Talking to the Enemy: Faith, Brotherhood, and the (Un)Making of Terrorists (72 page)

martyrdom and, 25

as “Mother of the World’s Problems,” 363, 368, 370, 374–75

Nablus, West Bank, 357–58

partition of, 386

peace and, 351–52, 366–72, 373–79

Ramallah, 358

rituals and martyrdom, 453–54

sacred values, 375–79, 383, 385

studies on moral imperative for terrorism, 341–44

suicide bombers, 326, 352–56

survey, conditions for peace, 375–79

survey, ranking of most admired people, 533n 6

third wave of jihad and, 114

Palin, Sarah, 463–68

Pape, Robert, 263

Pardo, Khalid Zeimi, 179, 180, 195–96

Patek, Umar, 148

Patterson, Gregory Vernon, 281

peace

boredom and, 324

Camp David summit (2000), 390

current era and, 329

improbablity of permanent, 331

Israeli-Palestinian, conditions for, 351–52, 366–79, 396–400

“moral absolutist” sentiment and, 377

prospects for, hopeful signs, 377–79

reframing sacred values and, 382–89, 400–401

sacred values and, 346, 373–401

survey, conditions for peace, 375–79

symbolic concessions and, 378, 389–93, 519n 6, 519n 7

words of apology, recognition, or respect and, 379, 389–93, 396–401

Pearl, Daniel, 275

Pelosi, Nancy, 304

Pennell, T. L., 5, 248, 256

Peres, Shimon, 361

Pershing, John J. “Blackjack,” 96

Persians, ancient, 67–68

Pertama, Dani, 167

Petraeus, David, 132

Philippines

Bates Treaty, 96

counterterrorism in, 261

jihadis in, 96

juramentoados
in, 95–96

Moro Islamic Liberation Front, 159

Moros, 96

Rizal Day bombings (2000), 156

U.S. repression of insurgency, 95–96

Philippines ambassador’s residence

bombing, 4, 123, 126, 145, 156

Phillips, Charles, 414

Pierce, William, 474

Pinker, Steven, 329, 412

Plato, 168

Plutarch, 295

Poland, 457

“Principles of Jihad”
(fiqh al-jihad),
3

prison radicalization, 279–84

James terrorist plot, 280–82

as Prislam, 283–84

Protocols of the Elders of Zion, The,
107, 365, 387

Qaradawi, Yusef al-, 276

Qari Hussain Mehsud, 265

Qawasmeh, Muhsein, 409, 410

Qayyum, Sardar Abdul, 230

Qotadah, 157

Qudah, Salman al-, 499n 9

Qutb, Sayyid, 83, 98, 99, 100, 104, 111, 308

Rais,
134

Rajaraman, Ramamurti, 484

Rantisi, Abdel Aziz al-, 25, 363, 365

Rapoport, David, 93

Rationalization of Jihad
(Sharif), 499n 9

Rauf, Abdul, 148

Rauf, Rashid, 269

Razdolskaya, Lyubov, 405

Raziq, Hashim Abdul, 367

Reagan, Ronald, 66, 236, 480

Reda, Sayem, 18

Red Crescent, 15

Reid, Richard (shoe-bomber), 274

religion, xiv, 403, 410–27.
See also
Christianity; Islam (Muslims)

Abraham’s sacrifice and, 432, 454–55

ambiguity of the sacred and, 382–84

in America, 461–69

atheism and, 416, 437, 523n 8

atrocities/terrorism and, 413–14

beliefs as rationally inscrutable, 448–49

causal relations between war, poverty, ignorance, and, 415

civil rights and, 470–71

collective identity and, 472

conflict between groups and, 457

cooperation and, 426, 450, 451, 457

costly commitment and, 433–34, 446–50, 455, 456, 475

counterintuitive beliefs, 440–44

Dawkins’ argument, 417–19

distant diety of eighteenth century, 76

early man, 65

emotional component of, 444–45

end of faith arguments, 410–27

enforcing moral and altruistic norms, 431–32, 452

“ethics of divinity,” 458

in Europe, 463, 475

evolutionary enigmas of, 430–34

existential anxieties and, 76, 430, 440, 444–45

fear-hope and, 32, 485

globalization, 69–74, 456, 471–74

Haidt and Joseph’s Internet Study, 458–59

human behavior and, 416–17

human need for, 37–40

human rights and, 39–40, 423–25

humans as storytelling animal and, 434–37

increase in fervor and new religious movements (NRMs), 429

intolerance, hate, and fanaticism, 474

jihadis and, 417–19

materialism and, 415

monotheism, xii, 37–40, 68–76, 78–79, 424, 456

morality and, 458–61

murdering of innocents and, 92

natural origins and evolution, 428–56

new atheists, xiii, 32, 417–27, 524n 23

new fundamentalism, 472

primacy of large-scale society over kin and tribal loyalties and, 38, 434, 453, 457

