The Age of Atheists: How We Have Sought to Live Since the Death of God (76 page)

24
. Ibid., p. 437.

25
. Ibid., p. 486.

26
. Ibid., p. 492.

27
. Ibid., pp. 480–81.

28
. Rieckmann, op
.
cit., pp. 161ff.

29
. Norman Suckling,
Paul Valéry and the Civilized Mind
, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1954, p. 161ff.

30
. Suckling, op
.
cit., p. 17.

31
. Ibid., p. 19.

32
. Ibid., p. 31.

33
. Ibid., pp. 46, 94.

34
. Otto Bohlmann,
Yeats and Nietzsche: An Exploration of Major Nietzschean Echoes in the Writing of William Butler Yeats
, London and Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1982, p. xi.

35
. Bohlmann, op
.
cit., p. 26.

36
. Richard Ellmann,
The Identity of Yeats
, London: Macmillan, 1957, pp. 214, 231ff.

CHAPTER 8: “THE WRONG SUPERNATURAL WORLD”

1
. Richard Ellmann,
The Identity of Yeats
, London: Macmillan, 1957, p. 58.

2
. Ibid., p. 60.

3
. Ibid., p. 65.

4
. Ibid., p. 66.

5
. Ann Saddlemyer,
Becoming George: The Life of Mrs. W. B. Yeats
, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002. See also Ann Saddlemyer (ed.),
W. B. Yeats and George Yeats: The Letters
, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2011, pp. 400–401.

6
. Ellmann, op
.
cit., p. 107.

7
. Ibid., p. 125.

8
. Ibid., p. 129.

9
. Terence Brown,
The Life of W. B. Yeats: A Critical Biography
, Oxford: Blackwell, 1999, p. 134.

10
. Ellmann, op
.
cit., p. 189.

11
. Ibid., p. 197.

12
. Ibid., p. 205.

13
. Ibid.
See also Keith Alldritt,
W. B. Yeats: The Man and the Milieu
, London: John Murray, 1997, p. 177.

14
. Ellmann, op
.
cit., p. 225.

15
. Ibid., p. 239.

16
. Ibid., p. 252.

17
. Ibid., p. 269.

18
. Ibid.
See also David Dwan,
The Great Community: Culture and Nationalism in Ireland
, Dublin: Institute for Irish Studies, University of Notre Dame, 2008, p. 184, for other advice to the son from his father.

19
. Ibid., p. 295.

20
. Ibid., p. 278.

21
. Marjorie Howes and John Kelly (eds.),
The Cambridge Companion to Yeats
, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2006, p. 147.

22
. Eugene Taylor,
Shadow Culture, Psychology and Spirituality in America
, Washington, DC: Counterpoint, 1999, p. x.

23
. Taylor, op
.
cit., p. 9.

24
. Ibid., p. 113.

25
. Ibid., p. 177.

26
. Jay Winter,
Sites of Memory, Sites of Mourning: The Great War in European Cultural History
, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1995, 1998, p. 56.

27
. Winter, op
.
cit., p. 57.

28
. Ibid., p. 147.

29
. Helmut Friedel and Annegret Hoberg, with contributions by Evelyn Benesch et al.,
Vasily Kandinsky
, Munich and London: Prestel, 2008. See also Hedwig Fischer and Sean Rainbird (eds.),
Kandinsky: The Path to Abstraction
, London: Tate Gallery Publishing, 2006.

30
. Robert Hughes,
op. cit., p. 202.

CHAPTER 9: REDEMPTION BY WAR

1
. Peter Watson,
The Modern Mind: An Intellectual History of the Twentieth Century
, New York: HarperCollins, 2001, p. 146.

2
. Steven Aschheim,
The Nietzsche Legacy in Germany
, p. 132.

3
. Ibid., p. 143.

4
. Max Scheler,
On the Eternal in Man
, London: SCM, 1960. Max Scheler,
On the Nature of Sympathy
, trans. Peter Heath, with an Introduction to the general works of Max Scheler by W. Stark, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1954.

5
. Aschheim, op. cit., p. 146.

6
. Ibid., p. 134.

7
. Judith Malina,
The Piscator Notebook
, London: Routledge, 2012, p. 4, says Piscator was “ashamed” in the war.

8
. Ibid., p. 102.

