The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions (315 page)

BOOK: The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions
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Azi Dahaka
(the Lie)
:
Azymites
.
A name given to the
Roman Catholic Church
by the
Orthodox
at the time of the
schism
of 1054. It refers to the Latin use of unleavened bread
(Gk.,
ta azyma
) in the
eucharist
, which was a special object of attack from the Eastern side, since it was held to invalidate the eucharist.
B

 

Ba‘al
(Phoen., Ugaritic, etc., ‘Lord’). The weather god of the western Semites. Many of Ba‘al's attributes were ascribed to the Israelite God, and certain aspects of Ba‘al liturgy were taken over and adapted to the praise of the God of Israel.
Ba‘al ha-Tanya
(founder of Jewish movement)
:
Ba‘al ha-Turim
(Jewish halakhic authority)
:
Ba‘al Shem
(Heb., ‘master of the divine name’). Title given in
asidic
and
'kabbalistic
literature to those who possess secret knowledge of God's name. See also
ISRAEL BEN ELIEZER
, who, as a founder of
asidism, assumed the title Ba‘al Shem Tov.

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