The Arch Conjuror of England (52 page)

8.
Ramusio,
Navigationi et Viaggi
, vol. 3, fo. 2r.

9.
Ibid., vol. 3, fo. 7r.

10.
Ibid., fo. 3, fos. 169v–170v, 82r, 183r–v, 280v, 338r, 341r, 357r, 359r, 426v; on Madoc, fos. 7r–v, 78r, 82r–83v, 398v; 39v, 169r–v, 204v; 41v, 114v; Montezuma's ‘legend’ of Madoc, fos. 235r, 238v.

11.
Ibid., vol. 3, fos. 27r, 84v.

12.
Ibid., vol. 1, fos. 374r–375r.

13.
Ibid., vol. 3, fos. 417r–v, 441v, 445v, 448v, 449v–450r, 451v; MacMillan and Abeles,
John Dee: The Limits of the British Empire
, p. 38.

14.
Ibid., pp. 2, 9, 13–14; MacMillan,
Sovereignty and Possession in the New World: The Legal Foundations of Empire, 1576–1640
(Cambridge, 2006), pp. 51–2; Sherman,
Dee
, and Sherman, ‘Putting the British Seas on the Map: John Dee's Cartography,
Cartographia
, 35, nos. 3–4 (1998), pp. 1–10; Sherman, ‘John Dee's Role in Frobisher's North-West Enterprise’,
Meta Incognita
, pp. 283–97.

15.
MacMillan,
Sovereignty and Possession
, pp. 31–48, 58, 61–2.

16.
Ibid., pp. 56–7.

17.
R. Hakluyt,
The Principall Navigations Voiages and Discoveries of the English Nation
(London, 1589), pp. 304–9, 394–7; TNA SP 15/28 Part I/54.

18.
BLO MS Ashmole 487, November 1577; MacMillan and Abeles,
John Dee: The Limits of the British Empire
, p. 38.

19.
Ibid., p. 12; MacMillan,
Sovereignty and Possession
, pp. 56–7, 80.

20.
BLO MS Ashmole 487, November 1577; CR, p. 521; See below, pp. 111–12.

21.
Heal and Holmes, ‘The Economic Patronage of William Cecil’, in Croft,
Patronage, Culture and Power
; Paul E.J. Hammer, ‘The Uses of Scholarship: The Secretariat of Robert Devereux, Second Earl of Essex, c.1585–1601’,
English Historical Review
, 109 (1994), pp. 26–51.

22.
Dee,
Memorials
, p. 2; Quinn,
Voyages of Sir Humphrey Gilbert
, 2 vols. (London, 1940) i, pp. 105–17; Hakluyt,
The Principall Navigations
, pp. 394–7.

23.
BL MS Cotton Charter XIII. 39; ‘Memorials’, BLO MS Ashmole 1789, fo. 67r–v, and
Memorials
, p. 10; CR, p. 528; William H. Sherman, ‘John Dee's “Brytannicae Reipublicae Synopsis”: A Reader's Guide to the Elizabethan Commonwealth’,
The Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies
, 20, 2 (Fall 1990), pp. 293–316.

24.
J. Firmicus,
Ad Mavortium Lollianum Astronomicon lib.VIII per N. Prucknerum … ab innumeris mendis vindicati
(Basle, 1533), University College London, shelf mark Ogden A.9, in Manilius,
Astronomica
5 (R&W, 251).

25.
Dee, ‘Memorials’, BLO MS Ashmole 1789, fos. 61r–67v,
Memorials
, pp. 4–10.

26.
TNA SP 12/110/21; BL MS Add. 59681, p. 16, printed in MacMillan and Abeles,
John Dee: The Limits of the British Empire
, p. 45.

27.
TNA SP 12/113/12, items 10 and 11.

28.
B. Woolley,
The Queen's Conjuror: The Science and Magic of Dr John Dee
(New York, 2001), pp. 102–4.
MP
, sig. D4v, dates the ‘Paradoxal Compass’ to 1559, CR, p. 527, to 1556,
Memorials
, title page, to 1553.

