The Autoimmune Connection: Essential Information for Women on Diagnosis, Treatment, and Getting On With Your Life (66 page)

Quinacrine (Atabrine),
79

RA.
See
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Race and ethnicity

Crohn’s disease,
241

lupus,
70

type 1 diabetes,
197

vasculitis,
381

Radiation therapy,
114

Radioactive iodine,
112–13
,
120
,
124

Radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU),
108–9

Radiograph,
34
.
See also
X-rays

Radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS),
296

RAIU.
See
Radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU)

RAPID3.
See
Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3 (RAPID3)

Rapid-acting insulin,
206

Raynaud’s phenomenon,
129
,
131
,
139–40

Reactive arthritis,
26

Readers.
See
Patients

Rebecca MacDonald Centre for Arthritis and Autoimmune Disease (Canada),
468

Rebif,
303
,
314

Receptor,
5

Reclast (zoledronic acid),
58

Red clover,
54
,
316
,
378

Reder, Anthony T.,
289
,
291
,
293
,
294
,
298
,
304
,
311

Refresh Tears,
184

Reglan (metoclopramide),
140

Regonol,
331

Regular-acting insulin,
206

Relafen,
78

Relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS),
294
,
300

Remicade (infliximab).
See
Infliximab (Remicade)

Remifemin,
54
,
316

Reminyl (galantamine),
311

Renal tubular acidosis,
178

Renova,
157

Replens,
188
,
191

Reproductive endocrinologist,
442

Resorption,
124

Resources

Affordable Care Act information,
474

books (selected reading),
477–82

medications,
475

professional associations/foundations,
465–74

Restasis,
185

Retin-A,
157

Retinoids,
157

Revatio,
140

RF.
See
Rheumatoid factor (RF)

Rh-negative,
371

Rh-positive,
371

RhD,
371

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA),
13
,
21–62

ACR/EULAR guidelines,
36

breastfeeding,
50–51

cardiovascular disease,
55–57

cause,
25–28

corticosteroids,
43–44

diagnosis,
31–34

different women/different impact,
24

distinguishing features,
32

drugs/medications,
36–43

female factor,
47–48

fertility,
49–50

first-person account (Kathleen Turner),
22
,
28
,
30–31
,
34–35
,
48
,
58

herbal remedies,
45
,
54

how RA affects joints,
22–25

identical twins,
25

laboratory tests,
32–34

menopause,
51–54

menstruation,
49

nondrug therapies,
44–47

online resources,
36

osteoporosis,
57–58
,
95

pain mediations,
36–37

pregnancy,
50–51

prevalence,
22

RA clusters,
46

reactive arthritis,
26

rheumatoid nodules,
29

surgery,
44

symptoms,
28–30

treat to target,
35

warning signs,
24

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) clusters,
46

Rheumatoid factor (RF),
16
,
32
,
180

Rheumatoid nodules,
29

Rheumatologist,
441
,
443

Risedronate (Actonel),
58
,
220
,
269
,
282
,
433

Ritalin,
307

Ritonavir (Norvir),
311

Rituximab (Rituxan)

autoimmune hepatitis (AIH),
401

immune thrombocythemia (ITP),
374

lupus,
79

myasthenia gravis (MG),
342

rheumatoid arthritis (RA),
41
,
51

Sjögren’s syndrome,
188

vasculitis,
386

Rivaroxaban (Xarelto),
358

Ro,
72
,
73

Rodnan skin scoring system,
144

Rogue T cells,
6

Rolaids,
111

Romiplostim (Nplate),
373

Rose, Noel,
102
,
105
,
108
,
115
,
118
,
121

Rose Bengal staining,
181

Roubey, Robert A. S.,
352
,
353
,
361

Routine Assessment of Patient Index Data 3 (RAPID3),
36

Rowasa,
265

RRMS.
See
Relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS)

Rubeola,
243

Ruxolitinib (Jakafi),
166

S1P receptor modulators.
See
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulators

Sacral nerve stimulation,
308

Sacroiliitis,
151

SADBE.
See
Squaric acid dibutyl ester (SADBE)

Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus, National Assessment (SELENA) trials,
92
,
93

Salagen,
187

Saliva,
176

Salivary gland,
173

Salivary gland biopsy,
181

SalivaSure,
187

Salmon, Jane E.,
85

Salmonella,
26

Sandimmune.
See
Cyclosporine (Neoral, Sandimmune)

