The China Study (59 page)

Read The China Study Online

Authors: T. Colin Campbell,Thomas M. Campbell

BOOK: The China Study
10.7Mb size Format: txt, pdf, ePub
THE (HINA STUDY
384
38. Cairns]. "The treatment of diseases and the War against Cancer." Sci. Am. 253 (1985):
31-39.
39. CuzickJ, and Baum M. "Tamoxifen and contralateral breast cancer." Lancet 2 (1985): 282.
40. CuzickJ, Wang DY, and Bulbrook RD . "The prevention of breast cancer." Lancet 1 (1986):
83-86.
41. Fisher B, Costantino JP, Wickerham DL, et a!. "Tamoxifen for prevention of breast cancer:
report of the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project P-l Study" j. Nat. Cancer
Inst. 90 (1998): 1371-1388.
42. Freedman AN, Graubard BI, Rao SR, et a!. "Estimates of the number of U.S. women who
could benefit from tamoxifen for breast cancer chemoprevention." j. Nat. Cancer Inst. 95
(2003): 526--532.
43. Powles T, Eeles R, Ashley S, et a!. "Interim analysis of the incidence of breast cancer in the
Royal Marsden Hospital tamoxifen randomised chemoprevention tria!''' Lancet 352 (1998):
98-101.
44. Veronesi U, Maisonneuve P, Costa A, et a!. "Prevention of breast cancer with tamoxifen: pre-
liminary findings from the Italian randomised trial among hysterectomised women." Lancet
352 (1998): 93-97.
45. CuzickJ. "A brief review of the current breast cancer prevention trials and proposals for
future trials." Eur J Cancer 36 (2000): 1298-1302.
46. Cummings SR, Eckert S, Krueger KA, et a!. "The effect of raloxifene on risk of breast cancer
in postmenopausal women: results from the MORE randomized tria!." JAMA 281 (1999):
2189-2197.
47. Dorgan JF, Hunsberger S, A., McMahon RP, et a!. "Diet and sex hormones in girls: findings
from a randomized controlled clinical tria!' '' j. Nat. Cancer Inst. 95 (2003): 132-141.
48. Ornish D, Scherwitz LW, BillingsJH, et a!. "Intensive lifestyle changes for reversal of coronary
heart disease." JAMA 280 (1998) : 2001-2007.
49. Esseistyn CB, Ellis SG, Medendorp Sv, et a!. "A strategy to arrest and reverse coronary artery
disease: a 5-year longitudinal study of a single physician's practice." j. Family Practice 41
(1995): 560-568.
50. Hildenbrand GLG, Hildenbrand LC, Bradford K, et a!. "Five-year survival rates of melanoma
patients treated by diet therapy after the manner of Gerson: a retrospective review." Alterna-
tive Therapies in Health and Medicine 1 (1995): 29-37.
51. Youngman LD, and Campbell TC. "Inhibition of aflatoxin Bl-induced gamma-glutamyl
transpeptidase positive (GGT+) hepatic preneoplastic foci and tumors by low protein diets:
evidence that altered GGT+ foci indicate neoplastic potentia!." Carcinogenesis 13 (1992):
1607-1613.
52. Ronai Z, Gradia S, El-Bayoumy K, et a!. "Contrasting incidence of ras mutations in rat mam-
mary and mouse skin tumors induced by anti-benzo!clphenanthrene-3,4-diol-l,2-epoxide."
Carcinogensis 15 (1994): 2113-2116.
53. Jeffy BD, Schultz EU, Selmin 0, et a!. "Inhibition of BRCA-l expression by benzo!alpyrene
and diol epoxide." Mol. Carcinogenesis 26 (1999): 100-118.
54. Gammon MD, Santella RM, Neugut AI, et a!. "Environmental toxins and breast cancer on
Long Island.!. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon DNA adducts." Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers
Prev 11 (2002): 677-685.
55. Gammon MD, Wolff MS, Neugut AI, et a!. "Environmental toxins and breast cancer on Long
Island. II. Organchlorine compound levels in blood." Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 11
(2002): 686-697.
56. Humphries KH, and Gill S. "Risks and benefits of hormone replacement therapy: the evi-
dence speaks." Canadian Med. Assoc. Joum. 168 (2003): 1001-1010.
57. Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators. "Risks and benefits of estro-
385
REFERENCES
gen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women's
Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Trial." JAMA 288 (2002): 321-333.
58. Hulley S, Grady D, Bush T, et al. "Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for second-
ary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. Heart and Estrogen!
progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Research Group." JAMA 280 (1998) : 605-613.
59. While this finding is not statistically significant, its consistency with the WHI finding is strik-
ing.
60. International Agency for Cancer Research. "Globocan" (accessed 18 October 2002), http:
//www-dep.iardglobocan.hunl. "
61. Kinzler KW, and Vogelstein B. "Lessons from Heredity. Colorectal Cancer." Cell 87 (1996):
159-170.
62. Ferlay J, Bray F, Pisani P, et al. GLOBOCAN 2000: Cancer Incidence, mortality and prevalence
worldwide, Version 1.0. Lyon, France: IARCPress, 2001.
63. Limited version of Ferlay et al. document available at http://www.dep.iarc.fr/globocan!
globocan.htm, last updated on 03/02/2001.
64. Expert Panel. Food, nutrition and the prevention of cancer, a global perspective. Washington,
DC: American Institute for Cancer ResearchIWorid Cancer Research Fund, 1997.
65. Armstrong D, and Doll R. "Environmental factors and cancer incidence and mortality in
different countries, with special reference to dietary practices. " Int.]. Cancer 15 (1975):
617-631.
66. Burkitt DP. "Epidemiology of cancer of the colon and the rectum." Cancer 28 (1971): 3-13.
67. Jansen MCJF, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Buzina R, et al. "Dietary fiber and plant foods in rela-
tion to colorectal cancer mortality: The Seven Countries Study." Int . ]. Cancer 81 (1999):
174-179.
68. Whiteley La, and Klurfeld DM. "Are dietary fiber-induced alterations in colonic epithelial
cell proliferation predictive of fiber's effect on colon cancer? " Nutr. Cancer 36 (2000) : 131-
149.
69. Most of these associations were not statistically Significant, but the consistency of the inverse
association between fiber and colorectal cancer was impressive.
70. Campbell TC, Wang G, Chen J, et al. "Dietary fiber intake and colon cancer mortality in
The People's Republic of China. " In: D. Kritchevsky, C. Bonfield and]. W Anderson (eds.),
Dietary Fiber, pp. 473-480. New York, NY: Plenum Publishing Corporation, 1990.
71. Trock B, Lanza E, and Greenwald P. "Dietary fiber, vegetables, and colon cancer: critical
review and meta-analysis of the epidemiologic evidence. " ]. Nat. Cancer Inst. 82 (1990):
650-661.
72. Howe GR, Benito E, Castelleto R, et al. "Dietary intake of fiber and decreased risk of cancers
of the colon and rectum: evidence from the combined analysis of 13 case-control studies." ].
Nat. Cancer Inst. 84 (1992): 1887-1896.
73. Bingham SA, Day NE , Luben R, et al. "Dietary fibre in food and protection against colorectal
cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC): an ob-
servational study." Lancet 361 (2003): 1496-1501.
74. O'Keefe SJD, Ndaba N, and Woodward A. "Relationship between nutritional status, dietary
intake patterns and plasma lipoprotein concentrations in rural black South Africans." Hum.
Nutr. Clin. Nutr. 39 (1985): 335-341.
75. Sitas E "Histologically diagnosed cancers in South Africa, 1988." 5. African Med.]. 84 (1994):
344-348.
76. O'Keefe S]D, Kidd M, Espitalier-Noel G, et al. "Rarity of colon cancer in Africans is associ-
ated with low animal product consumption, not fiber." Am.]. Gastroenterology 94 (1999) :
1373-1380.
77. McKeown-Eyssen G. "Epidemiology of colorectal cancer revisited: are serum triglycerides
THE (HINA STUDY
386
and/or plasma glucose associated with risk? " Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 3 (1994) :
687-695.
78. Giovannucci E. "Insulin and colon cancer." Cancer Causes and Control 6 (1995): 164-179.
79. Bruce WR, Giacca A, and Medline A. "Possible mechanisms relating diet and risk of colon
cancer." Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 9 (2000): I271-I279.
