Team of Rivals (148 page)

“to do any act…a civil war”: Entry for March 16, 1861, in
The Diary of Edward Bates, 1859–1866,
p. 179.

“an inevitable…the better”: Simon Cameron to AL, March 16, 1861, Lincoln Papers.

“impression has gone…untold disaster”: GW to AL, March 15, 1861, Lincoln Papers.

“it would not…circumstances”: Caleb B. Smith to AL, March 16, 1861, Lincoln Papers.

“every new conquest…those who administer it”: MB to AL, March 15, 1861, Lincoln Papers.

if he could keep Virginia…give up Sumter: Thomas,
Abraham Lincoln,
pp. 251–52; Van Deusen,
William Henry Seward,
p. 278.

“utterly ruinous…recognition abroad”: AL, “Message to Congress in Special Session,” July 4, 1861, in
CW,
IV, p. 424.

Lincoln sent Fox to talk directly: Nicolay and Hay,
Abraham Lincoln,
Vol. III, p. 389.

half-rations…until April 15: Ari Hoogenboom, “Gustavus Fox and the Relief of Fort Sumter,”
Civil War History
9 (December 1963), p. 386.

Lincoln sent Stephen Hurlbut…“a fixed fact”: Nicolay and Hay,
Abraham Lincoln,
Vol. III, pp. 390–91 (quote p. 391).

“a cypher…a humdrum lawyer”: Niven,
Salmon P. Chase,
p. 244.

“humiliating…their respective states”: WHS to AL, March 28, 1861, Lincoln Papers.

“certainly have…show me”: SPC to AL, March 28, 1861, Lincoln Papers.

“I believe…Whig & Democratic element”: FPB to SPC, March 26, 1861, reel 14, Chase Papers.

cabinet meetings set for Tuesdays and Fridays: Niven,
Salmon P. Chase,
p. 247 (quote);
Welles diary,
Vol. I, (1960 edn.), pp. 7–8.

William Russell: Leech,
Reveille in Washington,
p. 51.

“a subtle, quick…state mysteries”: Entry for March 26, 1861, in William Howard Russell,
My Diary North and South
(Boston: T. O. H. P. Burnham, 1863), p. 34.

“put out his hand…‘the Mississippi’”: Entry for March 27, 1861, in ibid., p. 39.

“was already seated…agreeable, and sprightly”: Ibid., pp. 41–42.

“easily…or Reynolds”: Belden and Belden,
So Fell the Angels,
pp. 5–6.

“In reality…charm and magnetism”: Mrs. Charles Walker, quoted in
Cincinnati Enquirer,
August 1, 1899.

“I shall be glad…
me
at any time”:
Cincinnati Enquirer,
August 1, 1899; Belden and Belden,
So Fell the Angels,
p. 4 (italics from Belden and Belden).

“there was a Babel…he is famous”: Entry for March 28, 1861, in Russell,
My Diary North and South,
pp. 43, 44.

“according to recent…slave-holding States”: Nicolay and Hay,
Abraham Lincoln,
Vol. III, p. 394.

“A very oppressive silence…not General”: MB to GW, May 17, 1873, reel 25, Welles Papers.

“timid temporizing…you are lost”: FPB, Sr., to Martin Van Buren, May 1, 1861, reel 34, Papers of Martin Van Buren, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress.

Lincoln was unable to sleep: Nicolay and Hay,
Abraham Lincoln,
Vol. III, p. 395.

“of all the trials…to survive them”: Memorandum, July 3, 1861, quoted in Nicolay,
With Lincoln in the White House,
p. 46.

Lincoln presented…“for his expedition”: Nicolay and Hay,
Abraham Lincoln,
Vol. III, pp. 429–33 (quote p. 433).

“would be impossible…of time”: JGN to TB, March 31, 1861, container 2, Nicolay Papers.

“it was finally…to go to war”: George Harrington, “President Lincoln and His Cabinet: Inside Glimpses,” undated, unpublished manuscript, George R. Harrington Papers, Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis, Mo.

“a peaceful…of the whole north”: Frederick L. Roberts to WHS, March 18, 1861, reel 62, Seward Papers.

“Unionists…
save the country”
: Benjamin Ogle Tayloe to WHS, April 3, 1861, reel 63, Seward Papers.

“no conception…equal to the hour”: Entries for March 28 (first quote) and March 31, 1861, Charles Francis Adams diary, reel 76.

“two supreme illusions”: Frederic Bancroft, “Seward’s Proposition of April 1, 1861, For a Foreign War and a Dictatorship,”
Harper’s New Monthly Magazine
99 (October 1899), p. 791.

