The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (2511 page)
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Authors: John Bowker
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Tokugawa period
.
.
The period in Japan between 1600 and 1868 when power was held by the Tokugawa clan. Because of a strong emphasis on the worth of the traditions and past glories of Japan, it led to a revived interest in
Shinto
, and laid the foundations for
Kokugaku
(the School of National Learning).
Shinto
, and laid the foundations for
Kokugaku
(the School of National Learning).
Tokumitsuky
(Zen Buddhist movement):
(Zen Buddhist movement):Tokusan Senkan
(Ch’an/Zen master):
(Ch’an/Zen master):
Toledot Yeshu
(Heb., ‘The Life of Jesus’). A Jewish life of Jesus.
Toledot Yeshu
was compiled, from more ancient sources, in the 10th cent. It claims that Jesus' mother was raped. Jesus himself had supernatural powers, but his magic was exorcised by the
sages
. Some of his
miracles
, such as the resurrection, are given a natural explanation. Several versions of the work have been preserved.
Toledot Yeshu
was compiled, from more ancient sources, in the 10th cent. It claims that Jesus' mother was raped. Jesus himself had supernatural powers, but his magic was exorcised by the
sages
. Some of his
miracles
, such as the resurrection, are given a natural explanation. Several versions of the work have been preserved.
Tolstoy, Leo
(1828–1910).
Russian novelist and advocate of reform. He spent a period in the army and a further period travelling in Europe, studying educational and social reform. On his return in 1862 he married and wrote his greatest novels,
War and Peace
and
Anna Karenina
. The rest of his vast literary output was on moral and religious subjects, directly through essays, and indirectly through short stories and his novel,
Resurrection
. He became increasingly critical of the formalism of the
Orthodox
Church. He was eventually excommunicated.' He made huge demands of God in pursuit of an anguished humility, which made Gorky observe that the relationship of Tolstoy with God reminded him of ‘two bears in one den’. He preached a gospel of love and moral goodness, and dispensed with dogma and ritual, though occasionally (e.g. in
The Death of Ivan Ilych
) he suggests that humans discern truth in an act of absolute renunciation, even of their achievement through good works.
Russian novelist and advocate of reform. He spent a period in the army and a further period travelling in Europe, studying educational and social reform. On his return in 1862 he married and wrote his greatest novels,
War and Peace
and
Anna Karenina
. The rest of his vast literary output was on moral and religious subjects, directly through essays, and indirectly through short stories and his novel,
Resurrection
. He became increasingly critical of the formalism of the
Orthodox
Church. He was eventually excommunicated.' He made huge demands of God in pursuit of an anguished humility, which made Gorky observe that the relationship of Tolstoy with God reminded him of ‘two bears in one den’. He preached a gospel of love and moral goodness, and dispensed with dogma and ritual, though occasionally (e.g. in
The Death of Ivan Ilych
) he suggests that humans discern truth in an act of absolute renunciation, even of their achievement through good works.
Tomitsu
.
(esoteric Buddhism):
.
(esoteric Buddhism):
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