Read Shake Hands With the Devil Online
Authors: Romeo Dallaire
disappeared, 463
enforcement of
KWSA
, 160
meeting with, 77, 381â2
response to mob violence, 189â91
new world order, 50
Ngirumpatse, Mathieu, 142â3, 149
Ngondore refugee camp, 129
Nix, Brigadier General Jack, 485
Nkezabera, Ephrem, 346â7, 370
non-governmental organization (
NGO
), 54, 173, 299, 354, 415, 447, 492â4
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (
NATO
), 17, 33, 38
Nsabimana, Major General Déogratias, 68, 77, 148â9, 170â2, 202
Ntagerura, André, 162â4
Ntambyauro, Agnès, 133
Ntaryamira, Cyprien, 224
Ntwiragaba, Colonel, 169
Nyamirambo, Rwanda, 413
Nzamurambaho, Fréderic, 132
Nzirorera, Joseph, 149
Obote, Milton, 155
Official Languages Act (Canada), 34
Ogata, Sadako, 493â4
Opération Amaryllis, 282
Operation Clean Corridor, 126â7, 129â30
Operation Silverback, 287
Opération Turquoise, 427, 431â40
ambush of, 444â5, 458
colonial traditions, 451
Dallaire's assessment of, 433
departure of, 507
and humanitarian aid, 474, 483
liaison team in Force
HQ
, 466
main base, 448â9
mandate, 450â2, 457â8
neutrality of, 459
Orbinski, Dr. James, 297, 413, 440, 454
Organization of African Unity (
OAU
), 43, 77â9, 321, 436
orphanages, 1â4, 412â13
orphan rescue, 367â71, 383, 407, 413, 418, 442
Oxfam, 333
packages from home, 128, 353, 458, 488
Pakistani Blue Berets, 147
Parti libéral (
PL
), 61, 115, 123, 132â3, 139â40, 194
Pazik, Major Marek, 279, 350
PDC, 132
PDI, 211
peacekeeping missions (Canada), 40â2.
See also
chapter-six peacekeeping
Pearson, Lester, 40â1
Pédanou, Macaire, 55â6, 77â8
Pelletier, Jean, 36
Perry, William, 489
Pescheira, Suzanne, 336
Petrie, Charles, 402â3, 447, 449â52, 493
Pinsky, Hélène, 61, 128, 140, 232
PL
.
See
Parti libéral (
PL
)
Plains of Abraham, 45
Plante, Major Jean-Guy, 304, 332, 363
Polish Mission massacre, 279â81, 284, 310
political analysis lacking, 62, 101
political head of
UNAMIR
, 96, 98, 433.
See also
Booh-Booh, Jacques-Roger
political impasse, 122â3, 154â6, 162â3, 210â13
all-party meeting, 193â5
effect on population, 172
and high-level diplomacy, 164
political parties in Rwanda, 186â7.
See also
individual parties
Poncet, Colonel, 282
post-traumatic stress disorder, xii, xiii, 5
power relationships in the
UN
, 51
Presidential Guard
attitude of, 69
and Habyarimana crash, 225â6
killings by, 232, 242â3, 245â6, 248â9, 253â4
lists of names, 231, 243
provoking of crowds, 138â9, 141, 179
their quarters, 127
Preston, Major Charles, 18
prisoners of war, 385â6, 440
protocol breaches, 145, 145n1, 164
Provost, Denis, 128
PSD
, 132
Quebec nationalists, 18â19, 23â4, 40, 53, 132
Quick Reaction Force, 120, 197, 241
Quiet Revolution (Quebec), 16â17
Racine, Major Luc, 363, 412, 503
racism, 113
Radio Muhaburu, 153â4
Radio Rwanda, 224, 227, 230
and new government, 483
Rahman, Lieutenant Colonel Mustafizur, 424
Ramsay, Colonel, 468â9
rape, 430, 512
Rawson, Ambassador, 286
Read, Lieutenant Commander Robert, 304, 363
Reagan, Ronald, 37
Reay, Lieutenant General Gord, 505
red alert, 188
Red Cross, 11, 63â4, 292, 297, 319, 334, 353, 369, 386, 402, 415
neutrality of, 493
refugees.
