The Bishop's Boys (93 page)

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L’Aérophile
(February 1904).

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Collier’s Weekly
(Dec. 25, 1948), vol. 122, no. 26, 26–27, 68, 70.

Thompson, H. A.,
Our Bishops
(Dayton, Ohio: United Brethren Publishing House, 1903).

Tillman, Stephen F.,
Man Unafraid: The Miracle of Military Aviation
(Washington, D.C.: The Army Times, 1954).

Trimble, William F.,
A History of Aeronautics in Pennsylvania
(Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1982).

Turner, Major C. C.,
Old Flying Days
(New York: Arno Press, 1971).

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Contact! The Story of the Early Birds
(New York: Bonanza Books, 1953).

Voisin, Gabriel,
Men, Women and 10,000 Kites
(London: Putnam, 1963).

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Early Aviation at Farnborough
. Vol. 2:
The First Airplanes
(London: Macdonald, 1974).

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Aeronautical Journal
(July-September 1916), 97–99.

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Aero Club of America Bulletin
(July 1912), 13.

“The Wilbur Wright and Hubert Latham Memorials,”
The Aero
(December 1912), 352.

Wilmore, Augustus Cleland,
History of the White River Conference of the Church of the United Brethren in Christ
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Wolko, Howard, ed.,
The Wright Flyer: An Engineering Perspective
(Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1987).

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American Bar Association Journal
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Scientific American
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U.S. Air Services
(September 1940), 10–11.

Wright, Orville, “The Wright Brothers’ Aeroplane,”
Century Magazine
(September 1908), 641–650.

——, “How We Made the First Flight,”
Flying
(December 1913), 10–12.

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Smithsonian Annual Report
(Washington, D.C.:

Smithsonian Institution Press, 1914), 201–216.

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U.S. Air Services
(March 1928), 30–31.

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U.S. Air Services
(August 1945), 9.

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How We Invented the Airplane
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Scenes in the Church Commission During the Last Day of Its Session
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The Aeronautical Journal
(July 1901), 47–49.

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Illustriete Aeronautische Mitteilungen
(July 1901), 108–109.

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Journal of the Western Society of Engineers
(December 1901), 489–510.

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Journal of the Western Society of Engineers
(August 1903), 400–417.

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Aeronautics
(January 1911), 4.

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Aero Club of America Bulletin
(April 1912), 2–4.

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Aero Club of America Bulletin
(May 1912), 17–19.

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Santos-Dumont: A Study in Obsession
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(Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1914), 218.

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Abbot, Charles Greeley, 493–96, 519–20

abolitionism, 25, 26, 29, 30, 40, 41, 67, 79, 89

Académie des Sports, 383

Academy of Sciences, 320

Adair, Iowa, 52, 71

Adams, John Quincy, 29–30

Ader, Clément, 215, 232, 242, 260, 310, 321, 441–42, 446

Adkins, Will, 98–99

Adventure Galley
,192

Aerial Experiment Association (AEA), 349–53, 360, 362–64, 372, 379, 399–401, 404

“Aerial Navigation” (Chanute), 202

Aerial Navigation
(Zahm), 422

Aéro-Club de France, 249–52, 275, 277, 312, 315, 318, 344, 416

Aviation Committee of, 308–9

prizes established by, 250–51, 252, 317, 321–22, 325, 380–81, 383, 460

Subcommittee on Aviation Experiments of, 252

Technical Committee on Aerial Locomotion of, 252

Aéro-Club de la Sarthe, 365, 381, 390

Aero Club of America, 312–13, 314, 331, 347, 362, 401, 403

awards given by, 383, 390, 391, 425

competitions supervised by, 363–64, 459

exhibitions of, 312, 328–29, 351

Wrights’ agreement with, 418

Wrights honored by, 383, 390, 391, 392

Aerodrome No. 5, 139, 141–42

Aerodrome No. 6, 139, 141,
141

Aerodromes, 153, 160–62, 166, 168–70, 210, 226, 256–58, 261–63, 263, 293, 296, 312, 350

reconstruction of, 485–87, 489, 492–95, 520

aerodynamics:

