Tested by Zion (64 page)

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Authors: Elliott Abrams

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The lesson of the Bush years is that the road to peace may not be the path that has been taken most often, is accepted most widely, and is safest politically. When President Bush defied conventional wisdom, he was at his most effective, and the United States truly brought peace closer. The conferences and ceremonies that got the most applause did not do so. Peace will not be the product of fanfare and speeches; it will be won through tough decisions and tougher actions.

Notes

1.
Blair, interview, pp. 5–6.

2.
Salam
Fayyad
, “Why I’m Building Palestine,”
Foreign Policy
, November 29, 2010,
http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/11/29/why_im_building_palestine
.

3.
Alex
Joffe
, “The Discreet Coyness of Salam Fayyad,”
Jewish Ideas Daily
, December 3, 2010,
http://www.jewishideasdaily.com/content/module/2010/12/3/main-feature/1/the-discreet-coyness-of-salam-fayyad
.

Index
Abbas, Mahmoud (Abu Mazen)
generally
140
,
155
–156,
244
Abrams and
131
–132,
135
,
170
,
208
–209,
292
Annapolis Conference and
249
,
250
,
253
–255,
256
appointment of
62
,
63
Arafat and
65
,
68
,
79
,
83
,
99
,
101
Bush and
generally
121
Annapolis Conference
253
–255,
256
Arafat compared
63
–64
doubts regarding Abbas
124
final status negotiations
271
Hamas participation in Palestinian elections
146
initial conversations with
70
national unity government
206
negotiations
232
–233
on Olmert
285
–286
terrorism
69
,
75
–76
visits to Washington
79
–81,
132
–133
disengagement and
135
Document of National Accord and
176
election of
119
–120,
122
emergency government appointed by
232
–233
Fatah and
121
,
122
,
270
final status negotiations and
68
,
121
,
216
–217,
234
,
250
,
267
,
270
,
271
–272,
277
–278,
279
–280
Gaza Strip and
266
,
270
–271,
272
Hadley and
271
–272
Hamas and
124
,
125
–126,
210
Hamas takeover of Gaza Strip and
228
hesitancy of
124
international conference approach and
208
–209
Jerusalem, and status of
275
leadership of
120
Mecca Agreement and
222
national unity government and
206
,
209
,
218
,
220
,
228
,
229
negotiations with
121
Netanyahu and
311
–312
Olmert and
Annapolis Conference
249
final status negotiations
270
Gaza Strip
266
,
270
–271,
272
negotiations
210
,
258
,
260
,
286
–287
political weakness of Olmert
232
–233,
234
West Bank
270
–271
Palestinian elections and
generally
132
–134,
136
,
151
,
165
–166,
209
–210
Hamas participation in
145
–146
Qurie and
248
–249
at Red Sea Summits
69
,
71
,
72
,
75
–76
refugees and
291
resignation of
83
–84,
163
Rice and
disengagement
135
final status negotiations
267
,
271
–272,
277
–278,
279
–280
Mecca Agreement
222
national unity government
209
,
220
on Olmert
286
terrorism
77
Roadmap and
213
–216
settlements and
311
Sharon and
78
,
79
,
82
,
83
,
123
suspension of peace talks by
267
terrorism and
69
,
75
–76,
77
Tourgeman and
290
trilateral meeting with Olmert and Rice
220
–221
Turbowitz and
290
visits to Washington
79
–81,
132
–133
weakness of
121
,
160
Welch and
144
,
170
,
208
–209
West Bank and
generally
270
–271,
274
–275
rejection of Olmert offer
289
–293,
312
Abdallah (Saudi King)
generally
132
Bush and
35
–36,
63
,
65
,
287
Gaza Strip and
217
,
242
Israeli withdrawal from occupied territories and
29
normalization with Israel and
29
Palestinian refugees and
29
Powell and
14
–15
at Red Sea Summits
69
,
71
Second Intifada, Saudi plan to end
28
–29
secret letter to US
15
Abdullah (Jordanian King)
generally
132
“April 14th letter” and
111
Bush and
62
,
63
,
73
,
169
,
275
Obama and
305
at Red Sea Summits
69
,
71
,
73
Rice and
110
–111
Roadmap and
49
–50
summits hosted by
123
Abramowitz, Aaron
252
Abrams, Elliott
generally
119
,
126
,
129
,
159
,
226
,
233
,
252
,
258
Abbas and
131
–132,
135
,
170
,
208
–209,
292
al-Kibar nuclear reactor and
237
Annapolis Conference and
196
,
248
–251
“April 14th letter” and
103
Arafat and
60
–61
Bandar and
198
Bush and
59
,
61
,
202
–203
Cheney and
59
departure from government
304
final status negotiations and
117
,
213
–214,
216
,
317
Hadley and
61
,
116
–117,
124
,
223
,
239
,
275
,
298
Hamas and
167
hitkansut
(convergence) policy and
171
–172,
173
international conference approach and
196
,
197
,
210
,
232
,
242
,
246
Lebanon War and
195
Mecca Agreement and
219
in NSC
59
–61
Olmert and
160
–161,
173
–174,
207
–208,
288
–289
Palestinian elections and
152
Qurie and
115
Rice and
generally
124
appointment of Abrams
59
decision not to follow Rice to State Department
116
–117
Lebanon War
195
loyalty to Rice
59
,
61
“off the record” remarks by Abrams
224
–225,
226
settlements
115
–116
Roadmap and
213
–214
in second Bush Administration
116
–117
settlements and
67
–68
Sharon and
65
–66,
88
,
90
,
101
–102,
103
–104,
132
,
136
–138,
154
Tourgeman and
202
,
214
,
216
,
276
,
296
Turbowitz and
188
,
202
,
214
,
216
visits to Israel
269
–270
Weissglas and
88
,
90
,
101
,
102
,
137
,
149
Welch and
170
,
176
,
223
–224
Agency for International Development
169
Agreement on Movement and Access
148
–151
Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud
257
Al Aqsa Martyrs Brigade
101
Al Jazeera,
289
–290,
292
al-Kibar nuclear reactor
generally
200
,
249
Abrams and
237
Bush and
238
–239,
246
–247
Cheney and
227
,
236
,
237
debate regarding
235
–236
diplomatic option
236
–239
disclosure of information regarding
271
Hadley and
227
,
236
intelligence regarding
227
–228
Israeli bombing of
246
–248
military option
236
,
237
North Korea and
227
–228,
236
,
271
Olmert and
227
,
246
–247
Rice and
236
,
237
–238
Security Council and
236
,
238
,
246
al Qaeda
163
Alexandria Statement
114
American Israel Public Affairs Committee
10
American Jewish Historical Society
202
–203
Annan, Kofi
generally
135
,
192
,
207
,
226
,
241
–242
Geneva Initiative and
85
on killing of Yassin
102
Palestinian elections, and Hamas participation in
143
,
144
,
166
,
167
Roadmap and
58
Annapolis Conference
Abbas and
249
,
250
,
253
–255,
256
Abrams and
196
,
248
–251
Bush and
249
,
253
–255,
256
Fayyad and
249
final status negotiations and
251
,
255
–256,
259
–260
Hadley and
248
–251
Livni and
250
,
251
Olmert and
249
,
250
–251,
253
,
255
origins of
196
overemphasis on
309
Rice and
251
Tourgeman and
253
Turbowitz and
253
United Nations and
253

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