The Amistad Rebellion (50 page)

artistic depictions of
Amistad
Africans, 3, 4, 8, 99–102, 118, 120, 128, 130, 131, 159–74, 229–30

abolitionists and, 168–71

by Barber, 54, 153, 159–64, 167–68, 172–74, 192, 229

of Cinqué, 99–103,
100, 101, 102,
143, 161, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 172–74,
173,
185, 192, 224–25, 226, 228–30

by Hewins, 3, 153, 159, 165–69, 171, 172–74, 229

Jocelyn’s portrait of Cinqué, 171–74, 224–26, 229

Moulthrop’s wax figures, 3, 153, 159, 163–65, 167, 172–74, 229

by Sketchley, 99, 102

Townsend’s portraits, 14–16,
14, 15, 16,
39, 112–14

Atlantic Ocean,
6–7,
19–21,
23

Middle Passage, 5, 19, 54–60, 215–17, 228

Ba, 27, 42, 113, 220–21

Bacon, Francis, 49, 160

Bacon, Leonard, 124, 127, 159

Bagna, 22, 27

Bahama Islands, 83

Baldwin, Roger S., 104, 124, 127, 132, 147, 148, 150, 166, 179, 183, 192–93, 229, 235

speech before the Supreme Court, 3, 187–88, 192

Baldwin, Simeon Eben, 150, 166

Barber, John Warner, 54, 106, 146, 153, 159–64, 172–74, 192, 229

The Death of Capt. Ferrer,
161–62,
161,
167–68

Barbour, Philip, 188

Barnum, Phineas T., 164

Bartu, 218

Bau, 37, 42, 54, 58, 60, 119, 120, 124, 132, 228

on
Amistad,
70

interview with, 124–27, 139

in rebellion, 74

Beach, Moses Yale, 102

Bell, Philip A., 207

Beman, Amos, 206

Bennett, James Gordon, 128

Beri, 22, 41, 56

Bible, 13, 18, 155–58, 179, 182, 191, 197, 198, 200, 211

black power movement, 4

Blanco, Pedro, 13, 14, 16, 19, 20, 37, 40, 42–47, 49–51, 56, 136, 137, 217

destruction of slave-trading factories of, 189, 192

Bold Buccaneer, The,
117

Book of Pirates,
228

Booth, Sherman, 28, 127, 156, 177–78, 180, 181, 184, 198–201, 206

Boott Corporation, 206

Boston Courier,
177

Boston Tea Party, 235

Bowery Theatre, 114–15, 230

Brazil, 20

British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society, 186

Broadway Tabernacle, 196, 197, 201

Brooks, John, 25

Brown, John, 234, 236

Buchanan, Thomas, 37

Bullom people, 22, 23, 30, 56

Burna (the elder), 22, 28, 29, 42, 45, 50, 54, 56, 58–59, 112, 113, 118, 129, 142, 158, 165, 212

arrival in Long Island, 88–91

on
Amistad,
70, 73–74, 82, 85

Cinqué’s clashes with, 79, 176–77

English spoken by, 176–77

kinship and, 175

in rebellion, 73–74, 76, 78, 80

return home, 221, 222–23

Burna the younger, 27, 30, 41, 42–43, 200

Buzzard,
136, 137, 146

Byron, George Gordon, Lord, 117, 233

Calderón de la Barca, Angel, 63, 187

cannibalism, 72, 158, 181–82

Captain Kyd, or, The Wizard of the Sea,
117

Caribbean, 19

Carrias, Saturnino, 62

Celestino, 1, 65, 69, 70, 75–76, 77, 79–80, 99, 116

artistic depictions of, 161, 165, 167

Cinqué and, 71–73, 75–76

threat by, 71–73, 74, 181–82

Chamberlain, Juliana, 157

Chamberlain, Mr., 175, 212

Charleston Courier,
103

charms and amulets, 22–24, 98

Child, Lydia Maria, 106, 201, 202, 203, 208

Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage
(Byron), 233

Christianity, 12, 120, 125, 135, 154, 156–59, 174, 178, 179, 180, 182–83, 198–201, 204, 208–11, 218–19, 221, 226

