318

hierarchy of considerations,
303–304

for Iran,
319

journalists, support for,
318–319

military defense,
318
,
319

military defense/nuclear security,
291–294

nuclear policy,
319

for Russia,
313–314
,
319

Azerbaijan,
199
,
309

B

Baluyevsky, Yuri,
172

bank heist,
100

banking industry,
100–101
,
192
,
201–203

Barboza, David,
87–88

Belarus,
199
,
248

Bell, Larry,
169

Belousov, Andrey,
194

Benedictis, Alberto,
114

Benghazi terrorist attacks,
119–121
,
226

Berezovsky, Boris,
239
,
240

Bergdahl, Bowe,
xviii–xix

Bergman, Ronen,
55

Bernard, Alexander,
205

Biden, Joe,
128
,
262

bin Laden, Osama,
xviii

Blair, Dennis,
89

Blank, Stephen,
33
,
209–210

Bogdanov, Mikhail,
61

Boko Haram (Nigeria),
xviii
,
xix–xx

Bolivar, Simon,
207

Bolivia,
211

Bolton, John,
ix
,
xxix–xxx
,
16

Bo Xilai,
234–235
,
298

Brandus, Paul,
288

Brazil,
209

Bremmer, Ian,
281

Bremner, Brian,
199

Brenner, Joel,
71

BRIC nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China),
26–27
,
201–203

Broad, William,
xxii

Brookes, Andrew,
286

Browder, William,
235–236
,
238

Brown, Nick,
60

Brown, Sherrod,
29

Bruno, James,
283

Budapest Memorandum on Security Assurances,
160
,
283

Bulgaria,
196
,
198

Bush, George W.,
30
,
303

Bush, George W., administration CIA failures,
229

military defense spending,
171

missle-defense,
172
,
173
,
177
,
178

missle shield plan,
25

nuclear policy,
148

space race policy,
140

Bush Doctrine,
299
,
303

C

Cahow, Caitlin,
262

Calingaert, Daniel,
277

Cameron, David,
294

Canada,
185
,
190

Cardenal, Juan Pablo,
186
,
189

Caribbean,
211

Castro, Raul,
209

Cental Asia,
27

Central Asia,
12
,
45

Chad,
205

Chambliss, Saxby,
226

Chang, Gordon G.,
33
,
40
,
50
,
167

Chang Wanquan,
xii

Chauprade, Aymeric,
xxix

Chávez, Hugo,
64–67
,
207
,
209–210

chemical weapons, Syrian conflict,
xxvi
,
6
,
18
,
56–59
,
68
,
238
,
281
,
309

Cheney, Dick,
196

Cheng Xinping,
265

Cheonan,
sinking of the,
41

China.
See also
US-China relations

banking industry,
192

bribery and corruption in,
190–191

economic growth predictions,
308–309

energy security,
xv
,
66
,
126
,
185
,
200–201
,
204–206

human-rights violations,
186–187

pollution crisis,
190

regional security cooperation architecture,
xxi–xxii

threat posed by, policy recommendations,
315–319

trade relations,
46
,
50–52

wealth inequity in,
190–191

China, economic strategy

Africa,
203–206
,
204–206
,
207

Caribbean,
211

challenges,
182–185
,
190–193
,
191
,
212

for energy security,
204–206

global domination, pursuit of,
182

global investments,
182
,
185–187

for growth,
185
,
192
,
193

of infrastructure funding,
185
,
209
,
211

Latin America,
207–211

rejection of the democratic model tied to,
267–268

trade relations,
204–206

China, foreign relations

Australia,
22

economic,
28

Iran,
50–52

North Korea,
28
,
67
,
289

for nuclear collaboration,
166–168

Pakistan,
166–168

regional security cooperation architecture,
xxi–xxii

Syria,
58
,
63

territorial claims/disputes,
xv–xvi
,
22
,
27
,
85–86
,
296

Venezuela,
66–67

Vietnam,
xv
,
xxi

The China Choice
(White),
291

China-North Korea relations

benefit to China,
41

economic,
38–39

human rights violations,
39

mineral wealth,
39

missle technology,
40–41
,
50

nuclear program,
16–17
,
28
,
36–43
,
169

on South Korea,
17
,
39

China’s Silent Army
(Araújo & Cardenal),
186

CIA intelligence failures

Arab Spring,
229

Benghazi terrorist attacks, US consulate,
226

India’s nuclear weapons testing,
228

Iraqi WMDs,
228–229

Kim Jong Il’s death,
229–230

North Korea nuclear program,
229

NSA turf battles and,
228–229

September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks,
226

Soviet Union collapse,
227

Cisco,
92
,
93

Clapper, James,
19
,
77

Clarke, Richard,
76–77
,
93
,
103

Clinton, Bill,
30
,
280

Clinton, Hillary,
29
,
68
,
204
,
284
,
302

Clover, Charles,
115

Club Med,
182

Coca Codo Sinclair Dam,
185

Coca-Cola,
93

Cohen, Ariel,
33

Cold War,
243–244
,
292
,
301–302

Cold War espionage,
221–223
,
233

Cole, David E.,
188

communications industry,
86–90
,
92–93

The Contest for Supremacy
(Friedberg),
30

Conventional Forces in Europe Treaty,
155

Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) Program/Nunn-Lugar Program,
155

Corker, Bob,
xviii
,
154

corporations, cyber warfare targeting,
75
,
80
,
91–95
,
99

Correa, Rafael,
207

Cossa, Ralph A.,
13

Coyle, Phillip E.,
170

Crimean crisis (2014)

elements supporting,
200

global power balance, effect on,
xiv–xv

Karzai’s support for,
xxv

military tactics,
119

Putin visit post-annexation,
xiii–xiv

Russia-China relations and the,
x
,
xi

strategic importance,
xxii

US response,
3
,
7
,
49

Western reaction to,
x
,
xxviii