29.
James McDermott, ‘The Company of Cathay: The Financing and Organization of the Frobisher Voyages’, and McDermott, ‘“A right heroicall heart”: Sir Martin Frobisher’, pp. 55–118 and 147–78 in vol. 1 of Symons, ed.,
Meta Incognita
.

30.
Dee,
Memorials
, p. 2; Lok, BL MS Cotton Otho E VIII, fo. 42r.

31.
Ibid., fo. 44v; Sir Humphrey Gilbert,
A discourse of a discoverie for a new passage to Cataia
(H. Middleton for R. Jones, London, 1576).

32.
BL MS Cotton Otho E. VIII, fo. 44v; Dee, ‘Memorials’, BLO MS Ashmole 1789, fo. 60r;
Memorials
, p. 2.

33.
BL MS Cotton Otho E. VIII, fos. 42–47.

34.
Ibid., fos. 42v, 44r–v, 47r–v. Lok spent £500 (TNA SP 12/119/29) or £1,000 (TNA SP 12/119/30) on his research library from 1552; Hakluyt,
Divers Voyages
(1582), sig. ¶2r; Hakluyt,
Principal Navigations
, 12 vols. (Glasgow, 1913), iii, pp. 197–200, v, pp. 111–15, 117, vi, p. 136; V. Stefansson,
The Three Voyages of Martin Frobisher
(London, 1938), p. 13.

35.
BL MS Cotton Otho E. VIII, fo. 47v.

36.
Dee,
Memorials
, p. 3; McDermott, ‘Cathay and the Way Hither’, in
Meta Incognita
, pp. 363–4, and nn. 32, 40; Stefansson,
The Three Voyages of Martin Frobisher
, p. xcix, Borough's Frobisher charts. Another is CPM I.69 at Hatfield House (R.A. Skelton and John Summerson,
A Description of Maps and Architectural Drawings in the Collection made by William Cecil, First Baron Burghley, now at Hatfield House
[Oxford, 1971]).

37.
McDermott, ‘Cathay and the Way Hither’,
Meta Incognita
, p. 363.

38.
HEHL MS 715, fo. 27v; TNA SP 12/110/22.

39.
TNA SP 12/122/62; SP 12/119/43, 44, accepting Dee's application. Earlier investor lists omit him; BL MS Harley 167, fo. 187v.

40.
James McDermott, ‘The Company of Cathay’,
Meta Incognita
, pp. 147–78 at p. 163; McDermott, ‘Michael Lok, Mercer and Merchant Adventurer’,
Meta Incognita
, pp. 119–46, at pp. 132–3.

41.
TNA SP 12/129/44.I; SP 12/126/35.

42.
TNA E 134/8Jas1/Hil25: Young's daughter Susan Ellis, born 1559, knew Lok ‘from her Infancye'; Young was assistant in the Muscovy Company in 1569 (T.S. Willan,
The Muscovy Merchants of 1555
(Manchester, 1953), p. 75).

43.
TNA E 178/2939. A full biography of Young is in preparation.

44.
House of Lords Main Papers, 20 Mar 1621–4 April 1621, HL/PO/JO/10/1/16, fos. 1r, 7r.

45.
HEHL MS HM 715, fo. 27v, and TNA SP 12/130/19; TNA SP 12/240/109.

46.
BLO MS Ashmole 488, 20 May 1590, and see below, p. 211.

47.
TNA SP 12/129/44.I, SP 12/122/62; McDermott, ‘The Company of Cathay’, pp. 171, 175.

48.
APC
, x, pp. 134–5, 148; TNA SP 12/122/9, p. 19.

49.
Magdalene College, Cambridge, MS Pepys 2133, fo. 5r; TNA SP 12/119/46.

50.
TNA E 164/35/126,127; E 164/36, accounts of William Borough, Edward Fellman and Thomas Allyn; TNA C 47/34/6.

51.
TNA C 54/1055; House of Lords Main Papers, 20 Mar 1621–4 April 1621, HL/PO/JO/10/1/16, fos. 4r, 8r; BL MS Lansdowne 30, fo. 12.