9
. Ibid.

10
. Roland N. Stromberg,
Redemption by War
, Kansas City: Regents Press of Kansas, 1982, p. 28. It is from Professor Stromberg’s book that I have taken the title for this chapter.

11
. Stromberg, op. cit., p. 34.

12
. Ibid., p. 23.

13
. Ibid., p. 12.

14
. Ibid., p. 40.

15
. Ibid., p. 13.

16
.
Quentin Bell: A Man of Many Arts
(exhibition catalogue), foreword by Norbert Lynton, Charleston Trust, 1999.

17
. Stromberg, op. cit., p. 43.

18
. Nicholas Murray,
The Red Sweet Wine of Youth: The Brave and Brief Lives of the War Poets
, London: Little, Brown, 2010, Prologue, pp. 1–10.

19
. Stromberg, op. cit., p. 103.

20
. Ibid., p. 90.

21
. Hannah Arendt,
Reflections on Literature and Culture
, ed. and with an Introduction by Susannah Young-ah Gottlieb, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2007.

22
. Stromberg, op. cit., pp. 98–99.

23
. Ibid., p. 191.

24
. Ibid., p. 198.

25
. Murray, op. cit., p. 8.

26
. Paul Fussell,
The Great War and Modern Memory
, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1975, p. 134.

27
. Fussell, op. cit., p. 139.

28
. Ibid., p. 255.

29
. Ibid., p. 29.

30
. Jay Winter,
Sites of Memory, Sites of Mourning: The Great War in European Cultural History
, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1995, 1998, p. 64.

31
. Gordon Graham,
The Re-enchantment of the World: Art versus Religion
, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004, p. 58.

32
. Graham, op. cit., p. 59.

33
. Ibid., pp. 59–60.

34
. David Lomas,
The Haunted Self: Surrealism, Psychoanalysis, Subjectivity
, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2000, p. 74.

35
.
Max Ernst: A Retrospective
, ed. and with an introduction by Werner Spies, London: Tate/Prestel, 1991.

36
. Patrick Elliott,
Another World: Dalí, Magritte, Miró and the Surrealists
, Edinburgh: National Galleries of Scotland, 2010, pp. 1–5.

CHAPTER 10: THE BOLSHEVIK CRUSADE FOR SCIENTIFIC ATHEISM

1
. Roland N. Stromberg,
Redemption by War
, Kansas City: Regents Press of Kansas, 1982, p. 130.

2
. Bernice Glazer Rosenthal,
New Myth, New World: From Nietzsche to Stalinism
, University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2002, p. 117.

3
. Peter Watson,
A Terrible Beauty: The People and Ideas That Shaped the Modern Mind
, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2001, p. 345.

4
. Peter Watson,
Ideas: A History of Thought and Invention from Fire to Freud
, New York: HarperCollins, 2005, p. 768.

5
. Ibid., p. 769.

6
. Watson,
A Terrible Beauty
, op. cit., p. 293.

7
. Paul Froese,
The Plot to Kill God: Findings from the Soviet Experiment in Secularization
, Los Angeles, Berkeley and London: University of California Press, 2008, p. 60.

8
. Froese, op
.
cit., p. 55.

9
. Rosenthal, op
.
cit., pp. 2, 173, 179.

10
. Ibid., p. 15.

11
. Ibid., p. 9.

12
. Ibid., pp. 126–27.

13
. See A. G. Bulakh, N. B. Abakumova, J. V. Romanovsky,
St. Petersburg: A History in Stone
, St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg University Press, 2010, ch. 17, pp. 139–40, for an outline of St. Petersburg architecture in 1917.

14
. Rosenthal, op
.
cit., p. 56.

15
. Ibid., p. 61.

16
. Ibid., p. 74.

17
. See also A. L. Tait,
Lunacharsky, Poet of the Revolution (1875–1907)
, Birmingham: University of Birmingham Department of Russian Language and Literature, 1984, p. 91, for Lunacharsky’s views of the amateurs in the arts.

18
. Rosenthal, op
.
cit., p. 83.

19
. Ibid., p. 98.

20
. Ibid., p. 109.

21
. Alexander Rabinowitch,
The Bolsheviks Come to Power,
Bloomington: Indiana Uni
versity Press, 2008, p. 150.

