Spies of Mississippi (9 page)

Pamphlet

Checks to informants

Suspect list

Agent report

Propaganda

Maps of grave site of civil rights workers

Pamphlet opposing civil rights reform in Washington

Commission checks to compensate black collaborators for services rendered

Extensive lists of license plate numbers of suspected NAACP members

Memo alerting the Commission of an integrated chiropractor class

Pamphlet designed to show how the state provided quality segregated schools for black children

Hand-drawn map supplied by Commission agent Andy Hopkins depicting the site where FBI agents discovered the bodies of three civil rights workers. The sketch indicates that the bodies were discovered 14 feet deep in an earthen dam.

Many of the sources for this book include specific investigative reports from the Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission (MSSC). Specific citations are listed below. Maintained by the Mississippi Department of Archives and History (MDAH), many of the reports can be accessed online at http://mdah.state.ms.us/.

“Aaron Henry Case Reflects Mississippi Racial Conflict,”
Daily Corinthian
(Corinth, MS), October 8, 1964.

“Appeal Lost by Kennard,”
Jackson Democrat
. October 9, 1961. SCR ID# 10-28-0-15-1-1-1. MDAH. Digital Archives.

Agent X Reports: February 23, 1964, SCR ID # 9-31-1-9-1-1-1; March 24, 1964, SCR ID # 9-31-1-27-1-1-1; May 14, SCR ID # 9-31-1-29-1-1-1; 1964, June 9, 1964, SCR ID # 9-31-1-70-1-1-1; June 16, 1964, SCR ID # 9-31-1-74-1-1-1; June 16, 17, 18, 1964, SCR ID # 9-31-1-73-1-1-1. MDAH. Digital Archives.

Barnett, Ross. Inaugural Address,
Journal of Mississippi House of Representatives, 1960
, regular session. MDAH.

Barnett, Ross. Television address to State of Mississippi, Sept 13, 1962. American Radio Works: http://americanradioworks.publicradio.org/features/prestapes/barnettspeech.html.

Bolden, R. L. Personal interview, Jackson, MS, March 2009. Conducted by Rick Bowers.

“Box Score of Freedom Riders Arrests and Convictions.”
Jackson Daily News
. July 7, 1961.

Brady, Thomas Pickens.
Black Monday.
2nd ed. Winona, WI: Association of Citizens’ Councils of Mississippi, 1955.

“Judge Tosses Out 1960 Conviction: Students Work to Clear Man’s Name,”
Chicago Tribune
. May 18, 2006.

Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Public Law 88-352). Passed July 2, 1964.

Civil Rights in Mississippi,
University of Southern Mississippi Digital Archive. McCain Library and Archives. http://www.lib.usm.edu/legacy/spcol/crda/.

Clark, Fred. Oral history interview June 10, 1994. University of Southern Mississippi, USM Digital Archive. http://www.lib.usm.edu/legacy/spcol/crda/oh/index.html.

“Clyde Kennard Dies in Chicago Hospital,”
Jackson Daily News
. July 5, 1963.

Cobb, James C. The Most
Southern Place on Earth – The Mississippi Delta and the Roots of Regional Identity.
New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.

Coleman, Gov. J. P. James P. Coleman Papers,
Journal of the House of Representatives,
1956, regular session. MDAH.

Crespino, Joseph.
In Search of Another Country: Mississippi and the Conservative Counterrevolution.
Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007.

DeCell, Hal. MSSC. 6 January 1958. SCR ID # 9-0-0-40-1-1-1, SCR ID# 1-16-1-1-1-1-1 to 1-16-1-18-1-1-1. MDAH Digital Archives.

Delaughter, Bobby.
Never Too Late: A Prosecutor’s Story of Justice in the Medgar Evers Case.
New York: Scribner, 2001.

Dittmer, John.
Local People: The Struggle for Civil Rights in Mississippi.
Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1994.

Downing, Virgil. MSSC Investigator. February 14, 1961, SCR ID# 1-67-1-2-1-1-1; February 26, 1964, SCR ID# 2-112-1-36-1-1-1. MDAH. Digital Archives.

“Elections: Mississippi Mud,”
Time
, September 7, 1959. http://www.jfklibrary.org/meredith/index.htm.

