Stamped From the Beginning: The Definitive History of Racist Ideas in America (104 page)

Red Summer,
314–316

Redefining Realness
(Mock),
500

reformers, antiracist,
8
,
27
,
503–509

reformers, racist,
8

Regents v. Bakke
,
425–428

religion.
See
Christianity

Religious Society of Negroes,
62–63

reparations,
270–271
,
313
,
477

Republican Party

Democrats handing Hayes the presidency,
258

divisive Reconstruction policies,
255

emergence of,
203

Force Bill,
272–274

Liberal Republicans,
251

midterm elections,
206–207

Northern panic over Reconstruction,
238–239

passage of the Fifteenth Amendment,
248–249

rejecting Black suffrage,
244

response to Black Power,
396–398

“southern strategy,”
410–411

The Tragic Era
,
330–332

Reuter, Edward Bryon,
310

reverse discrimination,
239–240

Richards, Michael,
488

Roberts, Dorothy,
475–476

Roberts, John,
489

Robeson, Paul,
355
,
359

Robinson, Jo Ann,
365–366

Robinson, John C.,
232

Robinson, Mamie,
317

Robinson, Randall,
477

Rock, Chris,
465

Rockefeller, John D.,
253

Rocky/Rocky II
(films),
422

Roe v. Wade
,
414–415

Rogers, Renee,
421

Roman Empire, slavery in,
17

Roosevelt, Eleanor,
338

Roosevelt, Franklin,
337–338
,
341

Roosevelt, Theodore,
285
,
290–291
,
296–297

Roots: The Saga of an American Family
(Haley),
422

The Rose Bud
children’s magazine,
171–172

Royal Society (England),
44–46

runaway slaves,
62–63
,
79
,
103–104
,
182–186
,
189–190
,
216–218

Rush, Benjamin,
97–99
,
121–122
,
125–129
,
161–162

Rush, Richard,
146

Rusk, Dean,
375

Russian Revolution,
315

Russwurm, John,
155

Saffin, John,
66–67

Salem witch hunt,
60–63

Sancho, Ignatius,
96–97

Saperstein, Abe,
327–328

Savage Africa
(tract),
268

science,
112
,
126–127
,
209–211

scientific racism,
44–46

anthropologists denouncing,
341–342

autopsy of Sarah Baartman,
139

Boston Philosophical Society,
55

comparative anatomy,
132–134
,
180
,
280–281

defending slavery before Western Europe,
182

eugenics,
3
,
210–211
,
301–302
,
310–311
,
319–321
,
353–354

“extraordinary Negros,”
96–97

human genome project,
474–476

inoculation by African physicians,
71–72

Lombroso’s criminology,
257

Montagu countering,
353

physical anthropology,
332–333

studying and exhibiting uncultivated Barbarians,
94–95

the Great Migration,
329–330

Thomas Jefferson’s racist ideas,
108–110

Volney’s views of Blacks,
112

See also
monogenesis
;
polygenesis

Scottsboro Boys,
335

Seale, Bobby,
397

secession of the South,
211–212

Second Confiscation Act (1861),
217–220

Sedition Act (1798),
129

segregation

desegregation benefiting elites,
399

George Wallace,
410

Great Migration,
308–309

Great Strike of 1877,
258

housing discrimination,
356–357

lunch counter sit-in,
368–369

New South’s defense of,
265–268

Plessy v. Ferguson
,
278–279

Roosevelt crossing the color line,
291

separate and inferior Black facilities,
273–274

urban crime and poverty,
169–170

voluntary and involuntary,
339

segregationists,
2
,
4–5

biological basis of social behavior,
432

biological inequality,
3

Black suffrage,
245

Christianization of slaves,
46

Civil Rights Act,
385

dual-evolution theory,
353–354

FDR’s New Deal,
338–339

human genome project,
475–476

Hume’s natural human hierarchy,
95–96

impact of
The Bell Curve
,
459

Niggerati rejecting,
325–326

Obama as the extraordinary Negro,
483

Obama’s election,
498

Obama’s lecture on race,
493–494

Phillis Wheatley’s writings,
93–94

publication of
Types of Mankind
,
198

Sewall’s battle for freed slaves,
66–67

Supreme Court ruling on desegregation,
489

the myth of Black women’s loose morals,
445

three-fifths clause,
116

uplift suasion,
124–126

Voltaire’s writings,
84

Sellin, Thorsten,
329–330

The Selling of Joseph
(Sewall),
66

Selma, Alabama,
390

Seneca Falls Convention (1848),
191–193

Separate Car Act (Louisiana),
278–279

September
11
, 2001,
477–478

Set It Off
(film),
466

Sewall, Samuel,
66–67

sexism.
See
gender and gender racism
;
women

sexologists,
280

Sexual Racism
(Stember),
418

sexuality

exhibitions of Black women’s buttocks and genitalia,
137–139

Frazier on the Negro family,
342–343

HIV-positive men and women,
449

Jefferson’s affair with Sally Hemings,
117–118
,
129–130

miscegenation,
39
,
41–43
,
67–68
,
117–118
,
120
,
310–311
,
319–320

the claims of Black women’s loose morals,
445

See also
hypersexuality of African people
;
LGBT population
;
women

Shakespeare, William,
34–35
,
37

Shakur, Tupac,
453–454

Shange, Ntozake,
419

Shelley v. Kramer
,
356–357

Sherman, Richard,
502

Sherman, William T.,
230–231

Simons, Peter Paul,
179

Simpson, O. J.,
461

Sims, J. Marion,
185–186

Sister Souljah,
451–452

sit-ins,
368–369

Sketches of the History of Man
(Kames),
101–102

Slaughterhouse Cases
,
253

slave revolts,
69–70
,
103
,
119
,
123
,
131
,
140–141
,
143–144
,
149–150
,
166–167
,
173–174
,
207–208