airflow and, 169, 176–80

equations in, 174, 177, 178–79, 220

laboratory research in, 142–43, 149, 152, 167

laws of, 140, 165, 175

problems of, 166–70, 171–73, 197–98

Aeronautical Annual
, 115, 162, 165, 178, 347

Aeronautical Journal
, 202, 317

Aeronautical Society of Great Britain, 202, 232, 247, 383

aeronautics, 149, 150

dangers of, 90, 163, 187, 188, 190, 210, 212, 235, 257–58, 262–63, 283, 296–97, 311–12, 323

degree programs established in, 474

general interest in, 136–38, 143, 145, 156, 161–62, 164, 429–30

international conference on, 150–52, 205, 296, 422

literature of, 115, 140, 142–43, 152, 159, 160, 162, 165, 171, 177, 181, 202–3, 219–20, 218–19, 230, 232, 250, 251, 253–54, 296

military uses of, 289–90, 294, 306, 307, 310, 320, 351, 435–36

Orville on, 429

practical vs. theoretical understanding of, 174–75, 2I9

team approach to, 205

Wilbur on, 161, 165, 166, 167, 169–70, 171, 172, 184, 188, 207, 212, 213, 273–74, 316, 429

Aeronautics
, 362, 419

Aeronautic Society of New York, 399, 401–3

Aérophile, L’
, 255, 306, 307, 317, 318–19, 320, 362, 368

ailerons, 319, 324, 353, 360, 383–84, 401–2, 462, 484

aircraft industry, U.S., 510–11

research and development in, 473–74

safety competitions in, 474

wartime leadership of, 473

Aircraft Production Board, 469, 471

airfoil design, 178, 179, 197, 222–28,
223, 224, 227
, 421–22

Air Force, U.S., 436, 511, 528

airplanes:

canard design, 179–80, 319

circumnavigation of globe by, 511

first fatality in crash of, 376–77,
376

first powered flight of,
see
Wright Flyer (1903)

first practical extended demonstration of, 299–300

first public flight of, 317, 324–26

invention of, 77, 156, 162, 175, 412, 422, 433, 453, 460, 501

jet, 525

maneuverability of, 167–70, 344, 368

race for development of, 251–52, 256–58, 261–63, 316–26, 345, 463

scouting, 306, 310

stability and control of, 166, 167–70, 172, 180, 200–201, 209–11, 235–36, 344, 443

three-axis control of, 15, 167–70, 322, 383, 422

training, 464, 470, 510

transcontinental flights of, 438–39

unsuccessful tests of, 256–58, 260, 261–63,
263

wartime government contracts for, 469–70

air pressure, 176, 177, 219–21, 242

Air Service Engineering Division, 511

airships, 248, 289, 290, 313–14, 325, 336, 339, 342, 351

first navigable, 231

semirigid, 250–51

see also
balloons; dirigibles

airshows, U.S., 424–25, 428–33, 434–35, 437

Akeley, Carl, 502

Albatross, 154, 155

Alexander, Patrick Y., 247–48, 255, 259, 276, 291, 306–7, 308, 311, 327, 328

Alfonso XIII, King of Spain, 386, 387

Alger, Fred, 409, 411

Alger, Russell, 391, 409, 410, 411

Allen, James, 341, 346, 347, 392, 393

America
, 457

American Aerodrome Company, 400

American Aeronaut
, 396

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 140, 149, 150, 152, 276

American Boy
, 517

American Chicle, 328

American Engineer and Railroad Journal
, 152

American Inventor
, 498

American Magazine of Aeronautics
, 347

American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), 149, 150

American Woolen Company, 328

American Wright Company, 418, 471

aeronautical research at, 443

board of directors of, 410, 411, 460, 461, 463, 465

corporate headquarters of, 411

criticism of, 463, 464

factory of, 411, 412, 424, 435, 436, 438, 455–56, 465, 469

financial losses of, 466

founding of, 410

monopolistic opportunity lost to, 461–63

Orville as president of, 451, 455–56, 460–61, 463–68

Orville’s stock takeover of, 465, 468

profits of, 429

reorganization of, 466–67

royalty payments to, 434, 441, 461

sale of, 465–66, 468, 484, 489

technological edge lost by, 432–33, 446–47, 457, 458, 460

types of aircraft built at, 435

Amery, L. S., 289–90

Ames, James, 492

Andrews, Alfred “Peek,” 514–15

anemometers, 190, 207, 267

“Angle of Incidence” (Wright), 202

angle-of-incidence indicator, 459

Animal Locomotion, or Walking, Swimming and Flying, with a Dissertation on Aeronautics
(Pettigrew), 160