Ely, James W. Jr. and Bradley G. Bond, eds. “Profiles of Ross Barnett and Theodore Bilbo,”
Law & Politics
(2008). Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina.

Evers, Myrlie and Marable Manning.
The Autobiography of Medgar Evers: A Hero’s Life and Legacy Revealed Through His Writings, Letters, and Speeches
. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 2005.

—with William Peters.
For Us, The Living, the Widow of Civil Rights Leader Medgar Evers Tells the Story of Their Life Together in Mississippi and of His Tragic Assassination.
New York: Doubleday, 1967.

“Featured Project,” Bluhm Legal Clinic: News and Notes, p. 4. Northwestern University School of Law, Fall 2006. http://www.law.northwestern.edu/legalclinic/news/newlttrarchive/Fall06.pdf.

Finley, Melissa.
But I Was a Practical Segregationist: Erle Johnston and the Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission,
Master’s Thesis. University of Southern Mississippi, 2000.

Frankhauser, David.
Freedom Rides: Recollections of David Frankhauser
. Online at http://biology.clc.uc.edu/Frankhauser/index.htm.

General Laws of the State of Mississippi
, Chapter 365, 520–524 (1956).

Henry, Aaron and Constance Curry.
Aaron Henry: The Fire Ever Burning.
Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2000.

“High Court Rejects Appeal by Kennard,”
Clarion Ledger
. October 10, 1961, SCR ID# 10-28-0-15-1-1-1. MDAH. Digital Archives.

Hopkins, A. L., December 4, 1958, SCR# 3-74-1-17-3-1-1; February 9, 1961, SCR ID# 2-55-1-77-1-1-1; June 30 1961, SCR ID # 2-55-3-29-1-1-1; April 9, 1964, SCR# 1-77-0-19-1-1-1; June 29, 1964, SCR ID # 2-112-1-41-1-1-1, # 2-112-1-44-1-1-1; August 13, 1964, SCR # 2-112-1-19-1-1-1; August 25, 1964, SCR # 2-112-1-42-1-1-1, April 8, 1965, SCR# 6-36-0-51-2-1-1, SCR ID # 2-112-1-51-1-1-1, SCR ID # 2-112-1-50-1-1-1. MDAH. Digital Archives.

Humes, Henry Harrison, SCR ID # 1-0-0-18-1-1-1- to 99-95-0-13-1-1-1; SCR ID# 97-104-0-75-1-1-1; SCR ID# 97-104-0-77-3-1-1. MDAH. Digital Archive Johnston, Erle. Interviews conducted July 30, 1980, and August 13, 1993.
Civil Rights in Mississippi Digital Archive.
University of Southern Mississippi. http://www.lib.usm.edu/~spcol/crda/oh/index.html.

—A Report of the First 18 Months of the Public Relations Program, 1962, SCR ID# 99-139-0-1-1-1-1; February 8, 1965, SCR ID # 99-62-0-33-1-1-1. MDAH. Digital Archives.

—
I Rolled with Ross
. Forest, MS: Lake Harbor Publishers, 1980.

Katagiri, Yasuhiro.
The Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission: Civil Rights and States Rights
. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2001.

Kennard, Clyde. Editorial.
Hattiesburg American
(Hattiesburg, MS), December 6, 1958.

Kennedy, Randall.
Sellout: The Politics of Racial Betrayal.
New York: Vintage Books, 2009.

Levitas, Daniel.
The Terrorist Next Door: The Militia Movement and the Radical Right.
New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2002.

Maass, Peter. “The Secrets of Mississippi, Post Authoritarian Shock in the South.”
The New Republic
. December 21, 1998.

Mars, Florence and Lynn Eden.
Witness in Philadelphia.
Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1977.

The Message from Mississippi
(film). MSSC. July 1960. MDAH. Digital Archives.

Mississippi is Educating…Without Integrating
(pamphlet). MSSC. MDAH. Resource Room File.

“Moderation Stand Gives Negro Leaders Humes, Green Hot Time,”
Delta Democrat Times
(Greenville, MS), July 28, 1957.

MSSC. Sovereignty Commission records on formation of investigative function, SCR ID # 7-0-1-56-1-1-1 to SCR ID# 7-0-1-56-12-1-1; June 12, 1957, SCR# 10-0-1-108-1-1, SCR # 7-3-0-1-6-1-1; July 13, 1959, SCR ID# 7-0-1-56-1-1-1 to 7-0-1-56-12-1-1; July 6, 1961, SCR ID # 2-140-3-37-1-1-1; October 31, 1962, SCR # ID 97-11-0-222-1-1-1; MDAH. Digital Archives.

