The Bondwoman's Narrative (52 page)

Fabian, Ann.
The Unvarnished Truth: Personal Narratives in Nineteenth-Century America.
Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000.

Findling, John E., ed.
Dictionary of American Diplomatic History,
2d ed., rev. and expanded. New York: Greenwood Press, 1989.

Foster, Frances Smith.
Written by Herself: Literary Production by African American Women, 1746–1892.
Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993.

———.
Witnessing Slavery: The Development of Ante-Bellum Slave Narratives.
2d ed. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1994.

———, ed.
Minnie’s Sacrifice, Sowing and Reaping, Trial and Triumph: Three Rediscovered Novels by Frances E. W. Harper
(Boston: Beacon Press, 1994).

Frazier, E. Franklin.
Black Bourgeoisie.
Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press, 1957.

Griffith, Mattie.
Autobiography of a Female Slave.
Jackson: University of Mississippi, 1998 [1856].

Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich.
Phenomenology of Spirit.
New York: Oxford University Press, 1979.

Hildreth, Richard.
The Slave: or Memoirs of Archy Moore.
Boston: J. H. Eastburn, 1836.

———.
The White Slave: or, Memoirs of a Fugitive.
London: Ingram, Cooke and Company, 1852.

Ingraham, Joseph Holt.
The Quadroone; or, St. Michael’s Day.
New York: Harper, 1841.

Jacobs, Harriet.
Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl.
Edited by Jean Fagan Yellin. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1987.

Keckley, Elizabeth.
Behind the Scenes, or Thirty Years a Slave, and Four Years in the White House.
New York: G. W. Carleton, 1868.

Klauprect, Emil.
Cincinnati, or The Mysteries of the West.
[New York: Peter Lang, 1996], 1857.

Larsen, Nella.
Quicksand
(New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1928).

Morgan, Joseph H.
Morgan’s History of the New Jersey Conference of the A.M.E. Church.
Camden, N.J.: S. Chew, 1887.

Morrison, Toni.
Beloved
. New York: Knopf, 1998.

Newman, Richard.
Words Like Freedom.
Westport, Conn.: Locust Hill Press, 1996.

Nickell, Joe.
Pen, Ink & Evidence: A Study of Writing and Writing Materials for the Penman, Collector, and Document Detective.
New Castle, Del.: Oak Knoll Press, 1990.

———.
Detecting Forgery: Forensic Investigation of Documents.
Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1996.

Peacocke, James S.
The Creole Orphans.
New York: Derby & Jackson, 1856.

Perinchiet, Elizabeth M.
History of the Cemeteries in Burlington County, New Jersey, 1687–1975.
n.p., 1978.

Richmond, Legh.
The Negro Servant: An Authentic and Interesting Narrative.
Boston: Lincoln & Edmonds, 1815.

Rohrbach, Augusta.
Truth Stranger than Fiction: Race, Realism, and the U.S. Marketplace.
New York: Palgrave, 2002.

Sollors, Werner.
Neither Black Nor White Yet Both: Thematic Explorations of Interracial Literature.
Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997.

Still, William.
The Underground Railroad.
Philadelphia: Porter and Coates, 1872.

Stowe, Harriet Beecher.
Dred.
Boston: Phillips, Sampson, 1856.

———.
The Key to Uncle Tom’s Cabin: Presenting the Original Facts and Documents Upon Which the Story Is Founded
. Boston: Jewett, 1853.

———.
Uncle Tom’s Cabin.
Boston: Jewett, 1852.

Sundquist, Eric.
To Wake the Nation: Race in the Making of American Literature.
Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1993.

Thomas à Kempis.
The Imitation of Christ.
Totowa, N.J.: Catholic Book Publishing Co., 1988.

Walpole, Horace.
Castle of Otranto.
New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.

Wheeler, John Hill.
Historical Sketches of North Carolina from 1584 to 1851.
Philadelphia: Lippincott, Grambo and Co., 1851.

———.
A Legislative Manual of North Carolina
. 1874.

———.
Reminiscences and Memoirs of North Carolina and Eminent North Carolinians.
Columbus, Ohio: Columbus Print Works, 1884.

