Tears in the Darkness (74 page)

Our agent, Esther Newberg, has stood by us through decades of failure and a few, brief moments of success. John Glusman, our initial editor, helped shape the book in its early stages before moving on. Ann King was our first and most faithful reader. Senior editor Paul Elie of Farrar, Straus and Giroux took the completed manuscript and applied
to it his considerable skill and craftsmanship for a final draft and polish. Georgia Cool shepherded the manuscript through to print.

We wrote this book for our sons, who are mentioned in the dedication, and for our late fathers, Jack Dempsey and Bernie Goldman, both combat veterans of World War II in Europe. We come from large extended families, ranks and files of brothers and sisters and cousins and in-laws, and we thank all of them (notably the newest, our daughter-in-law, Rachel Cahn Norman) for their loyalty, patience, and love.

 

 

 

 

 

Abo-Abo River,
214

Abucay,
195–97

“active defense” strategy,
42

Agoo,
48

agriculture,
294
,
296
,
320

Aguinaldo, Emilio,
40

Alangan River,
145
,
146–47
,
149

Aldrich, Johnny,
229
,
238
,
240

Amaterasu,
22

amebiasis,
335

ammunition,
46
,
66
,
77
,
84
,
96
,
100
,
151
; Japanese shortages of,
85
,
89
,
99

amnesia,
262
,
273

Anaconda, Mont.,
132
,
133

Angeles,
76

Aoya,
77

Aquino, Tony,
175
,
176

Araki, Sadao,
101

Arisan Maru,
305–308

Army, Japanese,
see
Japanese Imperial Army

Army, Philippine,
see
Philippine Commonwealth Army

Army, U.S.,
9
,
41
,
42
,
345
,
350
; enlistee report of,
39
;
esprit de corps
vs.
esprit étroit
in,
39
; Japanese invasion and,
43–51
; MacArthur made commander of Far East forces of,
17
; Philippines withdrawal of,
3
,
42
,
49–51
,
58–60
; in POW plan,
411
n; in Quinauan Point battle,
98–105
; in second battle for Bataan,
136–50
;
see also
31st Infantry, U.S.

Army Air Corps, U.S.,
63
,
252
,
333
,
389
; basic training in,
10–11
; Filipino expectations of,
46–47
; in MacArthur's plan,
43
; mechanics of,
246–47
; Philippine headquarters of,
21
; Steele's enlisting in,
5
,
9
,
218
; withdrawal and,
49–50
;
see also
Clark Field
;
19th Bombardment Group
;
Provisional Air Corps Infantry

Army Air Force Regional and Convalescent Hospital,
339

Army and Navy Club,
15

Army Department, U.S.,
392

Army General Staff College, Japanese,
347

Army War Crimes Investigation Detachment,
354

Arnold, Henry H.,
21

art, artists,
159–60
; Steele as professor of,
6
,
392–93
,
395
; Steele's education in,
387–91

Ashmead-Bartlett, Ellis,
82

Ashton, Paul,
182
,
258–65
; as fighting man,
258–59
; at Tayabas Road site,
259–65
,
415n

Asiatic Fleet, U.S.,
19
,
44
,
298

Aspevig, Clyde,
395

Atimonan,
249

atomic bomb,
328
,
329–30

Australia,
280
,
344
; convoy rumor and,
114
,
116
,
122
; MacArthur in,
125
,
234
,
344

Ayabe,
96
,
105

 

B-17 bombers,
16
,
21
,
26–27
,
31
,
43
,
125

B-29 bombers,
327–28
,
329

Bagac,
67
,
91
,
188
,
202

Baguio,
401n

Balanga,
168
,
177
,
187–88
,
193
,
199
,
202
,
203
,
362
,
371
,
411n
; chaos in,
188
; feeding station at,
412n
; field hospital in,
412n
; holding pens in,
188–90
,
230

Baldassarre, James,
186
,
362–64

bananas, banana plants,
182
,
194
,
285

Bank, Burt,
191

Banzai,
78
,
385
,
404n

Basiad River,
249
,
250
,
254
,
256–57
,
260
,
264
,
415n

Bataan Death March,
4–5
,
167–202
,
224
,
269
,
270
,
282
,
291
,
337
; ad hoc operations in,
188
; buzzard squads (“cleanup” crews) in,
180
,
186
,
199
; comradeship in,
172
; conformity efforts in,
183–84
; dying during sleep in,
190–91
; falling by the wayside in,
171
,
174–75
,
180
; food and,
174
,
182–83
,
184
,
187–88
,
190
,
196
,
197
,
412n
; Homma's ignorance about,
344
,
346
,
349
,
370
; Homma trial and,
361–64
,
366
,
369–72
,
375–76
,
380
; kith and kin along the road of,
195–97
; as misnomer,
168
; officers forty or fifty years old in,
186–87
; in POW plan,
411n
; press coverage of,
344
,
345–46
; refugees along the road of,
193–95
; rumors and expressions of hope in,
169
,
187
; shootings in,
179
,
180
,
181
,
187
,
193
,
376
; stage one of,
168–73
,
411n
; Steele's drawings of,
295
; struggle against despair in,
172–73
; water and,
174
,
176–80
,
190
,
193
,
195–98
,
295
,
395
,
412n
; wounded Filipino soldiers in,
171–72
,
180