80. Kono 5, Honjo 5, Todoroki 1, et al. "Glucose intolerance and adenomas of the sigmoid colon
in japanese men Oapan). " Cancer Causes and Control 9 (1998): 441-446.
81. Schoen RE, Tangen CM, Kuller LH, et al. "Increased blood glucose and insulin, body size,
and incident colorectal cancer."]' Nat. Cancer Inst. 91 (1999): 1147-1154.
82. Bruce WR, Wolever TMS, and Giacca A. "Mechanisms linking diet and colorectal cancer: the
possible role of insulin resistance." Nutr. Cancer 37 (2000): 19-26.
83. Lipkin M, and Newmark H. "Development of clinical chemoprevention trials."]' Nat. Cancer
Inst. 87 (1995): I275-1277.
84. Holt PR, Atillasoy EO, Gilman j, et al. "Modulation of abnormal colonic epithelial cell pro-
liferation and differentiation by low-fat dairy foods. A randomized trial." JAMA 280 (1998):
1074-1079.
85. Mobarhan S. "Calcium and the colon: recent findings. " Nutr. Revs. 57 (1999): I24-I26.
86. Alberts DS, Ritenbuagh C, Story jA, et al. "Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled
study of effect of wheat bran fiber and calcium on fecal bile acids in patients with resected
adenomatous colon polyps." ]. Nat. Cancer Inst. 88 (1996): 81-92.
87. Chenj, Campbell TC, Lij, et al. Diet, life-style and mortality in China. A study of the character-
istics of 65 Chinese counties. Oxford, UK; Ithaca, NY; Beijing, PRC: Oxford University Press;
Cornell University Press; People's Medical Publishing House, 1990.
88. jassjR. "Colon cancer: the shape of things to come." Gut 45 (1999): 794-795.
89. Burt RW "Colon cancer screening." Gastroenterology 119 (2000) : 837-853.
90. Winawer Sj, Zauber AG, Ho MN, et al. "Prevention of colorectal cancer by colonoscopic
polypectomy." New Engl.]. Med. 329 (1993): 1977-1981.
91. Pignone M, Rich M, Teutsch SM, et al. "Screening for colorectal cancer in adults at average
risk: a summary of the evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force." Ann. Internal
Med. 137 (2002): 132-141.
92. Scott Rj , and Sobol HH. "Prognostic implications of cancer susceptibility genes: Any news?"
Recent Results in Cancer Research 151 (1999) : 71-84.
93. Lee ML, Wang R-T, Hsing AW, et al. "Case-control study of diet and prostate cancer in
China." Cancer Causes and Control 9 (1998): 545-552.
94. Villers A, Soulie M, Haillot 0, et al. "Prostate cancer screening (llI): risk factors, natural his-
tory, course without treatment." Progr. Urol. 7 (1997): 655-661.
95. Stanford jL. "Prostate cancer trends 1973-1995." Bethesda, MD: SEER Program, National
Cancer Institute, 1998.
96. ChanjM, and Giovannucci EL. "Dairy products, calcium, and vitamin D and risk of prostate
cancer." Epidemiol. Revs. 23 (2001): 87-92.
97. Giovannucci E. "Dietary influences of 1,25 (OH), vitamin D in relation to prostate cancer: a
hypothesis." Cancer Causes and Control 9 (1998): 567-582.
98. Chan jM, Stampfer Mj, Ma J, et al. "Insulin-like growth factor-I OGF-I) and IGF binding
protein-3 as predictors of advanced-stage prostate cancer." ] Nat! Cancer Ins! 94 (2002):
1099-1109.
99. Doi SQ, Rasaiah 5, Tack I, et al. "Low-protein diet suppresses serum insulin-like growth fac-
t o r - I and decelerates the progresseion of growth hormone-induced glomerulosclerosis." Am.
]. Nephrol. 21 (2001): 331-339.
100. Heaney RP, McCarron DA, Dawson-Hughes B, et al. "Dietary changes favorably affect bond
remodeling in older adults. " J. Am. Diet. Assoc. 99 (1999): 1228-1233.
387
REFERENCES
101. Allen NE, Appleby PN, Davey GK, et al. "Hormones and diet: low insulin-like growth factor-l
but normal bioavailable androgens in vegan men." Brit.]. Cancer 83 (2000): 95-97.
