Target Tokyo: Jimmy Doolittle and the Raid That Avenged Pearl Harbor (102 page)

417
 “Civilization”: “Murder in Tokyo,”
Time
, May 3, 1943, p. 20.

417
 “The Japs are even lower”: “Those Jap Murders,” editorial,
Independent-Tribune
, May 1, 1943, in Box 2215, RG 165, Records of the War Department General and Special Staffs, Military Intelligence Division, “Regional File” 1922–44, NARA.

418
 “Horror breeds a demand:” “Japanese Barbarity,” editorial,
Washington Post
, April 23, 1943, p. 10.

418
 “The raid on Tokyo”: David Lawrence, “Was Doolittle’s Raid on Japan Worth Men and Planes It Cost?,”
Spokane Daily Chronicle
, April 24, 1943, p. 4. See also “Shangri-la,” editorial,
Christian Science Monitor
, April 21, 1943, p. 20.

418
 “We must not rest”: “Arnold Pledges Men to Revenge,”
New York Times
, April 22, 1943, p. 4.

418
 “We’ll make the bastards pay!”: Halsey,
Admiral Halsey’s Story
, p. 104.

418
 “We will drop each bomb”: “Doolittle Pledges New Blows to Make Japan Beg Mercy,”
New York Times
, April 23, 1943, p. 1.

418
 “The day will come”: Ibid.

419
 “We won’t forget!”: Joseph W. Manske, “We’ll Return, Vow of Tokio Raider,”
New York Journal-American
, April 23, 1943, p. 5.

419
 “She was very upset”: Sid Gross to Stephen Early, June 28, 1943, Box 4, OF 4675, FDRL.

419
 “The Japanese just can’t be”: “Mothers Pray Japs Spared Captured Men,”
Chicago Daily Tribune
, April 23, 1943, p. 6.

419
 “I don’t see how”: Ibid.

419
 “What the Japs are dealing out”: “Mother of Flier Captured by Japs says Nation Must Be Humane to Prisoners,”
St. Petersburg Times
, April 22, 1943, p. 6.

CHAPTER 24

420
 “For victory”: “They Must Be Avenged!,” editorial,
Philadelphia Inquirer
, April 22, 1943, p. 12.

420
 Ski York and his crew: Unless otherwise noted, details of York’s crew’s time in Russia are drawn from the following sources: Emmens,
Guests of the Kremlin
, pp. 114–291; Emmens oral history interview with Hasdorff, July 8–9, 1982; York oral history interview with Hasdorff, July 23, 1984; “Interview with B-25 Crew That Bombed Tokyo and Was Interned by the Russians,” transcript, June 3, 1943; Pohl as told to Dwiggins, “We Crash Landed in Russia—and Escaped,” pp. 57–59.

420
 “There was no pavement”: Emmens oral history interview with Hasdorff, July 8–9, 1982.

420
 “The odor”: Emmens,
Guests of the Kremlin
, p. 131.

420
 “I will never forget”: Ibid., p. 137.

421
 “I wonder how old”: This exchange is ibid.

421
 “The countryside”: Standley,
Admiral Ambassador to Russia
, p. 227.

421
 “Boy”: Emmens,
Guests of the Kremlin
, p. 141.

421
 “I saw a little group”: Standley,
Admiral Ambassador to Russia
, p. 227.

421
 “Wonderful country”: This exchange comes from Emmens,
Guests of the Kremlin
, p. 143. Standley recounts this exchange as well in his book, on pp. 227–28.

421
 “log cabin”: Standley,
Admiral Ambassador to Russia
, p. 227.

421
 “Not exactly like home”: Emmens,
Guests of the Kremlin
, p. 143.

421
 “What news do you have”: This exchange is ibid., pp. 144–48.

422
 “I felt a tremendous letdown”: Ibid., p. 148.

422
 “I felt terribly sorry”: Standley,
Admiral Ambassador to Russia
, p. 229.

422
 “General, we are having”: This exchange comes from Emmens,
Guests of the Kremlin
, pp. 148–50.

423
 “I felt as if”: Ibid., p. 150.

423
 “good health”: William Standley to Cordell Hull, Sept. 13, 1942, in U.S. Department of State,
Foreign Relations of the United States: Diplomatic Papers, 1942
, vol. 3, p. 637.

423
 “I knew how”: Standley,
Admiral Ambassador to Russia
, p. 230.

424
 “Our morale”: Emmens,
Guests of the Kremlin
, p. 158.

424
 “yes, sir”: York oral history interview with Hasdorff, July 23, 1984.

424
 “I knew we had”: Ibid.

424
 “In America”: Emmens,
Guests of the Kremlin
, p. 175.

424
 “I spent about ten hours”: York oral history interview with Hasdorff, July 23, 1984.

