Savage Continent: Europe in the Aftermath of World War II (91 page)

Dachau concentration camp
Daily Express
dairy produce
The Dam Busters
Danzig
Dark, Philip
David, Josef
Davies, John Rhys
De Gasperi, Alcide
de Gaulle, Charles
death camps
see
concentration camps
death marches

and the Bleiburg tragedy
from concentration camps

Decima Mas
dehumanization
Demianova, Genia
Democratic Army of Greece (Dimokratikos Stratos Ellados, DSE)
Denmark

attraction of women to German men
babies born with German fathers
collaborators of the Nazis
Communists
heroes
Jews
resistance
shaving of women’s heads

Dessau,Max
destruction

and the landscape of chaos
moral
see
morality/moral destruction
physical; in cities; in rural communities; of transport infrastructure

Dimitrov, Georgi
Dimokratikos Stratos Ellados (DSE)
Dingolfing camp
displacement
see also
refugees

cynicism of displaced persons
displaced children
see
children: displaced; orphans
displaced persons camps; Jewish
through ethnic cleansing
see
ethnic cleansing
Jewish displaced persons
see also
Jews
and the ‘liberation complex’
military control of displaced persons
relief and rehabilitation of displaced persons
see also
UNRRA (United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration)
and repatriation; forced
and the revenge of slave labourers
Truman’s special DP directive
violence of displaced persons

Djilas, Milovan
Dnepropetrovsk
Domazlice
Dorfman, Baruch
Doris, Nikos
Doris,Sotiris
Doris, Vassilis
Dortmund
Drakulic, Slavenka
Drama
Dresden
Drohobycz
dropsy
Drtina, Prokop
Druhm, Mr and Mrs
DSE (Democratic Army of Greece)
Duisburg
Durlacher, Gerhard
dysentery

EAM (National Liberation Front)
East Brandenburg
East Prussia
Eastern intolerance
Eden, Anthony
EDES (National Republican Greek League)
eggs
Ehrenburg, Ilya
Eindhoven
Einsiedel, Heinrich von
Eisenhower, Dwight
EKKA (National and Social Liberation)
ELAS (Greek People’s Liberation Army)
Emilia-Romagna

‘Red Triangle’/‘Triangle of Death’

Emmerich, Wilhelm
Endoume
Esse,Heinz
Estonia

anti-Soviet resistance
collectivization of farms
death toll in war
ending of the war xv

ethnic cleansing

of collaborators; Italy
expulsion of the Germans; and a cleansed landscape; and eradication of German culture; and ‘home’ to the Reich; human reality of; total expulsion
extent of (1945 – 47)
Holocaust see Holocaust
the Jewish flight
local massacres/holocausts Postoloprty; Ustí nad Labem
of Poland and Ukraine; forced assimilation; forced ‘repatriation’; Operation Vistula; origins of Polish/ Ukrainian ethnic violence; Soviet solution
and wartime choices
Yugoslavia; and the Bleiburg tragedy; historical background; as a symbol of pan-European violence

Etkind, Michael
European East/West differences
European polarization in the Cold War
European Recovery Programme (Marshall Plan/ Aid)
European territorial changes (1945 – 47)
extermination camps
see
concentration camps
Extraordinary Courts of Assize, Italy

Faludy György
famine
see also
food: shortages/ rationing; starvation

and moral destruction

farmers

and the black market
and collectivization and expropriation of farms: in Estonia; in Lithuania; in Romania

Farri, Umberto
Fascists

1930 Fascist Penal Code
Iron Guard
and the Italian purge
violence against

Ferioli, Ferdinando
FFI (Forces Françaises de l’Intérieur)
Fini, Gianfranco
Finland

Allied Control Commission
Communists
destruction in
Interior Ministry
and Marshall Aid

FitzGibbon, Theodora
Fiume
Flemings
Fog, Mogens
food

cannibalism
dairy produce
German diet
riots
shortages/rationing
see also
malnutrition; starvation; and the black market
see also
black market; denial of food; Hungary; and moral destruction; in prison camps after the war; in prisoner-of-war camps

Forces Françaises de l’Intérieur (FFI)
‘Forest Brothers’
France/the French

aristocracy targeted by Communists
black market
clergy targeted by Communists
collaborators of the Nazis
Communists: choice for Soviet Union over France; ejection of; and the myth of the communist ‘lost victory’; PCF (Communist Party); and political violence; postwar gains; reaction to; targets
death toll in war
destruction in
displaced persons
ending of the war xv
French masculinity
French prisoners of war
and French women’s relationships with German soldiers
German prisoners of war
industrial liberation
Jewish return
labourers on ‘obligatory work service’
massacre at Oradour-sur-Glane
myths; of national unity
police targeted by Communists
rape
Resistance; areas liberated in August 1944 by
shaving of women’s heads
theft
vagrant children
Vichy
see
Vichy/Vichyites
violence

Francs-Tireurs et Partisans (FTP)
Frank, Peter
French Communist Party (PCF)
Friedland
fruits
FTP (Francs-Tireurs et Partisans)
Fuhrmann,Johann

Galicia
gang rape
gangs
Garmisch
Gasperi, Alcide de
Geborski, Czesław
General Democratic Resistance Movement (BDPS),Lithuania
Geneva Convention, Third (1929)
Georgescu,Teohari
Germany/Germans