Bible, 13, 18, 155–58, 179, 182, 191, 197, 198, 200, 211

Mende Mission, 204, 208–11, 213–15, 217–21, 226, 227

Cinqué, 1, 3, 4, 5, 24, 26, 27, 28, 37, 42, 43, 50, 54, 58–61, 73, 103–4, 122, 130, 138, 144, 180, 183, 184, 189, 194

on
Amistad,
70, 81–83, 86–87

artistic depictions of, 99–103,
100, 101, 102,
143, 161, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168, 172–74,
173,
185, 192, 224–25, 226, 228–30

athleticism of, 133

Bible and, 158

Burna’s clashes with, 79, 176–77

celebrity of, 103–4, 121, 128

Celestino and, 71–73, 75–76

character in play based on, 115–18

clothing of, 100, 102, 110

education and, 154–55, 156, 158

greegree bag worn by, 98

as hero, 168, 171, 197, 228–30, 233–34, 236

incarceration of, 109, 110, 120, 129, 132–34, 140–42, 144, 154–56

interview with, 124–27, 139

in Long Island, 88–90, 92–93, 96, 98

missionaries and, 209

Pendleton and, 177–79

in rebellion, 73–75, 77–80, 99, 134, 237

return home, 216, 217, 218, 220, 221

slavery performances by, 158

speeches given by, 92–94, 100–101

Supreme Court decision and, 190–91

testimony of, 146–47, 149

on tour, 197–99, 201–5, 224–25

Cinque, Chief of the Amistad Captives
(Sartain),
173,
174, 185, 192

civil rights movement, 4

Clarke, Robert, 60

Clay, Henry, 186

Coffin, Joshua, 214–15

Colored American,
165, 171, 192, 195, 197, 206, 207, 211, 213

Conklin, Schuyler, 88

Conneau, Theophilus, 44, 45, 189

Connecticut, 2, 4–5

Amistad
Africans’ incarceration in, 3, 8, 9–11

Corsair, The
(Byron), 117

cotton manufacture:

in Africa, 27–28

in U.S., 206

Covey, James, 11–12, 106, 136–40, 142, 143, 146–48, 154, 155, 157, 160, 165, 178, 184, 193, 202, 207–8, 221, 222

Cowper, William, 201

Crandall, Prudence, 97

Creole
rebellion, 21, 225–26, 227, 229, 233, 234

Crittenden, John J., 186

Cuba, 8, 19, 20, 143, 217

Amistad
Africans in, 60–63, 68, 122, 132

Amistad
court case and, 149, 152, 160, 186, 187, 190, 234

barracoons in, 60–63, 122

slave trade and, 60, 132

sugar production in, 19, 20

Cubano,
81

Dapper, Olfert, 31

Day, George E., 61, 127, 140, 148, 150, 156, 161, 199

Death of Capt. Ferrer, The
(Barber), 161–62,
161,
167–68

Declaration of Independence, 190

Delacroix, Eugene, 168

Delaney, Martin R., 234

Denman, Joseph, 189

Dickens, Charles, 122

Dolben Act, 55

Douglass, Frederick, 5, 164, 234, 236

Downing, George, 207

Drew, John Glover, 117

Duevi, 77

Eato, Timothy, 206

Edson, Calvin, 108

Emancipator,
11, 104, 106, 134, 150, 152–53, 204, 232, 233, 236

Ezpleta, Joaquín de, 98

Fa, 74, 87–88, 108

Fabanna, 29, 31, 54, 142, 158–59

Faginna, 113

Fakinna, 26

Faquorna, 1, 74, 75, 78, 80, 108, 112–13, 161

Farmer’s Cabinet,
154

Ferrer, Ramón, 1–2, 3, 65, 66, 69, 70, 73–80, 99, 126, 131, 147, 170, 182, 187, 195