Three commissioners…resorted to an indirect link: Thomas,
Abraham Lincoln,
pp. 250–51.

“would be evacuated…next five days”: Ellsworth D. Draper and Joshua L. Rosenbloom, “Secession C: Fort Sumter: The Near Fiasco,” p. 9, Case Study, Lincoln and Fort Sumter, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, 1983, author’s collection.

“Some thoughts for the President’s consideration”: WHS to AL, April 1, 1861, Lincoln Papers.

“handwriting…hands of any clerk”: Seward,
Reminiscences of a War-Time Statesman and Diplomat,
p. 149.

“We are…domestic or foreign”: WHS to AL, “Some thoughts for the President’s consideration,” April 1, 1861, Lincoln Papers.

“the symbolism of Federal authority”: Draper and Rosenbloom, “Secession C: Fort Sumter,” p. 11.

under the heading of “For Foreign Nations”: Norman B. Ferris, “Lincoln and Seward in Civil War Diplomacy: Their Relationship at the Outset Reexamined,”
Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association
12 (1991), pp. 25–26.

“that there was no…the ruling party”: WHS, quoted by Rudolf Schleiden, quoted in Richard N. Current, “Comment,”
JALA
(1991), p. 45.

“whatever policy…assume responsibility”: WHS to AL, “Some thoughts for the President’s consideration,” April 1, 1861, Lincoln Papers.

“had Mr. Lincoln…the whole affair”: Nicolay,
A Short Life of Abraham Lincoln,
pp. 186, 187.

dashed off a reply…to respond in person: Donald,
Lincoln,
p. 290.

“without a policy…
I
must do it”: AL to WHS, April 1, 1861, in
CW,
IV, pp. 316–17.

“to put down…this thing through”: Entry for March 31, 1861, private journal of Montgomery Meigs (copy), container 13, Nicolay Papers.

“fit out the
Powhatan
…she is fitting out”: AL to Andrew H. Foote, April 1, 1861, in
CW,
IV, p. 314.

three hundred sailors: Fox to MB, April 17, 1861, in
Confidential Correspondence of Gustavus Vasa Fox,
p. 33; “Result of G.V. Fox’s Plan for Reinforcing Fort Sumpter; In His Own Writing,” reprinted in ibid., p. 39.

assigned the
Powhatan
simultaneously to both Pickens and Sumpter: “Result of G.V. Fox’s Plan for Reinforcing Fort Sumpter” p. 40; Fox to his wife [Virginia Woodbury Fox], May 2, 1861, ibid., pp. 42–43.

“Your father says…put my name?”: Seward,
Reminiscences of a War-Time Statesman and Diplomat,
p. 148.

“leave New York…disposing of your force”:
Welles diary,
Vol. I (1960 edn.), pp. 22–23.

“I am directed…without further notice”: Simon Cameron to Robert S. Chew, April 6, 1861, in
CW,
IV, p. 323.

Lincoln had devised a means: Don E. Fehrenbacher, “Lincoln’s Wartime Leadership: The First Hundred Days,”
Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association
9 (1987), esp. p. 7.

“embarrassed by…errors imputed to them”:
Welles diary,
Vol. I (1960 edn.), pp. 23–25.

Porter had already set sail…had priority: Hoogenboom, “Gustavus Fox and the Relief of Fort Sumter,”
CWH
(1963), p. 392.

Fox reached Charleston…futilely searching: Fox to MB, April 17, 1861, in
Confidential Correspondence of Gustavus Vasa Fox,
p. 32.

At 3:30 a.m…. in one hour: James Chesnut, Jr., and Stephen D. Lee to Robert Anderson, April 12, 1861, enclosure 5 of Robert Anderson to Lorenzo Thomas, April 19, 1861,
OR,
Ser. 1, Vol. I, p. 14.

Anderson’s small garrison…“fighting launches”: Fox to MB, April 17, 1861, in
Confidential Correspondence of Gustavus Vasa Fox,
pp. 32–34 (quote p. 33).

“the conflagration…taken refuge”: Abner Doubleday,
Reminiscences of Forts Sumter and Moultrie in 1860–’61
(New York: Harper & Bros., 1876), p. 157.