Allied Control Commission
British treatment of SS men
death toll in war
denazification process
destruction in
displaced persons in; DP camps
eastern; population increase
establishment of Federal Republic
farmers
food shortages
foreign workers
see also
slave labour
German civilians/people: amnesties for; children; in Czechoslovakia after the war; death toll; dehumanization; diet; displaced persons; driven from parts of eastern Germany; ethnic Germans; expulsion of the Germans
see
ethnic cleansing: expulsion of the Germans; foreign women married to Germans; guards; hatred of; homelessness; policemen; pregnant German women in Poland; rape of German women; shock on seeing Belsen; stereotypical image of; teenagers; treatment throughout Europe after the war xv; violence against xv; Volksdeutsch and the inversion of power; women with ‘foreign’ children
German prisoners of war: American-held; British-held; in Czechoslovakia after the war; freed by Italian Communists; French-held; in the new ‘extermination camps’ of Poland after the war; official death toll; Soviet-held; vengeance on
German soldiers
see also
Nazis/ Nazism; and the Bleiburg tragedy; fathering babies born to foreign women; internment of; rape by; vengeance on women who had relationships with; in Warsaw
looting in
moral destruction
Nazis see Nazis/Nazism
and Poland; 1970 treaty and subsequent relations; Germans in the new ‘extermination camps’ of Poland after the war; Poland’s expulsion of Germans; Polish and Czech propaganda about Germany; Polish border of Germany
rape in
and Russia; Russian women raped by German soldiers
slave labour in
see
slave labour
and the Soviet Union; German prisoners of war; and racial ideology
war orphans

Gheorghiu-Dej, Gheorghe
Glatz prison
Gliwice/Gleiwitz prison
Gofman (a Red Army soldier)
Gomulka, Wladyslaw
Gontarz, Szmulek
Gore, Margaret
Görlitz
Gottwald, Klement
governments of national unity
Grabin
Gr
ziowa
Great Britain
see
Britain
The Great Escape
Greece/Greeks

areas under partisan control (1944)
black market
British influence in Greece
and Bulgarians; Bulgarian massacre of Greek communities
civil war; and American isolationism; brutal treatment of the population under the right; Communist resistance; defeat of communism in Greece; deportations; effects on Europe; government-backed militias; persecution of Communists/left-wingers; and subsequent Soviet control over European Communist parties
collaborators of the Nazis; Security Battalions
Communist Party
death toll in war
Democratic Army of Greece (DSE)
destruction in
EAM (National Liberation Front)
EDES (National Republican Greek League)
EKKA (National and Social Liberation)
ELAS (Greek People’s Liberation Army)
island prison camps
looting
National Guard
Papandreou’s ‘government of national unity’
postwar unrest
rural destruction
Soviet influence in Greece
starvation
violence
White Terror

Greek Communist Party
Greek People’s Liberation Army (ELAS)
Grinberg, Zalman
Gross Heydekrug
Grossman, Vasily
Groza, Petru
Grüben
Gruschka, Gerhard
Guiga, Stasys
Gullo, Fausto
Gutman, Israel
Gypsies

Hadzis, Thanasis
Hallett, Jack
Hallstein, Walter
Halter, Roman
Hamburg

firestorm
foreign workers
juvenile delinquency

Hanau
Hanover
hatred
Haukelid, Knut
Heerlen
Heidesheim camp
Helfgott, Ben
Heli
Henry, Derek
The Heroes of Telemark
heroism, cult of
Hersh, Arek
Heydrich, Reinhard
Himmler, Heinrich
Hirt, August
Hitler, Adolf
Hitler Youth
Hlond, August
Hof
Holborow, Richard
Holland

babies born with German fathers
collaborators of the Nazis
cult of heroism
destruction in
famine
Jewish return
moral destruction
resistance
rural destruction
shaving of women’s heads

Holocaust

death camps
see
concentration camps
local massacres/holocausts
refusal to acknowledge
scepticism about

homogeneity
Hondius, Dienke
hope

brotherhood, unity and
and the cult of heroism
and social changes

Hopkins, Harry
Horní Mošt
nice
Hrastnik
Huberman, Alfred
Hulme, Kathryn
Hungary/Hungarians

Allied Control Commission
animosity to Gypsies
anti-Semitism
British/Soviet influences
Budapest
see
Budapest
collaborators of the Nazis
and the Communists
and Czechoslovakia
death toll in war
destruction in
expulsion of the Germans
improvements for peasants
Interior Ministry
Jewish flight
Jewish return; and anti-Semitism; and property
land reform
massacre of Serbians
postwar hardship
reactionary nationalism
and Russians
and Slovakia
Smallholders Party
and the Soviet Union: and postwar hardship; Soviet treatment of Hungarian women
theft
treatment by Red Army after the war
ultra-nationalists

hunger
see also
starvation and moral destruction
Hunting, Ray

ideology

communist-nationalist struggle of
see also
Communists/communism; nationalism
Nazi
see also
Nazis/Nazism
racial
see also
ethnic cleansing; race
Second World War as a war of
and tyranny

Ikaria
Ill Met by Moonlight
illegal trading see black market
internment

Czechoslovakian detention centres after the war

intolerance, Eastern
Iron Guard
Islam
see also
Muslims, and Yugoslavia
Isola
Israel
see also
Palestine; Zionism
Istria
Italian Communist Party (PCI)
Italy/Italians