Authors: Jeremy Bowen
âA Jordanian battle group': details from Pollack, pp. 308â10; Barker,
Six-Day War,
p. 113; Dupuy, pp. 309â10, interview with Elad Peled, 25 November 2002.
âIt was like a line': Tal quote from Churchill, pp. 113â14.
âDuring the night Cairo': Pollack, p. 71.
âThe most impressive thing': interview with Omar Khalil Omar, Gaza City, 1 December 2002.
âMajor Ibrahim El Dakhakny': interview with El Dakhakny.
âRamadan Mohammed Iraqi': interview with Iraqi.
âGeneral Riad told King Hussein': Hussein, p. 81.
âIn her villa in Amman': interview with Leila Sharaf.
âmostly pointed their men': Pollack, p. 463.
âThe attack was stopped': Barker, p. 131.
âThe attack was all that': Mayzel, pp. 137â40.
âAn American military analysis': Israeli-Arab confrontation, National Military Command Center May 1967, NSF, Box 104.
âOn the eve of the war': Seale,
Asad,
p. 113.
âIn Beit Nuba, Zchiya Zaid': quoted in
Kol Ha'ir,
31 August 1984,
www.planet.edu
.
âOn the edge of the village': Dodds and Baraket.
âIts morning report said': Cairo Radio (Arabic), 0304 GMT, 6 June 1967.
âAfter their disturbed night': Armbrister in Chace, p. 114.
âIn Washington the CIA': President's Daily Brief, 6 June 1967, NSF, Box 19.
âInside, the staff': Cairo Cable 8572 to State, 6 June 1967, NSC, Box 24.
âAn hour later': Cairo Cable 8583 to State, 6 June 1967, NSC, Box 24.
âBritain's ambassador in Kuwait': PRO/FCO 17/598: Arthur, Kuwait to FCO, 6 June 1967.
âArab oil-producing countries': President's Daily Brief, 6 June 1967, NSF, Box 19.
âIn Damascus': Damascus Cable 1248 to State, 6 June 1967, NSC, Box 24.
âThe king was in constant': US policy and diplomacy in the Middle East Crisis, 15 May to 10 June 1967, âEffecting the IsraeliâJordanian Ceasefire, January 1969, NSC Box 20.
âReports of appalling losses': Muttawi, p. 138.
âThanks to Voice of the Arabs': Muttawi, p. 158.
âThe British military attaché': PRO FCO 17/275, Dispatch No. 2, Defence Attaché, British Embassy, Amman, 22 June 1967.
âWe must stop the fighting': Amman Cable 4092 to State, 6 June 1967, NSC, Box 24.
âNarkiss was keeping': Narkiss, from Central Command war diary in
Mission Survival,
p. 226; Mordechai Gur in Churchill, p. 137; Schliefer, p. 177.
âRubi Gat': interview with Rubi Gat, Jerusalem, 1 June 2000.
âOn the Jordanian side': Schliefer, p. 178.
âGeneral Riad and King Hussein': Hussein, p. 88.
âWe agree to the retreat': ibid.
âHussein and his chief of staff': Amman Cable 4128 to State, 6 June 1967, NSC, Box 24.
âHussein summoned the ambassadors': Amman Cable 4095 to State, 6 June 1967, NSC, Box 24.
âGenerals Narkiss, Dayan and Weizman': Narkiss, p. 219; interview with Doron Mor; Central Command war diary, 6 June 1967 in
Mission Survival,
p. 226.
âIt took until the afternoon': Pollack, pp. 310â11; Barker,
Six-Day War,
p. 113; Dupuy, pp. 309â10; interview with Elad Peled, Jerusalem, 25 November 2002.
âMost of Jenin's': interview with Haj Arif Abdullah, Jenin, 28 November 2002.
âGeneral Riad was calm': Hussein, p. 90.
âWhen he returned to Amman King Hussein': Amman Cable 4108 to State, 6 June 1967, NSC, Box 24.
âTheir fears were based': interview with Dr Ihsan al Agha, Rafah, 30 November 1967. He is a local historian in Khan Younis who has so far documented 516 killings of civilians, using at least two sources for each. He spoke to heads of families, eyewitnesses and close relatives. He also found lists made by Egyptian authorities of families who wanted compensation. Massacre stories also corroborated by others in Gaza and interviews with refugees in Amman.
âShara and the other women': interview with Shara Abu Shakra, Khan Younis, 30 November 2002.
âBy Tuesday afternoon': El-Gamasy, pp. 67â71.
âField Marshal Amer, the obvious scapegoat': Heikal, pp. 181â2.
âThe Egyptians sent out': Paris Cable 19927 to State, 6 June 1967, NSC, Box 24.
âAt the headquarters of the Cairo': interview with Hadidi.
âMore than half': PRO/FCO 8/679: Graham (Kuwait) to Balfour-Paul (British Residency, Bahrain), 21 June 1967, NSC Box 20.
âLieutenant Mohammed Shaiki': Bernet, p. 150.