102. Cohen P, Peehl DM, and Rosenfeld RG. "The IGFaxis in the prostate." Honn . Metab. res. 26
(1994): 81-84.
Chapter 9
1. Mackay IR. "Tolerance and immunity." Brit. Med.}oum. 321 (2000): 93-96.
2. jacobson Dl, Gange Sj, Rose NR, et al. "Short analytical review. Epidemiology and estimated
population burden of selected autoimmune diseases in the United States." Clin. Immunol. Im-
munopath . 84 (1997): 223-243.
3. Davidson A, and Diamond B. "Autoimmune diseases." New Eng!.]. Med. 345 (2001) : 340-
350 .
4. Aranda R, Sydora BC, McAllister Pl, et al. "Analysis of intestinal lymphocytes in mouse
colitis mediated by transfer of CD4+, CD45RBhigh T cells to SCIO recipients." ]. Immunol. 158
(1997) : 3464-3473.
5. Folgar S, Gatto EM, Raina G, et al. "Parkinsonism as a manifestation of multiple sclerosis."
Movement Disorders 18 (2003): 108-113.
6. Cantoma MT. "Vitamin D and autoimmunity: is vitamin D status an environmental factor
affecting autoimmune disease prevalence?" Proc. Soc. Exp. BioI. Med. 223 (2000): 230-233.
7. Deluca HF, and Cantoma MT. "Vitamin D: its role and uses in immunology." FASEB]. 15
(2001): 2579-2585.
8. Winer S, Astsaturov I, Cheung RK, et al. "T cells of multiple sclerosis patients target a
common environmental peptide that causes encephalitis in mice. " ]. Immunol. 166 (2001):
4751-4756.
9. Davenport CB. "Multiple sclerosis from the standpoint of geographic distribution and race."
Arch. Neurol . Pschiatry 8 (1922): 51-58.
10. Alter M, Yamoor M, and Harshe M. "Multiple sclerosis and nutrition." Arch. Neurol. 31
(1974): 267-272.
11. Carroll M. "Innate immunity in the etiopathology of autoimmunity." Nature Immunol. 2
(2001): 1089-1090.
12. KaIjalainen j, Martin jM, Knip M, et al. "A bovine albumin peptide as a possible trigger of
insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus." New Engl.}ourn. Med. 327 (1992): 302-307.
13. Akerblom HK, and Knip M. "Putative environmental factors and Type 1 diabetes." Diabetesl
Metabolism Revs. 14 (1998) : 31-67.
14. Naik RG, and Palmer jP. "Preservation of beta-cell function in Type 1 diabetes." Diabetes Rev.
7 (1999) : 154-182.
15. Virtanen SM, Rasanen l , Aro A, et al. "Infant feeding in Finnish children less than 7 yr of age
with newly diagnosed IODM. Childhood diabetes in Finland Study Group." Diabetes Care 14
(1991): 415-417.
16. Savilahti E, Akerblom HK, Tainio V-M, et al. "Children with newly diagnosed insulin depen-
d e n t diabetes mellitus have increased levels of cow's milk antibodies." Diabetes Res. 7 (1988):
137-140.
17. Yakota A, Yamaguchi T, Ueda T, et al. "Comparison of islet cell antibodies, islet cell surfact
antibodies and anti-bovine serum albumin antibodies in Type 1 diabetes." Diabetes Res. Clin.
Pract. 9 (1990): 211-217.
18. Hammond-McKibben D, and Dosch H-M. "Cow's milk, bovine serum albumin, and IODM:
can we settle the controversies?" Diabetes Care 20 (1997) : 897-901.
19. Akerblom HK, Vaarala 0, Hyoty H, et al. "Environmental factors in the etiology of Type 1
diabetes." Am. ]. Med. Genet. (Semin. Med. Genet.) 115 (2002): 18-29.
20. Gottlieb MS, and Root HF. "Diabetes mellitus in twins." Diabetes 17 (1968) : 693-704.

Other books

Spoken from the Heart by Laura Bush
The Affair by Lee Child
The Woman With the Bouquet by Eric-Emmanuel Schmitt
The Harlot Countess by Joanna Shupe
Rendezvous by Lane, Arie
Velvet Shadows by Andre Norton
Caged by Amber Lynn Natusch
Luna Grey by Emily Fox
La cicatriz by China MiƩville