artistic depictions of, 161, 164, 165, 167, 168, 169

Ferry, James, 11–12, 119–20, 124, 125, 127, 132, 135, 141, 158, 193

Fitzgerald, James, 136, 137, 146

Foone, 28, 60, 138, 139, 211–12

on
Amistad,
70, 81

death of, 212–13

Forbes, Frederick, 41, 49, 51, 55, 56

Fordham, Peletiah, 88–90, 131, 147

Forrest, Edwin, 117

Forsyth, John, 149, 186

Fort Lomboko,
see
Lomboko

Fowler, L. N., 128

Fox, Henry Stephen, 186

Freetown, 23, 24, 30, 36, 44, 56, 60, 207, 217–20, 226

Fuli, 13–14,
14,
16, 18–19, 22, 28, 29, 41, 44, 138, 142, 156, 169, 179, 183, 194

on
Amistad,
70–71

in rebellion, 75–76

return home, 221–22

testimony of, 146–47, 149

on tour, 198

Fuliwulu, 22, 30, 113

Gallaudet, Thomas Hopkins, 135

Gallinas Coast, 13, 19, 20,
23,
26, 28, 30, 34, 43–44, 217

domestic slavery in, 38–39

global market and, 39

Fort Lomboko on,
see
Lomboko

Poro Society and,
see
Poro Society

slave trade on, 40–42, 44, 46, 50

Gallinas (Kerefe) River, 23, 43, 45

Gardner, C. W., 206

Garnet, Henry Highland, 233–36

Garrison, William Lloyd, 9, 123, 172, 226

Gbandi people, 5, 22, 23, 56, 180

Gbatu, 26, 42

Gedney, Thomas, 91–92, 94, 96, 131–32, 147, 188, 190

Genduma, 23, 125

Gentleman,
196, 215–17

Gibbs, Josiah, 11, 106, 124, 127, 135–36, 147, 156, 157, 161, 180

Gilpin, Henry D., 186–87

Gladiator, The,
117

Gnakwoi, 22, 28, 37, 42, 56, 74

Gola people, 5, 22, 23, 37, 56, 180

Goterah, 37, 38, 74

Grabeau, 24, 27, 28, 30, 31, 38, 41, 51, 54–59, 61, 73, 74, 112, 113, 138, 142, 191, 228

on
Amistad,
69, 70, 73

artistic depictions of, 166, 167, 169

athleticism of, 133

in rebellion, 73, 74, 80, 134

return home, 218

testimony of, 146–47, 149

Grampus,
USS, 149–50, 234

Great Britain, 19, 226

abolitionists in, 105

Amistad
case and, 186

slave trade and, 9, 16, 19–20, 40, 44, 47, 49, 52, 55, 57, 60, 64, 105, 169, 186, 188–89