Animal Mechanism
(Marey), 159

Antoinette, 325, 342, 416, 431

Archdeacon, Ernest, 252, 275, 307, 308, 317, 320, 321, 322, 326, 336, 342, 344, 366

Wrights recalled by, 345, 368

Archdeacon Cup, 317, 321–22, 325, 344

Archdeacon glider (1904), 319–21

Archdeacon glider (1905), 322–23

Ark
, 139–40, 141

Armée de l’Air, 505

Army, U.S., 388, 390, 391, 458

Quartermaster Corps of, 506

Signal Corps of, 341, 347, 372, 379

Signal Officers Reserve Corps of, 469–70

Wright Flyer demonstrations for, 372–78,
376
, 395–99,
397
, 408, 445, 451, 456

Wright Flyers sold to, 424, 446, 457, 463–64

Army Air Corps, U.S., 446

Army Air Forces, U.S., 436, 526

Army Board of Ordnance and Fortification, U.S., 161, 257, 292–94, 304–5, 331–32, 341–42, 346–48

heavier-than-air competition sponsored by, 347–48

Arnold, Henry H. “Hap,” 436, 437, 473, 510, 526

Arnot, Matthias, 233–34

Associated Press, 270, 271, 272, 274, 276, 443

Atlantic & Pacific Aerial Navigation Co., 138

Atlantic Monthly
, 106

Atwood, Harry, 437–38

Auto, L’
, 308

automatic stabilizing systems, 443–45, 459–60

Automobile Club of America, 312

aeronautical exhibition of, 312–13

automobiles, 106, 114, 115, 136, 322

electric, 328

internal combustion engines of, 166, 462

patents on, 461–62

Avery, Charles, 138

Avery, William, 153, 154, 156, 235, 236, 290–91

aviateurs militantes, les
, 252

Aviation
, 492

Avion 111
, 259–60, 310, 321, 441

Baby Grand, 432,
432
, 434

Baden-Powell, Baden Fletcher Smyth, 247, 248, 259, 291, 381–82

Bailey, Doctor, 379

Bairstow, Leonard, 491

Baldwin, Frederick Walker “Casey,” 351–53, 379–80

Baldwin, Tom, 290, 303, 313–14, 327, 361, 373, 374, 425, 445

Balfour, Arthur, Lord, 387

Ball, Joseph A., 28

ballast, 286, 322

balloons, 124, 144, 163, 248, 249, 250–51, 280

free, 289

launching from, 296

parachuting from, 425

races of, 336

reconnaissance, 289

sport, 250, 308, 336, 364

tethered, 290, 381, 397–98

Wilbur on, 336

Balzer, Stephen M., 257

Bariquand et Marre, 349, 361, 364, 365, 383

Barkeley, Alben W., 528

Barnaby, Horace T., 82, 217

Barnes, Alpheus, 460–61, 465

Barnum & Bailey Circus, 341

barometers, 398

Bartholdi
, 262

Bates, J. C, 304

batteries, 244, 267

Baum, Jesse, 259

Beach, Stanley Yale, 498, 499

Beachey, Lincoln, 425, 426, 485

Beard, Dave, 279, 284, 285, 299, 308

Beard, Luther, 282, 300

Beard, Mrs. Dave, 283, 284, 285, 308

Beck, Mabel, 449, 456, 475–76. 483, 509, 512, 513, 517, 524, 525, 526

Becker, Henry J., 82

Beinn Breagh, 350, 351, 352, 400, 401

Bell, Alexander Graham, 138–42, 326, 329, 379–80, 392, 485, 487

aeronautical projects of, 349–53, 362, 399, 400–401

patent suit of, 399

Bell, Lawrence, 528–29

Bell, Mabel, 349, 351, 399

Bell, Mrs. C. J., 392

Belle Epoque, 250

“Bell’s Boys,” 352

Bell Telephone Company, 461

Belmont, August, 409, 410

Belmont Meet, 445

Bennett, James Gordon, 98, 336

James Gordon Bennett Trophies, 336, 404, 432,
432

Berck-sur-Mer, France, 320, 321, 322

Berg, Hart 0., 330, 331, 332–33, 335, 336–37, 339, 342, 344, 349, 370, 381, 388

Berg, Mrs. Hart, 381

Bergdoll, Grover Cleveland, 436–37