424
 “The heaviest loser”: Emmens,
Guests of the Kremlin
, p. 158.

424
 “Well, what are”: This exchange is ibid., p. 163.

425
 “I see some indications”: Ibid., p. 168.

425
 “Based on Soviet standards”: Loy Henderson to Cordell Hull, Nov. 30, 1942, in U.S. Department of State,
Foreign Relations of the United States: Diplomatic Papers, 1942
, vol. 3, p. 665.

425
 “It would be desirable”: Ibid.

425
 “Looks like we’re here”: This exchange comes from Emmens,
Guests of the Kremlin
, pp. 172–73.

426
 “We turned down”: Emmens oral history interview with Hasdorff, July 8–9, 1982.

426
 “We would stake”: Ibid.

426
 “Our spirits”: Emmens,
Guests of the Kremlin
, p. 206.

426
 “On one of the trips”: Ibid., pp. 206–7.

426
 “Our gums were bleeding”: Ibid., p. 211.

427
 “Are you serious?”: This exchange is ibid.

427
 “You don’t know about us”: York oral history interview with Hasdorff, July 23, 1984.

427
 “I will mail it at once”: This exchange comes from Emmens,
Guests of the Kremlin
, p. 213.

427
 “We never stopped”: Ibid.

427
 “God, won’t it be a day”: This exchange is ibid., p. 216.

428
 “This letter was received”: This exchange is ibid., pp. 220–21.

428
 “I couldn’t believe”: York oral history interview with Hasdorff, July 23, 1984.

428
 “Where are we going?”: This exchange comes from Emmens,
Guests of the Kremlin
, pp. 222–23.

428
 “We had to walk up”: Emmens oral history interview with Hasdorff, July 8–9, 1982.

429
 “At the end”: Emmens,
Guests of the Kremlin
, p. 229.

429
 “Chkolov presented”: Ibid., p. 232.

429
 “Well worn”: Ibid., p. 234.

429
 “Where are you going?”: This exchange comes from Emmens oral history interview with Hasdorff, July 8–9, 1982.

429
 “You must be patient”: Emmens,
Guests of the Kremlin
, p. 237.

430
 “I had nothing to do”: This exchange is ibid., p. 243.

430
 “This news was a shock”: Ibid., p. 248.

430
 “Very well”: Ibid., p. 252.

430
 “The border is manned”: Ibid.

431
 “Our spirits rose”: Emmens oral history interview with Hasdorff, July 8–9, 1982.

431
 “Sergeant, why don’t”: Emmens,
Guests of the Kremlin
, p. 254.

431
 “You and that goddamn”: This exchange comes from Emmens oral history interview with Hasdorff, July 8–9, 1982.

432
 “I can’t be seen”: Ibid.

432
 “You’re Abdul Arram”: This exchange comes from Emmens,
Guests of the Kremlin
, pp. 258–61.

432
 “It seemed like a dream”: Ibid., p. 264.

433
 “There was only silence”: Ibid., p. 270.

433
 “Suddenly we all heard”: Ibid.

433
 “More—Mashhad”: Ibid., p. 271.

433
 “It ground over”: Emmens oral history interview with Hasdorff, July 8–9, 1982.

433
 “The bottom of that truck”: Emmens,
Guests of the Kremlin
, p. 273.

433
 “We could tell”: Emmens oral history interview with Hasdorff, July 8–9, 1982.

434
 “Out”: Ibid.

434
 “Pssst”: Ibid.

434
 “You would take one step”: Ibid.

434
 “I don’t think”: Ibid.

434
 “The guy who had been”: Ibid.

435
 “I was staring directly”: Emmens,
Guests of the Kremlin
, p. 278.

435
 “Oh, my God”: Emmens oral history interview with Hasdorff, July 8–9, 1982.

435
 “Slowly the guardrail”: Emmens,
Guests of the Kremlin
, pp. 278–79.

435
 “It was desolate country”: Emmens oral history interview with Hasdorff, July 8–9, 1982.

435
 “Out”: This exchange is ibid.

435
 “Impossible”: Emmens,
Guests of the Kremlin
, p. 280.

435
 “Well, here we are!”: This exchange is ibid., p. 282.

436
 “Now’s our chance!”: Ibid., p. 284.

436
 “It wasn’t more than”: Ibid.

436
 “We took a deep breath”: Emmens oral history interview with Hasdorff, July 8–9, 1982.

436
 “American! American!”: This exchange is ibid.

436
 “Did you ever see anything”: This exchange comes from Emmens,
Guests of the Kremlin
, p. 287.

437
 “My God”: Ibid., p. 288.

437
 “Where in the hell”: Emmens oral history interview with Hasdorff, July 8–9, 1982.

437
 “Would you like”: Ibid.