âThe Egyptian army': Cairo Radio, 0320 GMT, SWB, Vol. 2479â2504.
âBy 5 p.m.': AP,
Lightning Out of Israel,
p. 99.
âNear the front': interview with Gavish.
âThat would mean sending': Dupuy, p. 271.
âUS ambassador Goldberg': Shevchenko, p. 134.
âThere was one more twist': Ambassador Thompson on the hotline exchanges, 4 November 1968, NSC, Box 20; 6.30 timing from Lall, p. 51.
âThe Americans had offered': Memo to Arthur Goldberg, chronology of Soviet delay on Security Council meetings, 26 June 1967, NSC Box 20.
ânobody expects': Memos for Rostow from Nathaniel Davis, 5 June 1967, NSC, Box 20.
âIn Khan Younis, for the second day': interview with Abd-al Majeed al Farah, Khan Younis, 30 November 2002.
âAs the fighting in Gaza went on': PRO/FCO 17/496: Situation in Middle East, 6 June 1967.
âIn the mountains above Qalqilya': interview with Maa'rouf Zahran, Qalqilya, 29 November 2002.
âMemdour Nufel': interview with Memdour Nufel.
âFayek Abdul Mezied': interview with Fayek Abdul Fattah Mezied, Qalqilya, 29 November 2002; figures from Qalqilya city archives.
âRed light from': interview with Khalil.
âOne of the officers': Draz, pp. 135â46.
âJust outside Jerusalem': interview with Moshe Yotvat, 7 May 2002.
âBen Ari said afterwards':
MER,
p. 224.
âIn the evening, towards midnight': Narkiss, p. 242.
âIn the 1950s, Har Zion': Elon,
The Israelis,
p. 234.
Day Three
âFor two hours': Schliefer, including dialogue, pp. 189â90.
âOn the Mount of Olives': Tleel, p. 161.
âBy the third day': PRO/FCO 17/275: Dispatch No. 2 from British Military Attaché, Amman, 22 June 1967.
âAt one in the morning': Schliefer, including dialogue, pp. 189â90.
âThen “a tremendous stentorian voice”': Cameron, p. 339.
âIn Amman the minister of information': interview with Sharaf.
âYahya Saad': Draz, pp. 49â54.
âBack in Sinai, General Gamasy': El-Gamasy, p. 64.
âGamasy knew that a retreat': Ibid., p. 65.
âWhen the British defence attaché': PRO/FCO 17/496: Tel Aviv to FCO, 12 June 1967.
âAlong the route of the retreat': Cameron, p. 343.
âYoffe's tanks drove all night': report from
Yediot Aharonot,
30 June 1967, quoted in
Mission Survival,
pp. 193â6.
âAt dawn air strikes': interview with Uri Gil.
âThe general staff in Cairo': Churchill, pp. 171â2; Pollack, pp. 72â3; Wright, pp. 346â9.
âFinally, General Narkiss': Churchill, p. 139; Narkiss, p. 245.
âRubinger, a photographer': interview with Rubinger.
âFrom his garden': Schliefer, p. 193.
âTwo hundred Palestinian doctors': AP,
Lightning Out of Israel.
âHamadi Dajani, a Palestinian trader': interview with Ahmed and Hamadi Dajani, Old City, 23 November 2002.
âVelni and Ronen': eyewitness testimony in Bamahane, IDF Magazine.
âI told my driver': Churchill, p. 140.
âThe
Sunday Times
': McCullin, pp. 91â2.
âAlso driving up': interview with Ava and Moshe Yotvat, Tel Aviv, 7 May 2002.
âMcCullin followed the soldiers': McCullin, p. 92.
âOne of them was Goren's jeep': Yossi Ronen, IDF Magazine, âBamahane',
http://info.jpost.com/supplements
.
âThe Palestinian dentist': Tleel, pp. 165â6.
âGoren, said the Rabbi “did not stop”': Yossi Ronen, IDF Magazine, âBamahane'.
âFor Israelis it was the emotional climax': interview with Rubinger.
âMajor Doron Mor': interview with Doron Mor, Afula, 28 November 2002.
âHerzl Bodinger, the Israeli': interview with Bodinger.
âThen I thought': interview with Gavish.
âAround eleven o'clock': description of Combats by Commanders â Northern Front, IDF Spokesman's Office, quoted in
MER,
p. 226.
âMore Israeli tanks arrived later': Dupuy, pp. 313â14.
âRaymonda Hawa Tawil': Tawil, pp. 91â3.
âIt pressed home': Amman Cables 4127 and 4128 to State, 7 June 1967, NSC, Box 24.
âThe Israeli air force': figures from IDF 947/192/1974: collection of statistics.
âSharif Zaid Ben Shaker': interview with Prince Zaid Ben Shaker.
âThe US ambassador, Findley Burns': Amman Cable 4125/4128 to State, 7 June 1967, NSC, Box 24.
âWhen the war started': interview with Badial Raheb, Bethlehem, 22 November 2002.
