The Black History of the White House (70 page)

political channel lockout,
231

political inclusion, South (obstacle),
255–256

political leaders, White House openness,
227–228

presidential aspirations,
362–364

progress, white hostility (intensification),
351–352

race, accountability,
186

racial subjugation,
137

refugee welfare, Truth interest,
212

resistance

growth,
352

impact,
30

Roosevelt Great Depression projects, impact (absence),
255

senators/representatives (41st/42nd Congress), photograph,
242

sharecropping, impact,
236

slavery,
131

social movement, progressiveness (necessity),
478–479

South-North migration,
256
,
422

troops

Confederate troop slaughter,
205

murder,
205

Tubman liberation,
212–213

voters, disenfranchisement strategies,
243–244

votes, controversy,
237–238

voting rights, Civil Rights Movement targeting,
363

white disenfranchisement,
235

women, white men sexual attacks,
416

black slave

labor, impact,
48

labor, tradition (establishment),
89–90

Washington pursuit, possibility,
85

black soldiers

enemy abuse,
206

Lincoln promotion,
206–207

pay/promotion,
205

Black Star Steamship Line, creation,
357

Blake, Eubie,
342

Blakey, Art,
343

Blind Tom.
See
Wiggins

Blockson, Charles L.,
100

Blumrosen, Alfred/Ruth,
52
,
61

Boggs, James,
308

Bolden, Abraham,
279
,
297–298

accusations,
280–281

bigotry/personal pressure, intensity,
286

frame-up charge, credibility,
289–290

Jim Crow housing,
285

Kennedy appointment (1961),
280
,
283–284

Kennedy encounter,
284–285

racist antics,
284

segregation,
285–286

trial, Perry (prejudicial intervention),
289

Warren Commission testimony denial,
289

White House training,
285

Bolles, John (
Nancy
captain),
39

Bolton, Susan,
461

Booker, Cory,
450

Book of Negroes,
80–81

Boone, Ignatius,
117

Booth, John Wilkes,
28
,
197–198

Boston Massacre (1770),
49

bounty hunters, restrictions,
413

Bowen, Arthur,
125–126

Boynton v. Virginia
(1960),
282–283

Bradley, Joseph,
137

Bradley, Tom (Bradley effect),
371–372

Brady, Bob,
99

Brazil, Russia, India, and China (BRIC) nations,
475

economic influence, increase,
476

Breckinridge, John C.,
166

Breitbart, Andrew,
465–466

record, discredit,
472

Brent sisters, slave hiring,
117

Briggs, Cyril,
352

Brockson, Charles,
99

Brooder, Jack,
386

Brooke, Edward,
363

Nixon enemy,
310

Brown, H. Rap,
304

Brown, Jesse,
323

Brown, John

capture,
173

Harpers Ferry raid,
166

insurrection,
154

Brown, Ron,
323
,
325
,
369

Brown, Scott,
477–478

Brown v. Board of Education,
316

Brubeck, David,
339

Jazz Ambassador,
337

Bryan, Helen,
39
,
43

Bryan, William Jennings,
228–229

Brzezinski, Zbigniew,
315

Buchanan, James,
26

Blind Tom performance,
165–166

separation of powers principle violation,
162–163

slave ownership, avoidance,
145
,
154

Buchanan, Pat,
47–48
,
395

Bumbry, Grace,
266

Bunel, Joseph,
228

Bureau of Investigation (BOI),
361

Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Land (Freedmen's Bureau), establishment,
215

Burke, Thomas,
65

Burleson, A.S.,
360

Burnham, Margaret,
472

Burris, Roland,
421

Bush, George H.W.

administration

excesses, impact,
429–430

force, politics (limits),
476

tax cuts/economic collapse,
432

anti-drug war,
321–322

callousness, perception,
432

civil rights advances,
41

civil rights attacks,
320

civil rights record,
326–327

defeat,
368

discriminatory policies, impact,
322–323

jazz performances, absence,
343

McKinley criticism,
400

Public Law 108-72,
346

Rice, closeness,
327

staff, African American scarcity,
328–330

tax increases,
323

war powers measure, vote,
430–431

Bush, George W.

