The Coldest Winter: America and the Korean War (104 page)

weaker than the Chinese Nationalist
: Ibid.

“goals defined by Mao tended to go beyond”
: Ibid.

“had thrown their rifles and pistols away”
: Ridgway, Matthew B.,
The Korean War,
pp. 93–94.

CHAPTER
39

“most of us hated them”
: author interview with John Carley.

more bravado than he felt
: Spurr, Russell,
Enter the Dragon,
p. 285.

everyone hit the ground
: Paul Freeman oral history, U.S. Army War College Library; Hamburger, Kenneth,
Leadership in the Crucible,
pp. 92–93.

“and a basin of water”
: Paul Freeman oral history, U.S. Army War College Library.

CHAPTER
40

five hundred meters each surrounded it
: Hamburger, Kenneth,
Leadership in the Crucible,
p. 98.

and been lucky as well
: author interview with Maurice Fenderson.

of little value for much of the morning
: Hamburger, Kenneth,
Leadership in the Crucible,
pp. 99–100.

“This is our only chance”
: Ibid., p. 100; Appleman, Roy,
Ridgway Duels for Korea,
pp. 202–203; Gugeler, Russell,
Combat Operations in Korea,
pp. 85–87; author interviews with survivors, including Laron Wilson and Richard Fockler.

made him feel he had a lot
: author interview with Laron Wilson.

an American captain in a jeep spotted him
: author interview with Richard Fockler.

it was Private William Stratton
: Gugeler, Russell,
Combat Operations in Korea,
pp. 87–90.

for the fourth time and died
: author interview with Laron Wilson; Gugeler, Russell,
Combat Operations in Korea,
pp. 80–90.

“will be with you shortly”
: Hamburger, Kenneth,
Leadership in the Crucible,
p. 103.

“
small-unit actions in the Korean”
: Freeman, Paul,
Wonju to Chipyongni,
U.S. Army War College Library.

CHAPTER
41

“to demonstrate his superiority”
: Coleman, J. D.,
Wonju,
p. 91.

was not trusted by his superior
: Ibid., p. 58.

“who often commanded by instilling fear”
: Hamburger, Kenneth,
Leadership in the Crucible,
pp. 89–90.

“murder my regiment”
: Stewart, George, private memoir.

the wisdom of the ages
: Knox, Donald,
The Korean War, Vol. II,
p. 25.

“enemy is close enough to kill”
: Martin, Harold,
Saturday Evening Post,
May 19, 1951.

then returned to Freeman’s headquarters
: Stewart, George, private memoir.

pointless rounds into the air
: author interview with Kenneth Hamburger, who had interviewed George Stewart at length.

Then, still in a rage, he drove off in his jeep
: author interview with Sherman Pratt; Pratt, Sherman,
Decisive Battles of the Korean War,
p. 154.

“at the tunnels is doubtful”
: Hamburger, Kenneth,
Leadership in the Crucible,
p. 111.

and soon the French fires
: Paul Freeman oral history, U.S. Army War College Library.

“Let’s kill as many Chinese”
: Stewart, George, private memoir.

“bit the stems off three pipes”
: Ibid.

“Like a Hollywood battle”
: Freeman, Paul,
Wonju to Chipyongni,
U.S. Army War College Library.

CHAPTER
42

as they preferred to do
: author interview with Sherman Pratt.

“By order of Scotch”
: Hamburger, Kenneth,
Leadership in the Crucible,
p. 154.

“we are going to stay and fight it out”
: Ibid., p. 176.

“relay answer to me as soon as possible”
: Appleman, Roy,
Ridgway Duels for Korea,
p. 258.

“we can fight well where we are now”
: author interview with Sherman Pratt.

CHAPTER
43

“evoking memories of Almond’s operations”
: Blair, Clay,
The Forgotten War,
p. 685.

separate black units
: Coleman, J. D.,
Wonju,
pp. 93–94.

Walker relieved of his company command
: Ibid., p. 94.

like a betrayal by a member of his family
: author interview with Bill McCaffrey.

“His racism tainted”
: author interview with J. D. Coleman.

to absorb the heaviest punishment
: Paik, Sun Yup,
From Pusan to Panmunjon,
pp. 125–26.

“and drawn them up himself
”: Coleman, J. D.,
Wonju,
p. 95.

who was only a captain would know so much
: Ibid., pp. 103–104.

“had created a gauntlet”
: Blair, Clay,
The Forgotten War,
p. 689.

“NICE GOING HARRY”:
Ibid., p. 740.

“you have to risk the lives of your men”
: author interview with Kenneth Hamburger.

“BUT THE DECISION IS YOURS”
: Stewart, George, private memoir.

