The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (1686 page)
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New (Jerusalem) Church:
Newman, John Henry
(1801–90)
. Christian theologian and leader of the
Oxford Movement
, also a writer, poet, and historian, whose genius lay in the combination of these talents.
In the early 1840s he withdrew from leadership of the Oxford Movement and, in 1845, converted to Roman Catholicism. For Newman, Rome offered that assurance Anglicanism seemed to lack and for which he longed. In 1848 he founded the Birmingham
Oratory
. He spent the rest of his life there, save for a period in Dublin, between 1854 to 1858, to which he went as rector of the new Catholic university. He also helped to found the London Oratory, and was made a
cardinal
in 1879.
His published works are substantial. They include his autobiography,
Apologia pro vita sua
, published in 1864 in response to an attack from Charles Kingsley; a treatise on education
The Idea of a University
(1852); numerous theological texts, including
An Essay on Development of Christian Doctrine
(1845);
An Essay in Aid of a Grammar of Assent
(1870); the novel
Loss and Gain
, and
The Dream of Gerontius
(1865).
. Christian theologian and leader of the
Oxford Movement
, also a writer, poet, and historian, whose genius lay in the combination of these talents.
In the early 1840s he withdrew from leadership of the Oxford Movement and, in 1845, converted to Roman Catholicism. For Newman, Rome offered that assurance Anglicanism seemed to lack and for which he longed. In 1848 he founded the Birmingham
Oratory
. He spent the rest of his life there, save for a period in Dublin, between 1854 to 1858, to which he went as rector of the new Catholic university. He also helped to found the London Oratory, and was made a
cardinal
in 1879.
His published works are substantial. They include his autobiography,
Apologia pro vita sua
, published in 1864 in response to an attack from Charles Kingsley; a treatise on education
The Idea of a University
(1852); numerous theological texts, including
An Essay on Development of Christian Doctrine
(1845);
An Essay in Aid of a Grammar of Assent
(1870); the novel
Loss and Gain
, and
The Dream of Gerontius
(1865).
New Moon
:
:
New quest for the historical Jesus
:
:
New religions in Japan
(Jap.,
shink
sh
ky
). While
new religious movements
are a common and recurrent phenomenon, the strength and importance of new religions in Japan is such that it makes them distinct. They are made up of movements which have emerged during the last two cents., and which may have connections with Buddhism, Shinto, or Christianity, or may be entirely independent. They are ‘new’ in relation to shrine Shinto and temple Buddhism, both of which carried with them the control of vital rituals.
Early examples of new religions in the 19th cent. are Nyoraiky
(cf.
nyorai
), Kurozumiky
(see
KUROZ
M
MUNETADA
),
Tenriky
,
Konk
ky
, and
motoky
. All of these emphasized the importance of lay members (over against the exclusive role of the priests in traditional religions), and made healing available outside the traditional rituals. In the 20th cent., important examples are
Reiy
kai
,
S
ka Gakkai
shink
shky). Whilenew religious movements
are a common and recurrent phenomenon, the strength and importance of new religions in Japan is such that it makes them distinct. They are made up of movements which have emerged during the last two cents., and which may have connections with Buddhism, Shinto, or Christianity, or may be entirely independent. They are ‘new’ in relation to shrine Shinto and temple Buddhism, both of which carried with them the control of vital rituals.
Early examples of new religions in the 19th cent. are Nyoraiky
(cf.nyorai
), Kurozumiky
(seeKUROZ
MMUNETADA),
Tenriky
,Konk
ky, andmotoky. All of these emphasized the importance of lay members (over against the exclusive role of the priests in traditional religions), and made healing available outside the traditional rituals. In the 20th cent., important examples areReiy
kai,
S
ka GakkaiOther books
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