Read Space Chronicles: Facing the Ultimate Frontier Online
Authors: Neil deGrasse Tyson,Avis Lang
electromagnetic spectrum, 90
Embraer, 73
Endeavour space shuttle, 160–61
Energy, Department of, US, 12
ENIAC, 213
Environmental Protection Agency, 225
ethanol, 158
ethyl alcohol, 92
Europa, 40, 129, 169, 201, 209, 212
European Space Agency, 7, 138–39, 166
European Union, xiv, 127, 226
evolution, 40, 205
religion and, 205
Evolutionary Xenon Thruster, 170
exobiology, 36
exoplanets, 32
biomarkers on, 30–31
search for, 28–30
expenditures,
see
budgets; NASA, budget of
Exploration Systems Mission Directorate, 169
Explorer I satellite, 126
extraterrestrial life, 33–41, 325
chemical composition of, 35–36
Copernican principle and, 34, 36
Drake equation and, 40–41
in Gupta–author interview, 42–44
Hawking’s view of, 42–43
Hollywood portrayals of, 35–38
human self-perception and, 41
intelligence of, 36–39
liquid water and, 39–40
probability of, 33–34
search for, 41, 325
stable orbits and, 40
television signals and, 178
water and, 39–40
eyewitness testimony, 183–84, 204
Fall of Moondust, A
(Clarke), 175
Faubus, Orval, 124
Federal Laboratory Consortium for Technology Transfer, 304–5
Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949, 269
Ferguson, James, 254
Fisher Pen Company, 194
n
flight, 107–11, 216
ballistic missiles and, 110–11
early attitudes toward, 216–17
firsts in, 110, 216–17
sound barrier and, 109
V-2 rocket and, 110–11
Wright brothers and, 109–10, 216–17
flybys, 157
Foch, Ferdinand, 217
formaldehyde, 92
fossil fuels, 30
France, xiv, 7
Freedom 7 spacecraft, 114
free fall, 119
friction, 152, 155
Friedman, Louis, 193
From the Earth to the Moon
(Verne), 170
Fukushima Daiichi disaster, 168
Futurist, The,
218
Gagarin, Yuri, 73, 79, 113–14, 122, 192
galaxies, 32, 91, 98
black holes in, 142
elements in, 239–40
expansion of universe and, 98, 100–101
orbits of stars of, 115
Galef, Julia, 75–83
Galileo Galilei, 85–86, 97, 147, 169, 213, 225
Galileo navigation system, 208
Galileo space probe, 198
gamma rays, 71, 90, 94, 129, 139
Ganymede, 169
Garbedian, H. Gordon, 110
Garver, Lori B., 146
Gates, Bill, 136
wealth of, 229–30
Gemini program, 7, 162
General Accounting Office, 320
General Dynamics, 236
Genesis mission, 138, 176
Germany, xiv, 7, 200
Ghazali, Al- (theologian), 206
Glenn, John, 5, 10, 66, 146, 193
Global Network Against Weapons and Nuclear Power in Space, 168
global warming, 58
Gnedin, Oleg, 194
Goddard, Robert H., 95, 153, 192
Goddard Memorial Dinner, 203–4
Goddard Space Flight Center, 140
Good Morning America
(TV show), 232
Gott, J. Richard, 83, 194
gravitation, universal law of, 65, 192
gravitational waves, 94
gravity:
and discovery of Uranus, 247–48
Lagrangian points and, 172–74
Pioneer Anomaly and, 245, 248–51
Great Barrier Reef, 231
Great Britain, 110
Great Wall of China, 87, 207, 233
greenhouse effect, 39–40, 201, 227
Gregory, Fred, 221
Grissom, Gus, 66
Gulf War of 1991, 27
Gupta, Sanjay, 42–44
Haldane, Richard Burdon, 217
Hawking, Stephen, 42–43, 83, 257
Hayden Planetarium, xiii, 67, 75, 111, 134, 194, 249, 256
Hazards Due to Comets and Asteroids,
51
Hearst Castle, 87–88
heat shield, 156
Helios-B (solar probe), 195
helium, 31, 36, 101, 240
Henson, Carolyn, 175
Henson, Keith, 175
Herschel, William, 247
Hertz, Heinrich, 90
Hewish, Anthony, 29
Higher Education Act of 1965, 327
High Frontier, The: Human Colonies in Space
(O’Neill), 175
History of the Conquest of Peru
(Prescott), 196–97
Hornet, USS, 5
House of Representatives, US, 4–5
and appointments to Commission on Future of Aerospace Industry, 316–17