âFinally, the Soviet military': Sergei Tarasenko, âBlitzkrieg in Sinai',
Novoe Vremya,
No. 21, 1997, pp. 32â3.
âOutside Amer's bunker': Cairo Cable 8641 to State, 7 June 1967, NSC, Box 24.
âDespair settled over the city': Armbrister in Chace, p. 114.
âAfter three days sheltering': interview with Kamel Sulaiman Shaheen.
âMoshe Dayan broadcast': Voice of Israel, 7 June 1967, quoted in
MER,
p. 226.
âA few hours after': report from AP, Hilary Appelman, 31 December 1997, quoting Narkiss' recollection of interview;
www.middleeast.org
.
âOne of the paratroopers': Moshe Dayan, pp. 311â14.
âLater in 1967': report from AP, Hilary Appelman, 31 December 1997.
âIsraeli soldiers went from': interview with Haifa Khalidi.
âAt nine in the evening':
MER,
pp. 225â6.
âBombing continued in and around Jericho': Dodds and Barakat, pp. 41â2; also PRO/FCO 17/217: American University of Beirut Research report on Jordan's 1967 refugees.
âZaid Ben Shaker': interview with Zaid Ben Shaker, Amman, 6 June 2002.
âThe first wave of refugees': PRO/FCO 17/214: âThe Refugee Problem in Jordan', 3 August 1967; from UNRWA Refugee affairs RE 400(7) Emergency camps, Jordan; letter by Lawrence Michelmore, UNRWA Commissioner General, 10 July 1967.
âSave the Children's': information on Hawkins' life from Save the Children archives.
âBut Hawkins and the British': Save the Children Fund Jordan; Quarterly report for the quarter ending 30 June 1967; administrator's report by Lt.-Col Skelton.
âThirty years before Western': PRO/FCO 26/116: Littlejohn Cook Memo, 7 June 1966.
âOfficial denials': PRO/FCO 1016/780: FCO to Bahrain, Abu Dhabi, Doha, Dubai and Muscat, 7 June 1967.
âIn London an official': PRO/FCO 26/116: Littlejohn Cook Memo, 7 June 1966.
âIn Saudi Arabia': PRO/FCO 17/599: Jeddah to FCO, 11 June 1967.
âHe told the American magazine': Nutting,
Nasser,
p. 441.
âWhat was certain': PRO/PREM 13/1620: Record of phone interview, 7 June 1967.
âAt first, the Jordanians': Figures from Dupuy, p. 315.
âAfter the war': Lev, p. 139.
âThe Americans were turning': âAn Approach to Political Settlement in the Near East', 7 June 1967, NSC, Box 19.
âPresident Johnson was': Memo for the Record, 7 June 1967, NSC, Box 18.
Day Four
âHe said he had left':
New York Times,
20 June 1967, quoted in Churchill, pp. 167â8.
âThis was a valley of death': Sharon, quoted in Churchill, p. 171.
âI think the Egyptian soldiers': quoted in Pollack, pp. 78â9.
âBrigadier Abdel Moneim Khalil's': interview with Khalil.
âAnother Egyptian commander determined': interview with Major-General Saad el Shazli, Cairo, 16 December 2002.
âCairo had become': Cairo Telegram 8687 to State, 8 June 1967, NSF.
âThe CIA produced': President's Daily Brief, 8 June 1967, NSC, Box 19.
âThe English language
Egyptian Gazette
': Armbrister in Chace, p. 114.
âA member of the Central Committee': Heikal,
Sphinx and Commissar,
p. 173.
âRichard Helms, the Director': Memo for the Record, 7 June 1967, NSC, Box 24.
âIn Moscow post-mortems': Soviet ambassador's comments on ArabâIsraeli dispute; CIA intelligence information Cable, 31 May 1967, NSF, Box 106.
âAnother Soviet official': CIA to White House Situation Room, 8 June 1967, NSF, Box 107.
âBut most of the evidence': CIA Intelligence information Cable, 7 June 1967, NSF, Box 107.
âA columnist in the Cairo newspaper': CIA Sitrep, 10 June 1967, NSC, Box 21.
âRaymonda Hawa Tawil': Tawil, pp. 95â6.
âTawfik Mahmud Afaneh': interview with Tawfik Mahmud Afaneh, Qalqilya, 29 November 2002.
âEleven-year-old Maa'rouf Zahran': interview with Maa'rouf Zahran.
âOn the first full day': interview with Samir Elias Khouri, Bethlehem, 22 November 2002.
âFifteen miles to the south': Gazit, p. 37.
âNazmi Al-Ju'beh': interview with Nazmi Al-Ju'beh, Jerusalem, 24 November 2002.
âAmong the euphoric Israelis': Kollek, pp. 196â8.
âTanks from Tal's division': Churchill, pp. 176â7; Dupuy, p. 278.
âAround twenty miles': see
www.ussliberty.org
.
âHe felt “good and warm inside”': Quote from
Dead in the Water,
BBC documentary about the
Liberty,
10 June 2002.