“until the gun barrels melt”
: Ibid.

CHAPTER
44

the most vulnerable part of Paul Freeman’s regimental defense
: author interview with Paul McGee.

“you should have stayed back home”
: Ibid.

they were going to pull Freeman
: author interview with Dr. Robert Hall.

“stay out of my way”
: Paul Freeman oral history, U.S. Army War College Library.

CHAPTER
45

“and I know you’ll do it”
: Blumenson, Martin,
Army Magazine,
August 2002; author interview with Martin Blumenson.

“in any event, reach us”
: Hamburger, Kenneth,
Leadership in the Crucible,
p. 205.

“trains or no trains”
: Blair, Clay,
The Forgotten War,
p. 700.

hell for leather to Chipyongni
: author interview with Martin Blumenson.

were not lined up properly
: author interview with Tom Mellen.

“the last strong company gone to hell”
: Hamburger, Kenneth,
Leadership in the Crucible
, p. 200.

“I refuse the order too!”
: Ibid., pp. 200–201.

when it was all over
: Blair, Clay,
The Forgotten War,
p. 707.

the state of the other men
: Hamburger, Kenneth,
Leadership in the Crucible,
pp. 206–207, 213–214.

CHAPTER
46

to try to save Inmon’s life
: author interviews with Cletis Inmon and Paul McGee.

give him a shot to sedate him
: author interview with Dr. Robert Hall.

doing a giant jigsaw puzzle
: Knox, Donald,
The Korean War, Vol. II,
p. 73.

“I will court-martial him”
: Hamburger, Kenneth,
Leadership in the Crucible,
p. 215.

CHAPTER
47

“starting with the victories up along the”
: author interview with Chen Jian.

“can’t wait for him to wake up”
: Ibid.

CHAPTER
48

“it is a free Asia”
: Blair, Clay,
The Forgotten War,
p. 659.

would use it as an excuse for an intervention
: Truman, Harry S.,
Memoirs, Vol. II,
p. 420.

the Russians would send in by train
: Ibid., p. 416.

“did not consider it beyond his own powers”
: Hastings, Max,
The Korean War,
pp. 192–193.

“
igniting World War III, and a nuclear”
: Bradley, Omar with Blair, Clay,
A General’s Life,
p. 616.

plan a major offensive
: Weintraub, Sidney,
MacArthur’s War,
p. 305.

“but had almost forgotten”
: Ibid., p. 616.

“the contingency of ‘success
’”: Manchester, William,
American Caesar,
p. 625.

“in Manchuria are contained by”
: Paul Freeman oral history, U.S. Army War College Library.

had nothing to lose by ignoring
: Weintraub, Sidney,
MacArthur’s War,
p. 307.

“the most gross indifference”
: Blair, Clay,
The Forgotten War,
pp. 767–768.

“combined disbelief with controlled fury”
: Acheson, Dean,
Present at the Creation,
p. 519

“I wanted to kick him into the North China Sea”
: Truman, Margaret,
Harry S. Truman,
p. 513.

CHAPTER
49

“This is outright
treachery
”
: Goulden, Joseph,
Korea,
pp. 477–478.

“but it does not get me anywhere”
: Truman, Harry S.,
Memoirs, Vol. II,
pp. 446–447.

Lincoln as “the original gorilla”
: Goodwin, Doris Kearns,
Team of Rivals,
p. 383.

“and my decision alone”
: author interview with George Elsey; George Elsey interview, Harry S. Truman Library.

“We’ll let them think so”
: Donovan, Robert,
Tumultuous Years,
p. 355.

“the Emperor of the Far East”
: Truman interviews, Harry S. Truman Library.

That was absurd, Almond insisted
: Blair, Clay,
The Forgotten War,
p. 788.

“His soldierly qualities were never”
: Goldman, Eric,
The Crucial Decade
, pp. 201–202.

CHAPTER
50

“almost a professional little man”
: Swanberg, W. A.,
Luce and His Empire,
p. 312.

“to be a fit commander in such a war”
: Hastings, Max,
The Korean War,
p. 207.

“nothing to match it since the Civil”
: Rovere, Richard and Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr.,
The General and the President,
p. 5.

“the adoring crowd that thronged”
: Caro, Robert,
Master of the Senate,
pp. 369–370.

“Would you like me to get out”
: Halberstam, David,
The Fifties,
p. 114.

“into the persona of a great General”
: Goulden, Joseph,
Korea,
p. 507.

“a damn bunch of bullshit”
: Halberstam, David,
The Fifties,
p. 115.

“Thank God that’s over”
: Acheson, Dean,
Present at the Creation,
p. 524.

for one last try
: Goulden, Joseph,
Korea,
p. 498.