NAACP. “About the NAACP: History.” http://www.naacp.org/about/history/index.htm.

—New Member Card, #SCR ID 9-31-2-5-6-1-1. MDAH. Digital Archives.

“Negro Claims He Wants to Enroll at Mississippi Southern College,”
Meridian Star
, Meridian, MS, Dec. 11, 1958.

“Negroes to Pursue Vote,”
Daily Times Leader
, West Point, MS, November 17, 1958.

“No Cadillacking About—Negro Editor Challenges King to Make Himself a Martyr,”
Jackson Daily News
, July 6, 1961.

“No God—Non-Christian Freedom Riders Learn Trade in Red School,”
Jackson Clarion Ledger,
June 30, 1961.

Nossiter, Adam.
Of Long Memory: Mississippi and the Murder of Medgar Evers
. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1995.

Operator #79. March 15, 1964. SCR ID # 9-31-1-22-1-1-1. MDAH. Digital Archives.

Orr-Klopfer, M. Susan, Fred Klopfer, and Berry Klopfer.
Where Rebels Roost: Mississippi Civil Rights Revisited.
M. Susan Orr-Klopfer: 2005.

Percy, William Alexander,
Lanterns on the Levee: Recollections of a Planter’s Son,
Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1941.

“Riders Ties to Commies,”
Jackson Clarion Ledger
. July 2, 1961.

“Rifle Fingerprint Called Beckwith’s,”
Jackson Daily News
. Feb. 3, 1964.

Peterson, Jason A., “Forgotten and Ignored: Mississippi Newspaper Coverage of Clyde Kennard and His Effort to Integrate Mississippi Southern College.” Paper presented to the Association for Education in Journalism. August 2006.

Rosenberg, Gerald N.
The Hollow Hope: Can Courts Bring Social Change?
Urbana, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1991.

Scarborough, Tom, Oct 9 1962, SCR ID # 2-19-0-23-1-1-1. MDAH. Digital Archives.

Silver, James W.
Mississippi: The Closed Society
. London: Gollancz, 1964.

St. John Barrett, U.S. Department of Justice—Civil Rights Division.
A Personal Memoir 2008.

“Soviets Planned Freedom Rides, State Officials Tell of Havana Seminar,”
Jackson Daily News,
June 29, 1961.

“State Proves Negro’s Guilt,”
Memphis Commercial Appeal,
September 30, 1959.

“The Message from Mississippi” (speech), July 1960. MDAH.

“The South: Trouble in Alabama,”
Time
, May 26, 1961. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,872446,00.html.

“Sovereignty Commission Online Agency History.” Digital Collections. MDAH.

Tucker, William H.
The Funding of Scientific Racism, Wickliffe Draper and the Pioneer Fund
. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2002.

Van Landingham, Zach C. Aug. 30, 1958, SCR ID # 1-16-1-21-1-1-1 to 1-16-1-21-1-1-1; Dec. 17, 1958, SCR ID #1-27-0-6-1-1-1 to 1-27-0-6-37-1-1; May 6, 1959, SCR ID# 5-3-1-19-1-1-1; September 21, 1959, SCR ID #1-27-0-40-1-1-1 to 1-27-0-41-6-1-1-1, SCR ID# 1-27-0-41-1-1-1. MDAH. Digital Archives. Report to the State Legislature on the early activities of the Sovereignty Commission. SCR ID # 7-3-0-5-1-1-1 to 7-3-0-8-1-1-1. MDAH. Digital Archives.

Waldron, Ann.
Hodding Carter: The Reconstruction of a Racist
. Chapel Hill, NC: Algonquin Books, 1993.

Watner, Callia and Anya. “Clyde Kennard: Gone but Not Forgotten,”
Justice Denied: The Magazine for the Wrongly Convicted
, Summer 2006, no. 33. http://justicedenied.org/issue/issue_33/jd_issue_33.pdf.

Williams, Julian. “Percy Greene and the Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission.”
Journalism History
28, no. 2 (Summer 2002). University of Southern Mississippi Archive.