The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (1756 page)
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Authors: John Bowker
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Ösal
(Clear Light):
(Clear Light):
Ostrich eggs
.
.
Often found in E. Christian churches where they are regarded as a symbol of the
resurrection
, as a breaking open of the tomb.
resurrection
, as a breaking open of the tomb.
Otto, Rudolf
(1869–1937).
Philosophical theologian and professor of systematic theology at the University of Marburg, 1917–29. He is most renowned for
Das Heilige
(1917, The Idea of the Holy), a Kantian analysis of the non-rational core of religion—the
numinous
experience—and its relation to the rational.
Philosophical theologian and professor of systematic theology at the University of Marburg, 1917–29. He is most renowned for
Das Heilige
(1917, The Idea of the Holy), a Kantian analysis of the non-rational core of religion—the
numinous
experience—and its relation to the rational.
Ottoman empire
(13th cent. CE–1924 (AH 7th cent.–1342)). Extensive Muslim empire, whose disintegration has contributed greatly to the complexities of Middle East politics, not least through the demise of the office of caliph (
khal
fa
). ‘Uthman (also spelt Othman, hence the name) founded a principality in Asia Minor which, in 758, began to expand into Macedonia, Serbia, and Bulgaria (where Muslim populations remain strong). By 1453 (AH 857) they were strong enough to take
Constantinople
. In 1517 (AH 923) Selim I (Yavuz, ‘the Grim’) conquered Egypt, claiming that the last
‘Abb
sid
caliph, al-Mutawakkil III, had relinquished the caliphate to his family. The first signs of decline came in 1571 (AH 979) at the battle of Lepanto, when the Ottomans lost control of the W. Mediterranean. The 19th-cent. attempts at revival by the assimilation of W. ideas and technology in fact hastened the move to a secular state, established under Mustafa Kemal, Atatürk (‘father of the Turks’): the sultanate was abolished in 1922, the caliphate in 1924.
khal
fa). ‘Uthman (also spelt Othman, hence the name) founded a principality in Asia Minor which, in 758, began to expand into Macedonia, Serbia, and Bulgaria (where Muslim populations remain strong). By 1453 (AH 857) they were strong enough to take
Constantinople
. In 1517 (AH 923) Selim I (Yavuz, ‘the Grim’) conquered Egypt, claiming that the last
‘Abb
sidcaliph, al-Mutawakkil III, had relinquished the caliphate to his family. The first signs of decline came in 1571 (AH 979) at the battle of Lepanto, when the Ottomans lost control of the W. Mediterranean. The 19th-cent. attempts at revival by the assimilation of W. ideas and technology in fact hastened the move to a secular state, established under Mustafa Kemal, Atatürk (‘father of the Turks’): the sultanate was abolished in 1922, the caliphate in 1924.
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