See also
Rwandese Patriotic Front (
RPF
)
attacks on, 488
of Burundi, 98, 114, 208
dangers of, 394â5
in Kigali, 476
of Rwanda, 47, 154â5, 463, 518
into Tanzania, 336
of Uganda, 153â4
of use by
RGF
, 464
into Zaire, 469, 471
resettlement, 67, 74
Restaurant Péché Mignon, 162
Richard, Captain André, 36
Rivero, Isel, 46, 81
Riza, Iqbal.
See also
triumvirate of
DPKO
characterization of, 50
discusses
ROE
, 233
in Rwanda, 387â93
Roberge, Elizabeth “Beth” (wife), 31â3, 45, 53, 93, 229, 273â4
Dallaire returning home, 501
in Nairobi, 415â19
packages to Dallaire, 353, 458, 488
Roberge, Lieutenant Colonel Guy (father-in-law), 31â2
Roman, Colonel Jean-Pierre, 182, 184â5, 303â4
Ross, Colonel Cameron, 75, 338
Roy, Major General Armand, 42â3
Royal 22ième Régiment (Vandoos), 9, 33
Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism (Canada), 22
Royal Military College (
RMC
), Kingston, Ontario, 20â3
RTLM
(hardline radio station), 142, 211
as anti-Belgium, 105â6, 240â1, 254
and attacks on Dallaire, 379â81, 421â2
Dallaire's interview, 349
disinformation, 330, 420
and following, 101
and the French, 437
and Médecins Sans Frontières, 454
and murder of children, 118
promoting genocide, 375
and reports of Belgian soldiers, 183â4
violent tone of, 123, 133, 261, 272, 277
Rudasingwa, Théogène, 330
Ruggiu, George, 349
Ruhengeri, Rwanda, 68, 200, 203, 271, 288
Ruheru refugee camp, 212
Ruhigira, Enoch, 77, 136â7, 148â9, 211â12
rules of engagement (
ROE
) in
FLQ
crisis, 24â5
rules of engagement (
ROE
) in Rwanda
approval from
UN
, 99
changed own, 290
clarification of, 173
and humanitarian reasons, 229, 299
proposal for, 72
restriction of, 233, 264
and retaliatory fire, 406
and unilateral force in self-defence, 144
Rusatira, Colonel Léonidas, 121, 238, 240, 381, 469
Russia, 76
Rusumo, Rwanda, 336
Rutaremara, Tito, 196, 265â6
RV85, 36
Rwabalinda, Lieutenant Colonel Ephrem, 125â6, 222, 240, 292, 398, 410â11, 426
Rwanda
delegation to
UN
, 83â4
description of, 57, 63, 216, 500
history of, 46â8
lack of strategic interest in, 89â90
politics of, 60â1
seat on Security Council, 145
Rwandese Government Forces (
RGF
).
See also
Gendarmerie; Presidential Guard
beginnings of, 47â8
and children, 69, 117â18
French and Belgian advisers, 68, 70
increased activity, 199â203, 212â13
letter of warning, 121
and massacres, 122
morale of, 421â2
new weapons, 226
offer to reinforce Kigali, 165, 202
strategy of, 299
supplies for, 363
surrender of some, 385
Rwandese Patriotic Front (
RPF
).
See also
Conseil national pour le développement (
CND
); Kagame, Major General Paul
adolescent soldiers of, 2
ambush of
UNMO
s, 423â6, 431
and Arusha Peace Agreement, 54, 133, 211â12
control of troops, 414, 478â9
Declaration of the
RPF
for the Installation of the Formal Institutions of Government, 467
equipment of, 67
first names only, 125
and Goma, 474
headquarters, 65
increased activity, 200â3
interrogation centres in Kigali, 469
and “Kigame Nine,” 469
killings by, 378, 481â2
negotiations with, 236, 250, 266
offensive, 269
once refugees, 43, 47
and Opération Turquoise, 432, 437â8, 458
portrayal of, 66â7
protection of funeral, 195â6
relocations by, 87, 192â3, 197, 252, 335
rumoured to be murderers, 115â18
strategy of, 299, 306, 421, 446
treatment of refugees, 502â3
and Ugandan diaspora, 377â8
victory, 474â7
St. André orphanage, 412â13
St. Laurent, Louis, 17
St. Paul church, 420
St-Denis, Captain Jean-Yves, 363, 409â9n, 482â3, 499
Sainte Famille church, 347â50, 419â21
Salim, Ahmed Salim, 77â8, 321
Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 49â50
Savard, Marcel, 75
Saxonov, Major, 424
scapegoat, xii
Schroeder, Lieutenant General Daniel, 485, 488â9, 497
Scouts Canada, 13
Second World War, 8, 10â12, 39, 318
security, 135.