———, ed.
The Narrative of Colonel David Fanning.
Richmond, Va.: privately printed, 1861.

Williams, James.
Narrative of James Williams.
New York: American Anti-Slavery Society, 1838.

Wilson, Harriet E.
Our Nig.
New York: Random House, 1983 [1859]. Wilson, James Grant and John Fiske, eds.
Appleton’s Cyclopaedia of American Biography.
New York: Appleton, 1888.

Wright, Giles R.
Afro-Americans in New Jersey.
Trenton: New Jersey Historical Commission, 1988.

———. “New Jersey,” in
Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History,
edited by Jack Salzman, David Lionel Smith, and Cornel West. New York: Macmillan, 1996.

Wright, Richard.
Native Son.
New York: Harper & Brothers, 1940.

Yellin, Jean Fagan.
The Intricate Knot: Black Figures in American Literature, 1776–1863.
New York: New York University Press, 1992.

Several colleagues generously assisted in the search for Hannah Crafts. Richard Newman attended the Swann auction to bid for
Crafts’s manuscript on my behalf. Nina Kollars typed the manuscript, which she and Newman proofed orally. Kollars also prepared
a list of the novel’s characters, and suggested that I search the censuses for Hannah Vincent. Newman was especially helpful
in researching the history of the African Methodist Episcopal Church in New Jersey. Wyatt Houston Day, Kenneth Rendell, Dr.
Joe Nickell, Leslie Morris, and Craigen Bowen shared their expert opinions about the date of Hannah Crafts’s manuscript. Nina
Kollars and Kevin Rabener searched the Internet for signs of Crafts, combing genealogical websites and CD-ROM databases.

Lisa Finder, Esme Bahn, Paul Abruzzo, and Claudia Hill painstakingly researched census records in the National Archives; Lisa
Finder and Tim Bingaman expertly researched various records available only at the Mormon Family History Library; Esme Bahn
and Nina Kollars pursued various leads at the Library of Congress, where Kollars photocopied John Hill Wheeler’s entire diary
by hand. Sheldon Cheek and Brian Sinche transcribed and searched Wheeler’s diary and chronology for the years 1854–1861; Sinche
pointed out the presence of a slave named “Esther” in one of Wheeler’s 1857 entries, and Cheek analyzed points of overlap
between the diary and the novel.

My colleagues William L. Andrews, Nina Baym, Sterling Bland, Rudolph Byrd, Lawrence Buell, Vincent Carretta, Karen Dalton,
David Brion Davis, Ann Fabian, Frances Smith Foster, Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham, Gene Jarrett, Matthew Lee, David Levering
Lewis, Robert E. May, Nellie Y. McKay, Richard Newman, Susan O’Donovan, Terri Oliver, Tom Parramore, Augusta Rohrbach, Bryan
Sinche, Werner Sollors, and Jean Fagan Yellin read the manuscript of
The Bondwoman’s Narrative,
shared their theories about its origin, and patiently tolerated my phone calls during which we would brainstorm about possible
avenues of research. Terri Oliver analyzed the novel’s plot elements and assisted with the annotation of the text. Richard
Newman offered an analysis of the representation of black characters in
Uncle Tom’s Cabin.

Joanne Kendall, my expert and devoted secretary, typed several drafts of my introduction, the textual annotations, notes,
and appendixes. Professor Arthur R. Miller, the Bruce Bromley Professor of Law at Harvard, offered keen advice about copyright
law governing an unpublished nineteenth-century manuscript. My editor, Jamie Raab, brought enormous sensitivity to a very
complex editorial process.

Tina Bennett, my agent, believed in this project from the day I purchased the manuscript at auction. Laurence Kirshbaum expressed
tremendous enthusiasm and encouragement for this project from the first day I discussed it with him, introduced me to Kenneth
Rendell and Dr. Joe Nickell, and engaged their services to authenticate Hannah Crafts’s manuscript.

Sharon Adams, Henry Finder, Tina Bennett, William Andrews, Angela De Leon, and Richard Newman read and critiqued various drafts
of my account of the quest to find Hannah Crafts. My indebtedness to each will be difficult to repay.