Bataan peninsula,
3–5
,
58–67
,
71–77
,
83–96
,
98–107
,
111–29
,
298
,
310
,
313
; Allied failed counterattack in,
144
; Allied food problem in,
114–23
; Allied morale problems in,
115
,
121
,
122
,
128
,
144
; Allied surrender in,
4
,
146
,
147
,
149–56
,
161–63
,
166
,
167
,
172
,
194
,
195
,
206
,
213
; Allied withdrawal to,
3
,
42
,
49
,
58–63
,
115
; blockade plan for,
72
; bombing of,
63
,
128
,
134
,
139
,
140
,
142–43
,
147–48
,
151
,
171
,
194
; as brutal battlefield,
71–72
; defense lines in,
67
,
90
,
127–29
,
141–47
,
149
; defense plans for,
60
; disease in,
89
,
113
,
118
,
119–20
,
142
,
161
,
189
,
190–92
,
194
,
202
,
205
; East-West Road in,
90
,
91
,
138
,
139
,
188
; field hospitals in,
146
,
149
,
171
,
180
,
258
,
412n
; Filipino flight in,
143
; front in,
66–67
; guard duty on,
63
,
67
; Japanese attack in,
72–74
,
76–77
,
83–96
,
98–105
,
111–13
; Japanese casualties in,
85
,
86–87
,
99–100
,
112–14
; Japanese infiltrators in,
87–88
; Japanese wounded in,
100
; jungle in,
94–95
,
99
,
102
,
138
,
143
; MacArthur's visit to,
122
; Old National Road in,
see
Old National Road
; POW evacuation plan for,
162–63
; Quinauan Point battle in,
98–105
,
113
; second battle for,
134–50
,
154
,
372
,
408n
; as staging area for Corregidor invasion,
162–63
; surrender party in,
150–54
; tactical problem in,
83
; Trail
8
in,
202–203
; U.S.-Filipino troop estimates in,
72
,
76
,
83–84
; U.S. rumor mill in,
114
,
116
; Wainwright's visit to,
143–44
; west coast of,
91–96
; West Road in,
91
,
92
,
95

“Bataan stew,”
117

baths, communal,
319
,
323–24

Bauang,
38
,
45–46
,
55

Baxter General Hospital,
334–37

bayonets,
175–76
,
208
,
210
,
213
,
365
,
376

beatings,
365
; in Bicol peninsula,
254
,
256
,
257
; at Bilibid Prison,
285
,
288
; of escapees,
286
,
287
; of food thieves,
324–25
; of Japanese conscripts,
78–79
,
97–98
; of Japanese guards,
177
; of local people,
197
; of POWs,
158
,
164
,
166–67
,
170–71
,
175
,
177
,
182
,
185
,
193
,
197
,
376

Beecher, Curtis T.,
294
,
310–16
,
417n

beheadings,
166
,
179
,
287
,
289
,
362

Bell, Don,
19

Bent, Lois,
395

beriberi,
228
,
229
,
263
,
335
; at Bilibid Prison,
265
,
269
,
272
,
276
,
294
; types of,
272

Berlin, bombing of,
291

Bicol peninsula,
249–65
; jungle of,
249
,
250
,
251
; road building in,
see
Old Tayabas Road

Bigelow, Frank,
19

Big Hole,
132–33
,
263

Bilibid Prison,
169
,
266–97
,
312
,
387
,
389
; beatings at,
285
,
288
; burials at,
272
; description of,
266–67
; engineers in,
278
; food at,
265
,
268–72
,
274–77
,
281
,
284
; POW hospital in,
258
,
265
,
267–85
,
290
,
292
,
294–96
,
308
,
337
; roll call at,
270
; rumors at,
279–80
; special prisoners at,
285–90
; Steele's drawing at,
276–79
,
295–96
; Steele's return to,
296–97
; Steele's views on,
284
; store of,
285
; U.S. liberation of,
327

Billings, Mont.,
8
,
130–31
,
218
,
243–45
,
277
,
291
,
333
,
338
,
390
,
392–98
; Deaconess Hospital in,
396–98
; Eastern Montana College in,
392–93
; Elmo Club in,
386
; Steele's postwar return to,
340–41
,
386
,
387
; Steele's wedding in,
387

Billings Gazette,
9
,
132
,
415n

Billings Municipal Airport,
9

Bilyeu, Dick,
327