Sandler, S. Gerald,
364
,
365
,
371
,
372

Savella (milnacipran),
424

Schirmer test,
181

Sclerodactyly,
131

Scleroderma,
128–49

blood pressure and kidney problems,
141–42

cause,
128–30

clusters,
138

CREST,
132

diagnosis,
134–36

diffuse,
132–33

distinguishing features,
134
,
135

eosinophilic fascitis (EF),
137

female factor,
137–38

first-hand account (Karen),
127
,
133–34
,
137–38
,
145

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD),
140–41

graft-
versus
-host disease (GVHD),
137

hand function,
149

laboratory tests,
135–36

limited systemic scleroderma,
132

linear,
133

localized,
133

lung problems,
141

menopause,
147–48

menstrual and reproductive effects,
145–46

pregnancy,
146–47

Raynaud’s phenomenon,
129
,
131
,
139–40

scleroderma sine sclerosis,
133

sexuality,
148–49

skin thickening,
134
,
142

symptoms,
130–33

tracking the symptoms,
143–44

treatment,
139–43

warning signs,
128

Scleroderma and autoimmune skin disorders,
127–70

alopecia,
160–66
.
See also
Alopecia areata

psoriasis,
149–60
.
See also
Psoriasis

scleroderma.
See
Scleroderma

vitiligo,
166–68

Scleroderma clusters,
138

Scleroderma-like disorders,
136–37

Scleroderma sine sclerosis,
133

Sclerosing cholangitis,
392

Secalin,
271

Secondary APS,
354

Secondary hyperparathyroidism,
282

Secondary immune thrombocytopenia,
367

Secondary progressive MS (SPMS),
295

Secondary Raynaud’s,
131

Secondary Sjögren’s,
172

SED rate,
384
.
See
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (SED rate)

Selected reading,
477–82

Selective COX-2 inhibitors,
78

Selective cytokine inhibitory drugs,
267

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs),
191
,
192

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs),
316

SELENA trials.
See
Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus, National Assessment (SELENA) trials

Selexipag,
142–43

Self-antigen,
6

Self-help groups,
458
.
See also
Support groups

Self-reactive T cell,
6

Semapimod,
256

SERMs.
See
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs)

Serotonin,
363
,
419

Serum thyroxine binding globulin,
118

Serzone (nefazodone),
425

Sex chromosomes,
12

Sexuality,
148–49

SFEMG.
See
Single-fiber EMG

Shigella,
26

Short-acting insulin,
206

Sicca syndrome,
176

Sigmoidoscopy,
247–48
,
263

Signs,
16

Sildenafil,
140
,
142

Simponi (golimumab),
40
,
153
,
158
,
266

Singh, Jasvinder,
39
,
42

Single-attack progressive MS,
296

Single-fiber EMG,
329

Sinus tracts,
246

6-mercaptopurine (6-MP),
252
,
256
,
265

Sjögren’s clusters,
179

Sjögren’s syndrome,
15
,
171–94

cause,
173–75

diagnosis,
177–82

distinguishing features,
182

dry eye,
184–87

dry mouth,
187

dry vagina,
188

families/heredity,
175

female factor,
182–83

first-hand account (Evelyn),
171
,
178
,
183–84
,
189

gynecological issues,
190–92

keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS),
176
,
183

laboratory tests,
180–81

menopause,
190–92

moisture-producing glands,
173

ocular examination,
179

pregnancy,
189–90

primary/secondary Sjögren’s,
172

sicca syndrome,
176

Sjögren’s clusters,
179

small fiber neuropathy,
177

symptoms,
176–78

tear film layers,
174

treatment,
184–89

warning signs,
173

Sjögren’s syndrome A (SSA),
72–73

Sjögren’s syndrome B (SSB),
72–73

Skin biopsy,
74

Skin disorders.
See
Scleroderma and autoimmune skin disorders

Skin rashes,
69

Skin thickening,
134
,
142
.
See also
Scleroderma

Skupski, Daniel W.,
377

SLA/LP antibodies.
See
Soluble liver antigen/liver pancreas antigen (SLA/LP) antibodies

SLE.
See
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI),
76

Slit-lamp examination,
181

SMA.
See
Smooth muscle cell antibodies (SMA)

Small fiber neuropathy,
177

Small intestine biopsy,
277

Small vessel vasculitis,
380

Smoking

Crohn’s disease,
243

rheumatoid arthritis (RA),
27

scleroderma,
140

Smooth muscle cell antibodies (SMA),
394
,
397
,
406

Soluble liver antigen/liver pancreas antigen (SLA/LP) antibodies,
401

Sonata (zaleplon),
342

Soriatane (acitretin),
157
,
158
,
159

Soy protein,
54

Spastic colon,
245

Specialists,
440–43

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulators,
304

Spinal tap,
297–98

Splenda,
209

Splenectomy,
373

SPMS.
See
Secondary progressive MS (SPMS)

Spondylitis,
151
,
152

Spondyloarthritis,
151

Squaric acid dibutyl ester (SADBE),
164

SSA.
See
Sjögren’s syndrome A (SSA)

SSB.
See
Sjögren’s syndrome B (SSB)

SSc,
127
.
See also
Scleroderma

SSRIs.
See
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

State pharmaceutical assistance program,
453

Statins,
337
,
395
,
421