Appropriations Committee of, 321, 329
Committee on Science and Astronautics of, 272, 288, 321, 323, 324, 329
Hubble, Edwin, 101
Hubble Space Telescope, 5, 68, 72, 73–74, 82, 135, 139, 175, 198, 210, 212, 228, 239
age of universe and, 142
cost of, 80
images returned by, 141–42
repair missions to, 23, 135–36, 142–43, 147
scientific legacy of, 142
humans, 30, 49, 103
DNA of, 240–41
intelligence of, 240–41
universe within, 241
Human Space Flight Innovative Technologies program, 324
Huygens probe, 138–39
hydrogen, 31, 35–36, 91, 158, 240, 258
in Sun, 101
hydrogen cyanide, 92
IKAROS (Interplanetary Kite-craft Accelerated by Radiation Of the Sun), 167
Independence Day
(film), 38, 43
India, xiv, 22, 23, 49, 127, 226
Industrial Revolution, 95, 253
infrared light, 90, 92–93, 129
in-space propulsion, 170
Integral satellite, 139
intelligence, 36–39, 257
Intelligent Design movement, 204–5
International Federation of Aeronautics, 23
International Space Station (ISS), xiii, 6–7, 10, 13, 15, 25–26, 72, 76, 116, 119, 161, 167, 218, 228
commercialization management of, 323
contingency funding of, 321–22
contingency plan for, 319–23
launch costs of, 320–21
operational costs of, 320
research on, 322–23
Internet, 141
In the Shadow of the Moon
(film), 5
Io, 169
ion-thruster engines, 164
Iran, xiv, 23
Islam, 206
“island universes,” 98–100
Israel, 23
Italy, xiv, 7, 72
Jackson, Michael, 203
James Webb Space Telescope, 139, 143, 176
Jansky, Karl, 90–91
Japan, xiv, 7, 22, 168, 215
atomic bombing of, 50, 95–96
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), 167
Jarvis, Greg, 243
Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), 13, 130, 131, 248–49, 324
Jobs, Steve, 136
John F. Kennedy, USS, 5
Johnson, Lyndon B., 66–67, 124
Johnson Space Center, 8, 220
Journey to Inspire, Innovate, and Discover, A: Moon, Mars and Beyond,
146
Jupiter, 32, 33, 37, 40, 46, 52, 85, 88, 102, 112, 115, 117, 128, 157, 201, 245, 246
slingshot effect and, 119–20
Jupiter-C rocket, 126
Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (JIMO), 169–70
Kazakhstan, 121, 123
Kelvin, Lord, 108
Kennedy, John F., 4, 8, 11, 12, 13, 17, 79, 136, 219, 225
“Moon” speech of, 13, 79, 148–49, 191–92
Kennedy Space Center, 14–15, 16, 140, 145, 161, 220, 229
Kepler, Johannes, 115
Kinsella, Gary, 249–50
Korea, Republic of (South Korea), xiv
Korean War, 149
Korolev, Sergei, 123–24, 126
Kubrick, Stanley, 128–29
Kuiper Belt, 168, 245
Kuwait, 27
Lagrange, Joseph-Louis, 173, 176
Lagrangian points, 72, 145, 173–76
gravity and, 172–74
launches from, 177
libration paths and, 174
NASA satellites and, 176
Laika (dog), 122
Langley, Samuel P., 216–17
Laplace, Pierre-Simon de, 117–18
Large Hadron Collider, 80, 82
lasers, 167
Lauer, Matt, 210–11
Launching Science,
169–70
Leno, Jay, 144–45
Le Verrier, Urbain-Jean-Joseph, 248
L5 Society, 175
life:
chemical components of, 35–36
diversity of, 34–35
extinction episodes of, 49
extraterrestrial,
see
extraterrestrial life
on Mars, 48, 259
search for, 41, 325
light, 30, 90, 93, 258
speed of, 109, 164, 195
LightSail-1, 167
Lindbergh, Charles, 110
Lindsay, John, 67
Lockheed Martin, 236
Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, 23
long-period comets, 46–47
Lovell, Jim, 112
low Earth orbit (LEO), 113
Luna 9 rover, 70
Luna 13 rover, 70
Lunar Orbiter Image Recovery Project, 149–50
Lunar Orbiter spacecraft, 149
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO), 150
MacHale, Des, 234
Madonna, 203
Magellan, Ferdinand, 95, 96
Major Mysteries of Science
(Garbedian), 110
Manhattan Project, 80
many-body problem, 117–18