Chapter 10: ‘More is hid, than uttered’: The Philosopher's Stone and Empire

1.
Ramusio,
Navigationi et Viaggi
, vol. 3, fo. 105r; Peter Lake, ‘A Tale of Two Episcopal Surveys: The Strange Fates of Edmund Grindal and Cuthbert Mayne Revisited’,
Transactions of the Royal Historical Society
, 6th ser., 18 (2008), pp. 129–63, at pp. 146–7.

2.
BLO MS Ashmole 1789, fo. 50r, and see
Memorials
, BL shelf mark C.21.e.12.

3.
BL MS Add. 59681, p. 26, in MacMillan and Abeles,
John Dee: The Limits of the British Empire
, p. 52 (author's emphasis).

4.
Sherman,
Dee
, pp. 12–19, 148–200, attacks ‘The myth of the magus’ and minimises the impact of Dee's occult beliefs on his imperial writings.

5.
BL MS Add. 59681, pp. 72–4, printed in MacMillan and Abeles,
John Dee: The Limits of the British Empire
, pp. 97–100;
Memorials
, sig. e.*1r.

6.
BL MS Add. 59681, pp. 72–4, in MacMillan and Abeles,
John Dee: The Limits of the British Empire
, pp. 97–100. Author's emphasis.

7.
BL MS Add. 59681, p. 41, in MacMillan and Abeles,
John Dee: The Limits of the British Empire
, p. 67.

8.
BL MS Cotton Vitellius C. VII, fo. 262r.

9.
R&W, DM 70, BL MS Sloane 313; Robert Mathiesen, ‘A Thirteenth-Century Ritual to Attain the Beatific Vision from the
Sworn Book of Honorius of Thebes
’, in Claire Fanger, ed.,
Conjuring Spirits: Texts and Traditions of Medieval Ritual Magic
(College Park, PA, 1998), pp. 143–62.

10.
BL MS Sloane 3188, fo. 48r; see above, p. 50 on Trithemius, and below, pp. 147, 177 on Kelley.

11.
Dee's notes in J. Trithemius,
De septem secundeis
(Frankfurt, 1545), Cambridge University Library shelf mark Dd*.4.5.11 (E); Roberts and Watson,
Catalogue
, 678, at p. 92; J. Firmicus,
Ad Mavortium Lollianum Astronomicon lib.VIII per N. Prucknerum … ab innumeris mendis vindicati
(Basle, 1533), University College London shelf mark Ogden A.9, in Manilius,
Astronomica
5 (R&W, 251).

12.
BLO MS Ashmole 1789, fo. 58v;
Memorials
, sig. e*4v.

13.
Tanner,
The Last Descendants of Aeneas
, pp. 119–45; John L. Phelan,
The Millennial Kingdom of the Franciscans in the New World
(Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1970, rev. edn), pp. 5–16; John S. Mebane,
Renaissance Magic and the Return of the Golden Age: The Occult Tradition and Marlowe, Jonson, and Shakespeare
(Lincoln, NE, 1989); Alexandre Y. Haran,
Le lys et la globe: messianisme dynastique et rêve imperial en France au XVIe et XVII Siècles
(Paris, 2000).

14.
BL MS Add. 59681, pp. 57–8, in MacMillan and Abeles,
John Dee: The Limits of the British Empire
, pp. 81–3; S. Anglo,
Images of Tudor Kingship
(London, 1992), pp. 45–55; and Anglo,
Spectacle, pageantry and early Tudor policy
(Oxford, 1969).

15.
Edward Topsell,
Times Lamentations
(London, 1599), p. 63;
Certein Letters wherin is set forth a Discourse of the Peace that was attempted and sought to have bin put in effecte by the Lords and States of Holland and Zelande in the year of oure Lorde 1574
(London, 1576).

16.
BL MS Harley 285, fos. 32r–36v, at fo. 36r, John Hastings to Burghley, Brussels, 2 December 1575.

17.
CSP Spanish
, ii, p. 523; Joseph M. Kervyn de Lettenhove,
Relations politiques des Pays-Bas et de L'Angleterre sous la regne de Philippe II
, 11 vols. (Brussels, 1882–1900), viii, p. 249; S. Adams, ‘Elizabeth I and the Sovereignty of the Netherlands’,
Transactions of the Royal Historical Society
, 6th ser., 14 (2004), pp. 309–19 at p. 313;
Certein letters
, sig. b7r.