See also
infiltrators and spies
deterioration of, 161, 212
lack of, 143, 145
meeting by Kigali leaders, 169
request for arms recovery, 180
strategy for ceremonies, 139, 195â6
townhall meeting, 172
Sendashonga, Seth, 250, 265â6, 324
Senegalese contingent, 218â19, 245, 434â5
September 11, 521â2
Shalikashvilli, General John, 489â90
Sheehan, Lieutenant General John, 487â8
Shilo, Manitoba, 20â1
shootings and killings, 187â8, 396.
See also
genocide; massacres; Presidential Guard
escalation in Kigali, 165â6, 179â80
increase in, 115
mob outside
CND
, 157â8
of moderate politicians, 212â13, 232, 253â4
mysterious third force, 121, 143
Shororo refugee camp, 212
Sierra Leone, 511â12
Simon, Paul, 372n
“situate the estimate,” 56
soccer ball, 206
Soeurs du Bon Pasteur from Quebec City, 500
soldiers' funerals, 41
Somalia, 50, 71, 207, 240â2
Sosa, Major Manuel, 423â6
Sparling, Tim, 34
Special Representative of the Secretary General (
SRSG
).
See
Booh-Booh, Jacques-Roger; Khan, Shaharyar
Standing
UN
Operation Orders persons under protection, 298â9
status of mission agreement (
SOMA
), 52
St. Denis, Major Jean-Yves, 363, 409â9n, 482, 499
Stec, Stefan, 279
Steen, Lieutenant Colonel Harry, 32â3
Swinnen, Johan, 286â7
Thibault, Colonel, 459
Tikoka, Colonel Isoa “Tiko,” 199, 243, 313, 428
description of, 54, 108â9
honoured, 445
hostage taking, 423â6
and militia, 356
opinion of, 408
and
SRSG
, 463
Tiso (cook), 127â8
Togo contingent, 434â5
Tousignant, Major General Guy, 502, 505, 507
transfers, 396â8, 404â6, 419â20, 423, 440
lack of support for, 445â6
triumvirate of
DPKO
.
See also
Annan, Kofi A.; Baril, General Maurice; Riza, Iqbal
Code Cable 1173, 312
introduction to, 48
mandate over, 270â1
meeting with, 207â9
mission approval, 80â1
and Opération Turquoise, 427â8
report to, 260
request for deterrent operation, 180â1
troop-contributing nations.
See also
individual contingents
disparity among, 91, 101, 107, 124, 177â8, 215, 444, 487
Troute, Master Corporal Philippe, 119, 127, 157â8, 160
Trudeau, Pierre, 22
Tunisian contingent, 115â18, 152, 203, 205, 249â50, 302â3, 305, 331, 350, 360, 383, 445
departure of, 465
Turgeon, Captain Nelson, 363
Tutsis.
See also
genocide
background of, 47
diaspora, 364
hegemony of, 163, 219
killing of, 157â60, 189, 265
lists of, 142â3, 231, 243
moving into Kigali, 466, 476
registration of, 198
resettlement of, 67
seeking sanctuary, 302
Twagiramungu, Faustin, 210â11
ambushed, 187
and an informant, 141
attendance at flag-raising, 104
description of, 60, 132
guards mounted at home of, 161
lists for transitional government, 132â3
new prime minister, 467â8, 475
and Opération Turquoise, 436
political impasse, 123, 194
rescued, 244, 253, 261, 274â5, 309, 396
Uganda, 52, 88, 91, 94â6, 201
Uganda's National Resistance Army (
NRA
), 94â5, 155, 469
UNAMIR
(2), 411â12.
See also
UNAMIR
(United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda)
arrival of contingents, 443â4
authority of, 447
lack of troops, 432â3, 433n
officially created, 374
operational priorities of, 481
and Opération Turquoise, 452
protection of people, 404
and refugees, 470
sabotage of, 375â6
staging base for, 416
troops to
HPZ
, 494â5
UNAMIR
(United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda).
See also
UNAMIR
(2);
UNOMUR
(United Nations Observer Mission in Uganda and Rwanda)
accusations of bias, 112, 137, 184