The Age of Spiritual Machines: When Computers Exceed Human Intelligence (70 page)

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Authors: Ray Kurzweil

Tags: #Non-Fiction, #Fringe Science, #Amazon.com, #Retail, #Science

BOOK: The Age of Spiritual Machines: When Computers Exceed Human Intelligence
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Champernowne, David
 
Chang, Young
 
chaos
 
evolution and
 
evolutionary algorithms and
 
Law of Increasing Chaos
 
Law of Time and Chaos
 
Chelyabinsk
 
,Chernobyl
 
chess
 
Deep Blue’s playing of
 
legend of inventor of
 
Pick Best Move program for
 
quantum computing and
 
China
 
legend of emperor of
 
chips, computer
 
Moore’s Law and,
see
Moore’s Law
 
three-dimensional
 
Chuang, Isaac
 
Chuang-tzu
 
Church, Alonzo
 
Church, Ken
 
Churchill, Winston
 
Church-Turing thesis
 
Clarke, Arthur C
 
cochlear implants
 
Cohen, Harold
 
color perception
 
Colossus
 
common sense
 
communication
 
in animals
 
in arts
 
future technologies for
 
compact disc (CD)
 
compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM)
 
complexity
 
computation
 
achieving human-level capabilities in
 
crystalline
 
density of
 
destruction of information in
 
digital
 
DNA
 
exponential growth of
 
inevitability of
 
on Internet, proposal for
 
irreversibility of
 
Law of Accelerating Returns applied to
 
nanotubes and
 
optical
 
order and
 
quantum,
see
quantum computing
 
Turing Machine model of
 
see also
artificial intelligence; intelligence
 
computers
 
art and,
see
arts
 
Babbage’s Analytical Engine
 
chips in,
see
chips, computer
 
consciousness in
 
dependence on
 
first American programmable
 
intelligence of,
see
artificial intelligence
 
knowledge gathering and sharing by
 
Moore’s Law and,
see
Moore’s Law
 
neural,
see
neural nets
 
number of
 
past predictions made about
 
programming of, compared with evolution
 
in schools
 
speed and power of
 
supercomputers
 
in 2009
 
in 2019
 
in 2029
 
world’s first operational
 
Y2K and
 
Computing Machinery and Intelligence
(Turing)
 
consciousness
 
brain and
 
in computers/AI
 
Descartes’s dictum and
 
as “different kind of stuff”
 
in evolution
 
as function of pattern, vs. particles
 
human inability to understand
 
logical positivist view of
 
as machine reflecting on itself
 
multiple
 
Plato’s views on
 
quantum mechanics and
 
schools of thought on
 
testability of
 
Turing Test and, see Turing Test
 
Universe and
 
see also
identity
 
context
 
continuous speech recognition (CSR)
 
Voice Xpress Plus
 
Cope, David
 
cosmological constant
 
Crick, Francis H. C.
 
cryonics
 
crystalline computing
 
Cser, Jim
 
Curl, Robert
 
 
deaf persons
 
cochlear implants for
 
death,
see
mortality
 
Debussy, Claude
 
Deep Blue (chess-playing computer)
 
De Garis, Hugo
 
DENDRAL
 
Dennett, Daniel
 
Descartes, René
 
digital
 
digital computing
 
digital video disc (DVD)
 
dinosaurs
 
disabilities
 
blindness,
see
blind persons
 
deafness,
see
deaf persons
 
neural implants and, see neural implants
 
prosthetic devices and
 
in 2009
 
in 2019
 
in 2029
 
disease
 
cancer
 
cryonics and
 
pathogens in,
see
pathogens
 
see also
medicine
 
DNA
 
computing with
 
error correction in
 
in evolution
 
of
Homo sapiens
vs. primates
 
protein synthesis and
see also
genes, genetic code
 
Dogbert
 
Donovan
 
Drexler, Eric
 
Dreyfus, Hubert
 
driving
 
drugs
 
Dyson, Esther
 
 
Earth
 
formation of
 
eating
 
economy,
see
business, economics, and finance
 
Edison, Thomas Alva
 
education
 
computers in schools
 
teachers and teaching in
 
in 2009
 
in 2019
 
in 2029
see also
learning
 
Einstein, Albert
 
cosmological constant of
 
on simplification
 
theory of relativity of
 
Eisenhower, Dwight
 
electrocardiogram (EKG)
 
electromagnetic force
 
electrons
 
tunneling of
 
electroweak force
 
Emerson, Ralph Waldo
 
EMI (Experiments in Musical Intelligence)
 
emotions
 
in animals
 
produced by brain stimulation
 
Emperors New Mind, The
(Penrose)
 
employment
 
encryption
 
Pretty Good Privacy
 
quantum
 
engines, jet
 
Engines of Creation
(Drexler)
 
Enigma code
 
entropy
 
Increasing, Law of,
see
second law of thermodynamics
 
Evans, Thomas G.
 
evolution
 
acceleration of time in
 
of body and brain
 
chaos and order in
 
complexity and
 
computer programming compared with
 
computer simulation of
 
of conscious life
 
consciousness in
 
DNA-based
 
and end of Universe
 
of evolution
 
of eye
 
fetal development and
 
inefficiency of
 
intelligence of
 
Law of Accelerating Returns applied to
 
of life-forms
 
natural selection in
 
pace of
 
of pathogens
 
Punctuated Equilibrium theories on
 
record of achievement in
 
of technology
 
evolutionary algorithms
 
basic schema for
 
in investment programs
 
knowledge and
 
self-organization in
 
visual arts and
 
Experiments in Musical Intelligence (EMI)
 
expert systems
 
exponential trends
 
growth of computation
 
growth of technology
 
in legend of chess inventor and emperor
 
nature of time
 
predictions and
 
quickening pace in evolution
 
slowing pace in development of Universe
 
slowing pace in progression of organism’s life
 
eye see also retina
 
 
face-recognition systems

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