Thirty-four hours after…surrendered: Robert Anderson to Simon Cameron, April 18, 1860,
OR,
Ser. 1, Vol. I, p. 12.

a dignified fifty-round salute: Entry of April 14, 1861,
Diary of Edmund Ruffin,
Vol. I, ed. William Kauffmann Scarborough (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1972), p. 599; Robert Anderson to Simon Cameron, April 18, 1860,
OR,
Ser. 1, Vol. I, p. 12.

only one Union soldier: David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler, “Fort Sumter, Bombardment of 12–14 April 1861,” in
Encyclopedia of the American Civil War: A Political, Social, and Military History,
ed. David S. Heidler and Jeanne T. Heidler (New York and London: W. W. Norton, 2000), p. 760. Another soldier was mortally wounded in the explosion.

“it would be…of his friend”: Hamilton Basso,
Beauregard: The Great Creole
(New York and London: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1933), p. 84.

Convinced that…“the general public”: “Result of G.V. Fox’s Plan for Reinforcing Fort Sumpter,” in
Confidential Correspondence of Gustavus Vasa Fox,
p. 41.

“by an accident…justified by the result”: AL to Gustavus V. Fox, in
CW,
IV, pp. 350–51.

“but beyond…no using of force”: AL, “First Inaugural Address—Final Text,” March 4, 1861, in ibid., p. 266.

fatalities: “The Price in Blood: Casualties in the Civil War,” www.civilwarhome/casualties.htm., accessed July 2005.

CHAPTER 13: “THE BALL HAS OPENED”

“where the great lamps…question of disunion”: Walt Whitman,
Specimen Days, The Complete Prose Works of Walt Whitman,
Vol. I (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1902), pp. 28–30.

“Our people now…is dead”:
Daily National Intelligencer,
Washington, D.C., April 15, 1861.

“The ball has opened…their glasses”:
NYT,
April 13, 1861.

cabinet session…“to invite disaster”: Seward,
Reminiscences of a War-Time Statesman and Diplomat,
p. 152.

“history tells us…lose their heads”: WHS, quoted in entry for March 26, 1861, in Russell,
My Diary North and South,
p. 35.

set the Fourth of July…“by the Executive”: Seward,
Reminiscences of a War-Time Statesman and Diplomat,
p. 152.

Nicolay made a copy: JGN to TB, April 14, 1861, container 2, Nicolay Papers.

stamped the great seal…following day: Seward,
Reminiscences of a War-Time Statesman and Diplomat,
p. 152.

Lincoln took a carriage ride: JGN to TB, April 14, 1861, container 2, Nicolay Papers.

he welcomed his old rival…would be dead: Sandburg,
Abraham Lincoln: The War Years,
Vol. I, p. 213; entry for June 3, 1861, in Long,
The Civil War Day by Day,
p. 82.

his solid support…“maintain the Government”:
Daily Morning Chronicle,
Washington, D.C., October 16, 1864.

“In this hour…treason and traitors”:
New York Leader
(first quote) and
Boston Herald
(second quote), reprinted in
NYTrib,
April 15, 1861.

“The response…by telegraph”: Seward,
Reminiscences of a War-Time Statesman and Diplomat,
p. 153.

“We begin to look…a week ago”: Entry for April 15, 1861,
Diary of George Templeton Strong,
Vol. III, pp. 120–21.

Seward predicted…in sixty days: Carpenter, “A Day with Governor Seward,” Seward Papers.

“be bloody…and ruin”: “Washington Correspondence, 16 April 1861,” in Hay,
Lincoln’s Journalist,
p. 58.

“for the wicked…Southern States”: Governor of Kentucky (Beriah Magoffin), quoted in Seward,
Reminiscences of a War-Time Statesman and Diplomat,
p. 154.

Virginia seceded from the Union: Long,
The Civil War Day by Day,
p. 60.

“one of the most…history”: J. G. Randall,
Lincoln the President.
Vol. I:
Springfield to Gettysburg, part I
(New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 1946–55; New York: Da Capo Press, 1997), p. 357.

“We never saw”…soon be fifteen:
Daily Picayune,
New Orleans, April 19, 1861, morning edition (first and second quote), afternoon edition (third quote).

“the very best…in the field”: General Winfield Scott, quoted in
The Wartime Papers of R. E. Lee,
ed. Clifford Dowdey and Louis H. Manarin (Boston: Little, Brown, for the Virginia Civil War Commission, 1961), p. 3.

Lincoln had designated Blair: Robert E. Lee to Reverdy Johnson, February 25, 1868, in
Wartime Papers of R. E. Lee,
p. 4.

“I come to you…the Union army?”: FPB, quoted in William Ernest Smith,
The Francis Preston Blair Family in Politics,
Vol. II (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1933), p. 17.

“as candidly and as courteously”: Lee to Johnson, February 25, 1868, in
Wartime Papers of R. E. Lee,
p. 4.