realist illusion and, 423–25

rituals, 444–54

sacred values, xiv, 11, 37–38, 40, 344–46

science/science-based morality, 31–32, 75–76, 412, 415–27, 430, 525n 29, 525n 32

small group dynamics and, 33–34

socioeconomic level of and, 414–15

study of, xiii–xiv, 426

supernatural agents, 437–40, 449, 450

survival of, 214

taboos, 452

Ten Commandments, 443–44

terrorism and, 406–7

toxic nature of, 375, 410

tribal trust and common cause instilled by, 32, 78, 450

as unifying families, 448

universality of, 458–61, 474–76

utopian communities, 449–50

wars and, 68, 414, 457

zealotry and, 454–56

Republic
(Plato), 168

Revolutionary Catechism
(Nechayev and Bakunin), 93–94

Richard I of England, 81–82

Rifaat Anouar, Asri (the Kid),
188,
189–91, 198, 202–3, 214, 486

Ring Banten, 146, 150, 152

Rizal Day bombings (2000), 156

Robertson, Pat, 437

Rohim, Abdul, 159

Rois, 150

Roosevelt, Franklin D., 87

Roosevelt, Theodore, 94–95

Rosenthal, Josh, 105, 106

Rosenthal, Marilyn, 105–6

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 393

Roy, Olivier, 472–73

Rumsfeld, Donald, 391–92

Russell, Bertrand, xiii

Russia, 9

anarchists as terrorists in, 93

Beslan massacre, 327, 365

Bolshevism, 97

Moscow subway bombings, 327

Okhrana, 96

religion in, 475, 476

Soviet-Afghan War, 99, 242, 247, 251–52

Stalinist, 98

tribalism in, 9

Rwanda, 35, 414, 415

Sabit (Saeffudin Zuhri), 165, 166

Sachdeva, Sonya, 379

sacred values, xiv, 40, 373–401

author’s studies of Muslim mujahedin, 11

cooperation and, 37–38

cultural differences, 394

Indonesia, India, Iran, and, 379–82

intractable political conflicts and, 346, 369, 375–79

Madagascar proverb, 373

Medin experiment, 522n 52

as nonrational, 38

Pashtunwali, 381

reframing, 382–89, 400–401

self-serving posturing and, 395–96

study of, 401

survey, conditions for peace, 375–79

trade-offs and, 394–95

violent response and, 344–46

West Point, 384–85

words of apology, recognition, or respect and, 379, 389–93, 520n 26

Sadat, Anwar, 83, 98, 100, 346, 400

Saeed, Hafz, 229, 234, 236, 505n 9

Sageman, Marc, 48, 55–56, 107, 108, 109, 112, 168–69, 170, 258, 276

appearance before Senate, 261

on Lamari, 503n 3

“leaderless jihad” and, 112, 473

Madrid train bombings, 503n 3

research on Al Qaeda enlistment, 328, 364, 416

in Tetuán, Morocco, 211–13

Saint-Exupéry, Antoine de, 330–31

Saladin, 77, 81–82,
82

Salafi Islam, 83, 90, 99–100, 102, 103, 119, 141–42, 181, 271, 472–73, 497n 15

Salam, Abdus, 232

Saleh, Anwar Adnan Ahmed (Sheikh Saleh), 174, 175, 179

Saleh, Basel, 362–63

Saleh As’ad, Kyai, 137

Salem, Mahmoud, 24–25

Samara, Hammad Riaz, 281

Samboja, Heri Sigu, 150

Samudra, Iman (Abdul Aziz), 123, 134, 135, 136, 143, 145, 146, 148–49, 150, 151, 158, 161, 167

Bali bombing (2002), 18, 121–23, 137–38, 141, 144, 146, 148

Sanchez, Olga, 181

Santa Ana bombings (2001), 157

Santayana, George, 318

Sarjiyo, 141, 158

Saudi Arabia, 87

Al Qaeda and, 102

Ba’asyir and Sungkar in, 141

funding of Muslim centers, 175

jihadis fighting in Iraq, 114–15

prison interviews with terrorists, 114–15

Wahhabism and, 102

Savitsky, Valentin, 29

Sayyaf, Abdul Rasul, 141

Schama, Simon, 470

Scheuer, Mike, 495n 15

science/science-based morality, 31–32, 75–76, 412, 415–27, 430, 525n 29, 525n 32

secularists/secularism, xiii, 23, 37, 38, 39, 83, 86, 100, 101, 139, 250–51, 344, 379, 411, 412, 418, 421, 429, 450, 454, 473, 474–76, 484, 489

Sedaka, Dov “Fufi,” 518n 1

Senguen, Aysel, 106

Serhane Abdelmajid Faket (the Tunisian), 176–84, 177, 188–91, 195–98, 203, 208, 271, 503n 3

Setmarian Nasar, Mustafa (Abu Musa al-Suri), 174, 175,
175,
473

Setyono, Edy, 157

Shahri, Sufyan al-Azdi al-, 104

Shahzad, Faisal, 265, 269, 276

Shalit, Gilad, 370

Shallah, Ramadan, 332

Sharif, Sayyid Imam al-, 499n 9

Sharon, Ariel, 358, 361, 378, 390, 519n 6

Shehi, Marwan al-, 105–12

Shibh, Ramzi bin al-, 107, 108, 110, 110, 111, 112, 180

Shikaki, Khalil, 359, 360, 367, 372

Shuar of Peru, 324

Shweder, Richard, 458

Singapore, 15, 160

Sinjar Report on Foreign Fighters in Iraq,
114