22
. Ibid., p. 152.

23
. The classic account is Robert H. McNeal,
Bride of the Revolution: Krupskaya and Lenin
, London: Gollancz, 1973, p. 157.

24
. Frank Westerman,
Engineers of the Soul: In the Footsteps of Stalin’s Writers
, trans. Sam Garrett, London: Harvill Secker, 2010, pp. 140–43.

25
. Rosenthal, op
.
cit., p. 178.

26
. Ibid., pp. 201–2.

27
. Froese, op
.
cit., p. 7.

28
. Ibid., p. 40.

29
. Ibid., p. 49.

30
. Bulakh et al., op
.
cit., p. 52.

31
. Rosenthal, op
.
cit., p. 56.

32
. Ibid., p. 58.

33
. Joshua Rubinstein,
Leon Trotsky: A Revolutionary’s Life
, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2011, p. 115–16.

34
. Rosenthal, op
.
cit., p. 122.

CHAPTER 11: THE IMPLICITNESS OF LIFE AND THE RULES OF EXISTENCE

1
. Rüdiger Safranski,
Martin Heidegger: Between Good and Evil
, trans. Ewald Osters, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998, p. 89. Max Weber, “Der Beruf zur Politik,” in Weber,
Soziologie, Weltgeschichtliche Analysen, Politik
,
Stuttgart: Kröner, 1964, p. 322
.

2
. Safranski, op
.
cit., p. 91.

3
. Ibid.

4
. Ibid., p. 92.

5
. Ibid., pp. 337–38.

6
. Ibid., p. 93.

7
. Charles B. Guignon (ed.),
The Cambridge Companion to Heidegger
, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2006, pp. 268–69.

8
. Safranski, op
.
cit., p. 366.

9
. Ibid., p. 377.

10
. Wolfgang Leppmann,
Rilke: A Life
, trans. Russell M. Stockman, New York: Fromm, 1984, p. 361.

11
. Ibid.

12
. Michael Hamburger,
The Truth of Poetry: Tension in Modern Poetry from Baudelaire to the 1960s
, Manchester: Carcanet New Press, 1982, p. 27.

13
. Don Paterson,
Orpheus: A Version of Rilke’s “Die Sonette an Orpheus,”
London: Faber and Faber,
2006, pp. 66–67.

14
.
An Unofficial Rilke: Poems: 1912–1926
, selected and trans. Michael Hamburger, London: Anvil Poetry Press, 1981, p. 69.

15
. Leppmann, op
.
cit., p. 184.

16
. Ibid.

17
. Ibid.

18
. Ibid., p. 386.

19
. David S. Luft,
Robert Musil and the Crisis of European Culture 1880–1942
, Los Angeles, Berkeley and London: University of California Press, 1980, passim; and David S. Luft,
Eros and Inwardness: Weininger, Musil, Doderer
, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003, p. 121.

20
. Jane Smiley,
Guardian
, June 17, 2006.

21
. Luft,
Crisis of European Culture
, p. 252.

22
. Luft,
Eros and Inwardness
, p. 124.

23
. Luft,
Crisis of European
Culture
, p. 219.

24
. Luft,
Eros and Inwardness
, pp. 120–21.

25
. Ibid.

26
. Luft,
Crisis of European Culture
, p. 255.

27
. Ibid., p. 201.

28
. Ibid., p. 255.

29
. Ibid., p. 260.

CHAPTER 12: THE IMPERFECT PARADISE

1
. Henry Idema III,
Freud, Religion and the Roaring Twenties: A Psychoanalytic Theory of Secularization in Three Novelists: Anderson, Hemingway, and Fitzgerald
, Savage, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield, 1990, p. 1.

2
. Idema, op. cit., p. 6.

3
. Robert S. Lynd and Helen Merrell Lynd,
Middletown: A Study in Contemporary American Culture
, London: Constable, 1929, p. 245.

4
. Idema, op. cit., p. 44.

5
. Ibid., p. 47.

6
. Ibid., p. 73.

7
. Ibid., p. 171.

8
. Lynd and Lynd, op. cit., p. 275.

9
. Idema, op. cit., p. 174.

10
. Ibid., p. 204.

11
. Wallace Stevens,
Collected Poems and Prose
, New York: Literary Classics of the United States, 1997, p. 20.