The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (2350 page)

BOOK: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions
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Suárez, Francisco de
(1548–1617)
. Christian theologian and philosopher. He was born in Granada, in Spain, and became a
Jesuit
in 1564. He was ordained in 1572, and, apart from five years in Rome, spent his life teaching in Spanish universities. In philosophical theology, he developed a position (especially in
Disputationes Metaphysicae
, 1597, Disputed Issues in Metaphysics), which is sometimes called after him ‘Suarism’ or ‘Suarezianism’. He maintained, with the Jesuits against the
Dominicans
, that God does not create the acts of individuals, but rather gives them the special graces (
gratia congrua
, from which this position is known as ‘congruism’) which, by his foreknowledge, he knows they will need. He was called by Paul V ‘doctor eximius et pius’.
Subbas
(Mandeans):
Subdeacon
.
An
order
of Christian minister below
deacon
. It was originally a minor order, and remains so in Eastern churches; in the Roman Catholic Church it became a major order in the 13th cent., but was suppressed altogether in 1972.
Sub
a
(prayer beads in Islam):
see
ROSARY
.
Sublapsarians
(relation of election to fall):
Subordinationism
.
View in Christianity of the Triune Godhead which regards either the Son as subordinate to the Father, or the
Holy Spirit
as subordinate to both, in contrast to the co-equality of all three Persons. It was condemned at the Council of
Constantinople
in 381.

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