The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (2470 page)

BOOK: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions
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a m
-muni (15th cent.) the obvious social, institutional, and cultural implications of all this were actualized and given a further economic and political dimension. Central in this was the question of control over temples (and their endowments).
The characteristic signs are a U containing a single vertical line for the Va
aka
ai (central line usually yellow) and the same supported on a stem for the Tenka
ai (central line red).
Ten lost tribes
.
The Jewish tribes who disappeared from history after the Assyrian conquest of 722 BCE. The
rabbis
believed they were in
exile
beyond the river
Sambatyon
. Various identifications have been made. The
Falashas
were said to be a lost tribe, as have been the British (i.e. the British Israelites), the Japanese, the Afghans, and certain Red Indian tribes.
Ten martyrs
.
Ten Jewish
sages
martyred by the Romans. The first list of ten martyrs appears in the
midrash
Lamentations Rabbah
, and the legend was circulated particularly in mystical circles.
Ten Ox-Herding pictures
(depiction of stages of Zen progress):

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