18.
Kervyn de Lettenhove,
Relations politiques
, viii, p. 249;
CSP Spanish
, ii, pp. 522–4.

19.
Kervyn de Lettenhove,
Relations politiques
, viii, pp. 213, 222–3.

20.
Sandford, ‘Epistle Dedicatorie’, in
Houres of Recreation, or Afterdinners, Which may aptly be called, The Garden of Pleasure
(London, 1576), sigs. A5v–A6r.

21.
Jacopo Brocardo,
The Reuelation of S. Ihon reueled
(London, 1582), fo. 32v.

22.
Richard Bancroft,
A Sermon Preached at Paules Crosse the 9 of Februarie, being the first Sunday in the Parleament, Anno 1588
[i.e. 1589]
by Richard Bancroft D. of Divinitie and Chaplaine to the right Honorable Sir Christopher Hatton
(London, 1588), sigs. B2r, B3r–v, B4v.

23.
BL MS Harley 249, fo. 95v; Glyn Parry, ‘John Dee and the Elizabethan “British Empire” in its European Context’,
The Historical Journal
, 49, 3 (2006), pp. 643–75.

24.
CR, p. 527; BL MS Add. 59681, pp. 72–4, in MacMillan and Abeles,
John Dee: The Limits of the British Empire
, pp. 97–100; Bart van Es,
Spenser's Forms of History
(Oxford, 2002), pp. 141–2, 147; Anthony Pagden,
Lords of all the World: Ideologies of Empire in Spain, Britain and France c.1500–c.1800
(New Haven and London, 1995), pp. 29–40.

25.
BL MS Sloane 3188, fos. 6v–7r, 8r, 24r, BL MS Add. 36674, fo. 186r, and see above, pp. 31–3.

26.
MP
, sigs. d3v–d4r, A3r–v, d2v–d3r; Psellus,
De daemonibus
(Venice, 1516), R&W, 256 (Washington, D.C., Folger Shakespeare Library shelf mark BF 1501 J2 Copy 2 Cage); BL MS Add. 36674, fos. 59r–62v.

27.
MH
, p. 201.

28.
‘ut Aphorismos nostros, istosque, eosdem esse (ordinis solum et phraseos excepta ratione) indicaret’, ‘ut in Ursonis et meis Aphorismis admirandum ullum, divinitusque immissum suspiraremur consensum’ (BLO MS Ashmole 1788, iv, p. 5), referring to Trinity College, Cambridge MS O.2.50, R&W, M3, bought in 1556 from John Leland's estate.

29.
‘Et tamen si vel verbatim quidem, vel (ut ita dicam) literatim integri convenirent libelli; miraculi cujusdam citius (tali in eventu)’ (BLO MS Ashmole 1788, iv, p. 7).

30.
Michael T. Walton and Phyllis J. Walton, ‘Being up Front: The Frontispiece and the
Prisca
Tradition’,
Cauda Pavonis
, n.s. 17, nos. 1 & 2 (spring and fall 1998), pp. 8–13;
Memorials
, sig. i2r, where the marginal comment ‘Anno 1574, In August at Mortlake’ refers to Dee's letter to Camden.

31.
Memorials
, sig. e1r–v

32.
BLO MS Ashmole 1789, fos. 51v–52v;
Memorials
, sig. [delta] 3v.

33.
BLO MS Ashmole 1789, fo. 97r;
Memorials
, sig. G4r, p. 55.

34.
BL MS Cotton Vitellius C. VII, fo. 92v; BLO MS Ashmole 1789, fo. 114v,
Memorials
, p. 79.

35.
BL MS Add. 59681, pp. 72–3, in MacMillan and Abeles,
John Dee: The Limits of the British Empire
, pp. 98–9.

36.
Tanner,
Last Descendants of Aeneas
, p. 100.

37.
Howard Louthan,
The Quest for Compromise: Peace-Makers in Counter-Reformation Vienna
(Cambridge, 1997), and Paula S. Fichtner,
Emperor Maximilian II
(New Haven and London, 2001). On the 1567 German translation, see above, p. 79.