Berkshire Museum, 522, 523

Bertrand, Colonel, 306, 309

Besançon, Georges, 306, 307, 309, 336, 368

Beust, Carl, 521–22

bicycles, 105–15

aeronautical tests with, 221–22,
223

brand names of, 105, 108–9, 113

cost of, 105, 108, 113

flying machines and, 114–15, 169–70, 171, 243. 302, 353

high-wheel, 65, 106, 109

manufacturing technologies of, 106, 111–13

mass production of, 106, 113

national popularity of, 106–7, 115, 129

outings and races on, 105, 106–7, 117, 353

safety, 106, 109

tandem, 109

turning of, 170

Bierce, Nelson, 308

Big Kill Devil Hill,
265
, 445, 506–7

Billheimer family, 69

Billman, Charley, 298–99

Billman, C. S., 298, 308

Billman, Nellie, 298, 308

Bingham, Hiram, 506

Binghamton
Republican
, 114

biplanes, 139, 143–45, 153, 156, 179. 233. 312, 322, 324, 401

bird flight, 137, 142–43, 159, 160–61, 172–73, 175, 176, 205, 316

Bird of Prey
, 324–26

Birney, James G., 25

Bishop, Courtlandt Field, 331, 401, 403, 404, 414–15

Black, Fred, 500, 509

Blackbeard, 192

Blaine, James G., 99

Bleriot, Louis, 323, 324, 342, 349, 366, 369, 383–84, 405, 418

aircraft of, 384, 399, 413, 416, 431, 457

English Channel flight of, 384, 399

Blériot XI, 384, 399

“blind-flying” instruments, 474

“blinkers,” 295

Bliss, Alexander, II, 511

B. M. Van Dusen
, 354

Boehm, Martin, 28

Boer War, 289

Bollée, Léon, 364–66, 381, 385

Bonebrake Theological Seminary, 41

Bonel, Henri, 310, 334, 441

Bonney, Leonard, 428, 435

Book of Discipline
, 28, 41, 52, 68, 82, 217

Borglum, Gutzon, 471, 504

Boston
Transcript
, 142

Boswell, James, 78

Boys’ Life of the Wright Brothers, The
(Charnley), 517–18

Brade, Reginald H., 295

Brazil
, 250

Breckinridge, John C, 37

Brewer, Griffith, 469–70, 475, 488–89, 490–91, 494, 50, 513

Bridgeport
Sunday Herald
, 498

Brindley, Oscar, 464

“Bring Back Our Winged Exile,” 496

“Bring Home the Wright Plane,” 496

Brinkley, W. C, 266

British Balloon Factory, 311, 312

Brookins, Walter “Brookie,” 426–27, 428, 430, 432, 433, 434, 435, 509

Brown, John, 37–38

Brown, Roy, 436

Brown, William, 33

S. N. Brown Co., 255

Browne, Ross, 383–84

Browning, John, 149, 177, 247

Bryan, G. H., 232

Bryan, William Jennings, 135, 160

Burba, George, 13

Burbank, Luther, 508

Burkhart, J. C. 357

Burgess, Gelett, 127–28

Burgess, W. Starling, 461

Burgess tractor machines, 464

Burkhardt, Mayor, 391, 393

Bush, Vannevar, 517

Bushiemer, Dr., 449

Butusov, Paul, 153–54, 155

Byrd, Richard, 502

Cachin, Emile, 460

Calderara, Mario, 388

California Arrow
, 290

Call, Loren H., 458, 464

Calvinism, 28

Camp d’Auvours, 369, 382, 385, 386, 504–5

Canada, 400, 478–79

canard design, 179–80, 312, 319, 324

Cannon, B., 138

Capper, John Edward, 289, 290, 291–92, 294, 305–6, 311–12

Carnegie, Andrew, 229

Carnot, Sadi, 249

Cassier’s Magazine
, 202

catapult launching systems, 140, 141, 256, 262, 282–83, 285–86, 299, 381, 486

Cayley, Sir George, 56, 161, 176

Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 52–53, 58–60

Cedar River, 52

Cellic, Andrew, 499

Centocelle, 388,
389
, 405, 410

Central High School, 74, 88, 95,
95
, 101, 104, 122, 279, 377, 426