greegree, 22–24, 98

Green, Henry, 88–91, 131, 147

“Greenland’s Icy Mountains,” 204

Grimké, Sarah, 229

Griswold, Benjamin, 127, 145, 155, 161, 168–69, 208–9, 214

Guanaja, 68

guns, 39, 67

Haitian Revolution, 9, 10, 20, 40

Hall, Thomas, 47, 49, 50–51

Hamblin, Thomas, 115

Hanson, Augustus W., 210–11

Harper’s Ferry, 234

Harrold, Stanley, 233

Hartford Courant,
177

Hartford
Observer,
205

Heber, Reginald, 204

Henry, Patrick, 94, 171, 229

Herald of Freedom,
230

Hewins, Amasa, 3, 153, 159, 165–69, 171, 172–74, 229

Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 236

historians, 4

History of the Amistad Captives, A
(Barber), 54, 160–62, 164

Holabird, W. S., 147

Hooker, Edward, 108

Hooker, John, 210

Horrid Massacre in Virginia,
162

House of Martinez, 46

Hut Tax War, 33

“If I Could Read My Title Clear,” 200–201

Ingersoll, Charles, 98, 132

Inglis, Judge, 138, 184

Ingraham, J. H., 117

iron manufacture, 27–28

Isabella II, Queen, 8, 19

Islam, 22–24, 143

“Italian Prisoner, The” (Dickens), 122

Jack Sheppard, or, The Life of a Robber!,
118

Jackson, Andrew, 97

Jamaica, 9, 170

Janes, Dwight, 99, 104–5, 108, 118–19, 146, 147, 169–70, 235

Jerningham, G. S., 186

Jocelyn, Nathaniel, 106, 150, 171–74, 224–26, 229

Jocelyn, Simeon, 106, 120, 150, 161, 172

Johnson, William P., 206

Jones, Adam, 38

Jones, Samuel, 138, 184

Judson, Andrew, 96–99, 108, 128, 131, 132, 144, 146–48, 182, 184, 236

ruling of, 147–49, 152, 160

Kaba, 108

Kagne, 41, 65, 109, 110, 129, 136

at Pendleton household, 177, 178, 193, 194

return home, 220

Kale, 54, 58, 65, 77, 109, 112, 113, 156, 157, 158, 191, 193

letter to Adams from, 180–83, 192–93, 200

return home, 220

on tour, 198, 200

Kambahway, 35

Kapeli, 108

Kaw Mende, 23, 221

Kerefe (Gallinas) River, 23, 43, 45

Kimbo, 1, 26, 30, 56, 60, 61, 113–14, 138, 139, 161

on
Amistad,
70, 73

in rebellion, 74, 75, 78, 99

Kindi, 42, 218

Kingston,
85

Kinna, 26, 28, 30, 54, 58, 59, 156, 179, 180, 191, 194, 201, 207–8, 212–13

on
Amistad,
69, 70, 71, 72

Bible and, 158

in rebellion, 75, 77

return home, 216, 221

on tour, 198–99, 200, 204, 217

Kissi people, 22, 56

Kissicummah, 36

Koelle, Sigismund Wilhelm, 33–35, 36

Kondo federation, 22, 23, 56

Konkodoogore, 39

Konoma (Nazhulu), 22, 30, 97, 115, 162, 167, 168, 169

Kono people, 5, 22, 23, 56, 180

Kru people, 23, 48, 57

Kwong, 41

Laing, Alexander, 31–32, 34, 39

Lander, Richard, 161

languages, African, 33–34

Learned, Robert C., 127

Leavitt, Joshua, 11, 12, 104, 118–20, 161, 172, 185, 204–5, 233

Lewis, Alonzo, 133, 150

Liberator,
9, 106

Liberia,
7,
37, 48, 74, 161, 188

Liberty Leading the People
(Delacroix), 168

Little, Kenneth, 27, 32, 134

Loma people, 5, 22, 23, 56, 180

Lomboko, 5, 14, 15, 21, 23, 37, 42–52, 73, 122, 125–26

Amistad
Africans at, 49–52

barracoons of, 49–51,
50

horror stories of, 51–52

social routine at, 51

Long, Low Black Schooner, The,
114–18, 228, 229

Long Island, arrival of
Amistad
in, 2, 8, 20–21, 87–95

Louverture, Toussaint, 9, 21, 237

Lubos, 73

Ludlow, Henry G., 124, 127, 191

Madden, Richard Robert, 24, 41, 60–63, 127, 145, 160

Magill, S. W., 127

Magnificent Painting of the Massacre on board the schooner Amistad!!
(Hewins), 165–69

Mana, King, 25, 227

Mandingo people, 56

Mano River, 23, 43

Margru, 14–15,
15,
16, 18, 19, 22, 29, 44, 45, 54, 65, 109, 110, 112, 129, 136

at Pendleton household, 177, 178, 193, 194