CHAPTER 25

438
 “In war as it is fought today”: Ernest Lindley, “New Japanese Horror,”
Washington Post
, April 23, 1943, p. 11.

438
 “Though we were in separate cells”: Hite and DeShazer, “Doolittle Fliers’ Saga of Living Death: Confinement,” p. 12.

439
 “We lined up”: Ibid.

439
 “For bombing and strafing”: Ibid.

439
 “But through the gracious”: Ibid.

439
 “I could not help”: Watson,
DeShazer
, p. 50.

439
 “Notify U.S. Army”: Irene Kuhn, “Tea and Ashes,” in Overseas Press Club of America,
Deadline Delayed
(New York: E. P. Dutton, 1947), p. 275.

439
 Other raiders likewise used: Caesar Luis Dos Remedios testimony in the case of
United States of America vs. Shigeru Sawada et al.

439
 “Lt. G. Barr, USAAC”: Kuhn, “Tea and Ashes,” p. 274.

439
 The airmen struggled: Chase J. Nielsen testimony in the case of
United States of America vs. Shigeru Sawada et al.

440
 “We were so thrilled”: Hite oral history interview with Hasdorff, Dec. 16–17, 1982.

440
 DeShazer shimmied up: Watson,
DeShazer
, p. 53.

440
 Hite set a goal: Hite oral history interview with Hasdorff, Dec. 16–17, 1982.

440
 “These are things”: Ibid.

440
 “It was flat country”: Robert L. Hite and Jacob DeShazer, “Doolittle Fliers’ Saga of Living Death: Single Prisoner Battles Jap Guards over Foot-Washing,”
News and Courier
, Sept. 24, 1945, p. 3.

440
 The men arrived: Details drawn from the testimony of Chase Nielsen in the case of
United States of America vs. Shigeru Sawada et al.
; Robert L. Hite and Jacob DeShazer, “Doolittle Fliers’ Saga of Living Death: Single Prisoner Battles,” p. 3.

440
 “The furnishings consisted”: Hite and DeShazer, “Doolittle Fliers’ Saga of Living Death: Single Prisoner Battles,” p. 3.

441
 “The rest of the time”: Ibid.

441
 “Day in and day out”: Robert L. Hite and Jacob DeShazer, “Doolittle Fliers’ Saga of Living Death: ‘Tin Cup’ News Service Outwitted Japs for Time,”
News and Courier
, Sept. 25, 1945, p. 5.

441
 “Some guards would torment”: Barr, “Rough Draft of a Story by Capt. George Barr.”

441
 “Connie G. Battles”: Hite and DeShazer, “Doolittle Fliers’ Saga of Living Death: ‘Tin Cup’ News Service,” p. 5.

441
 “tincup news service”: Ibid.

441
 “Russians on German border”: Ibid.

442
 “That way we learned”: Ibid.

442
 “He could see something funny”: Robert L. Hite and Jacob DeShazer, “Doolittle Fliers’ Saga of Living Death: Death of American Prisoner Bitter Experience,”
News and Courier
, Sept. 26, 1945, p. 9.

442
 “He was certain”: Hite and DeShazer, “Doolittle Fliers’ Saga of Living Death: ‘Tin Cup’ News Service,” p. 5.

442
 “toothpick”: Hite and DeShazer, “Doolittle Fliers’ Saga of Living Death: Death of American Prisoner,” p. 9.

442
 “We begged to go”: Barr, “Rough Draft of a Story by Capt. George Barr.”

442
 “Listen”: Hite and DeShazer, “Doolittle Fliers’ Saga of Living Death: Death of American Prisoner,” p. 9.

442
 “It was sort of sad”: Hite oral history interview with Hasdorff, Dec. 16–17, 1982.

442
 “Just pray”: Ibid.

443
 “Immediately artificial”: “Medical Report on the Death of Lt. Meder,” Dec. 1, 1943, Box 2179, RG 389, Records of the Office of the Provost Marshal General, American POW Information Bureau Records Branch, General Subject File, 1942–46, NARA.

443
 Unaware that his friend: Watson,
DeShazer
, p. 57.

443
 The Japanese had stuffed: Hite oral history interview with Hasdorff, Dec. 16–17, 1982.

443
 “The body was”: Hite and DeShazer, “Doolittle Fliers’ Saga of Living Death: Death of American Prisoner,” p. 9.

443
 “For several days”: Ibid.

443
 “To be opened”: Bob Meder to Family, undated, Box 21, DPLOC.

443
 “I am writing this letter”: Ibid.

444
 “His mission was accomplished”: Address of Lt. Gen. J. H. Doolittle, Cleveland Aviation Club, Cleveland, Oct. 18, 1945, transcript, Box 7, Series IV, DPUT.