BASS case delay,
296

civil rights advances,
31

Bush, Jeb,
326

Butler, Isaac (free black laborer) (Free Butler),
125

Byrd, Charlie,
339

 

Caldwell, James,
49

Calhoun, John (states' rights advocacy),
413–414

Cameron, James,
258

Campbell, Mary (White House rule),
83

capital

bricks, usage,
118–127

commissioners,
112

women/black/white payment records, absence,
118

construction

enslaved/free labor, usage,
110–117

labor shortage, impact,
111

task, enormity,
117

establishment, bargain,
88–89

labor commissioner resolution (1792),
114

labor policy adjustment,
114

location,
87–88

rebuilding, enslaved black people/free workers (usage),
143–144

stones

quarry movement,
118

usage,
118–127

Capitol Hill, trees (clearing),
115

Card, Andrew,
330

Carlos, John,
304

Carmichael, Stokely,
279
,
304

Carr, Patrick,
49

Carroll, Daniel,
112

Carswell, G. Harrold (Supreme Court nomination failure),
309

Carter, Jimmy,
342
,
453

African Americans, appointment,
314–315

jazz performances,
342–343

Price performance,
266

racial issues,
31
,
314–316

white vote, minority,
312

Carter, Stephen,
318

Castro, Fidel,
291

government, Operation AmWorld,
290–291

Central American Land Company,
158

Chaney, James,
393

Charles (White House construction slave),
117

Cheatham, Henry P.,
358

Cheney, Dick,
329
,
379

excesses, impact,
429–430

McKinley criticism,
400

Powell, conflicts,
404

Cheney, Mary,
379

Chicago, black politics,
419–420

Chicago Art Ensemble,
338

Chiriqui,
185

plans,
187

failure,
191

Chisholm, Shirley Anita St. Hill,
365–367

Black Panther Party endorsement,
367

photograph,
366

Church Arson Task Force,
294

Churchill, Ward,
310

Cinque (Sengbe Pieh),
153

city politics, African American involvement,
421

Civil Rights Act (1866),
216

Johnson veto,
217

Civil Rights Act (1875), unconstitutionality (Supreme Court decision),
240–241

Civil Rights Act (1964),
307
,
317
,
427

Civil Rights Act (1968), anti-lynching law (inclusion),
257–258

civil rights march, photo,
307

Civil Rights Movement

“big six,”
287

black voting rights targeting,
363

Communist infiltration, Kennedy investigation,
302–303

militant wing, confrontational politics (marginalization),
451

victory crisis,
381–382

Civil War,
24
,
169

chaos, impact,
214

Douglass support,
204–205

goal,
191–192

winning, military imperatives,
27

Claiborne, Clement,
164

Clansman, The
(Dixon),
251

Clark, Cornelius,
185

Clark, Mark,
420

Clarke, Edward M. (KKK Imperial Wizard),
360

Class conflicts, number (increase),
67

Clay, Henry

ACS member,
148

eulogy,
183–184

Clay-Clopton, Virginia,
164

Cleaver, Eldridge,
381
,
386–391

legal issues,
390

photograph,
387

Clemente, Rosa,
400–401

Clephane, Walter C.,
105

Cleveland, Grover,
238

blame-the-victim philosophy,
241–242

transition,
241

Clinton, Bill,
371

AFDC reform, black opposition,
324–325

black Cabinet members, appointment,
323

black opposition,
323

jazz performances,
343–344

Monica Lewinsky scandal,
344

Race Initiative,
31
,
325

white vote, minority,
312

Clinton, Hillary,
344
,
370
,
431

campaign

priority,
435

strategy,
433–438

white working-class voter appeal,
445

Clooney, Rosemary,
344

Coalition of Black Trade Unionists,
394

Coard, Michael,
99
,
100

response,
101–102

Cohen, Rose Ella,
422

Cold War,
335–347
,
405

jazz, usage,
335

segregationist challenge,
233

Coleman, J. Marshall,
371–372

Coleman, Ornette,
338
,
342

collective independence, passion,
51

Collins, Addie Mae (murder),
287

Colman, Lucy (Keckly relationship),
210–211

colonization,
Walker's Appeal
argument,
198–199

“Colonization of People of African Descent, The”
(New York Tribune),
185–186

“Colorblind” (Dickerson),
441

Colored Farmers National Alliance and Cooperative Union,
470–471

Colored Man's Reminiscences of James Madison
(Jennings),
131

Coltrane, John,
338

Committee on Economic Security (Roosevelt administration),
256

Communication Workers of America,
394

Communist Manifesto
(Marx),
137

Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act (1986),
319–320

Confederate History Month, revival,
459

Confiscation Act (1861),
192

opposition,
192

Confiscation Act (1862),
192

confrontational politics, marginalization,
451

Congressional Black Caucus,
243

formation,
363

Nixon, relationship (acrimony),
310–311

Congressional Progressive Caucus, McKinley leadership,
399

Congressional representation, allocation,
68

Congress of African People, black demands,
280

Congress of Racial Equality (CORE),
384

bus rides,
282–283

Connecticut, slavery (importance),
55

Connell, William J.,
357–358

Conover, Willis,
335

conservatism, Obama election (repudiation),
455–456

Constitution.
See
U.S. Constitution

Constitutional Congress, displacement,
87

Constitutional Convention,
69
,
95

anti-slavery advocacy,
73

Articles amendment,
67

Madison, slaves (exclusion),
48

constructive engagement policy, Reagan policy,
317–318

Contraband Association,
177–178

Contras, Reagan/CIA relationship,
324