Read The Conquering Tide Online
Authors: Ian W. Toll
Snowden, Ernest, 479
Soliloquy
(Hirohito), 536
Solomons archipelago, 11,
13
,
27
, 419, 514
air reconnaissance of, 62, 76
British protectorate of, xviiiâxx, xxiii
daily life in, 190â92
disease and dangerous conditions in, xx
exotic beauty of, 191
geology of, xviiâxviii
headhunting and cannibalism in, xviii
illegal slave trade in, xviii
Japanese buildup in, 62
Japanese counteroffensive in, 147â48
Japanese I-Go aerial counteroffensive in, 202â3
Japanese pullback in, 182
Japanese underestimation of U.S. troops in, 68
KA-Go offensive in, 68â69, 75â83
Melanesian inhabitants of, xviii
white exodus from, xxiii, xxv
Solomons offensive, 14, 16â17, 190â91, 223â24, 313, 346
air war in, 222â23, 224â25, 242, 419â21
ammunition shortages and, 12
Bougainville landings in, 236, 340
CARTWHEEL
in,
see
CARTWHEEL
, Operation
chain of command in, 220
Espiritu Santo as base for, 14â15, 129, 142
fuel problems and, 12
Guadalcanal and Tulagi landings in,
see
Guadalcanal campaign
Japanese aircraft losses in, 242
New Georgia campaign in,
see
New Georgia campaign
political importance of, 158
submarine warfare in,
see
submarine warfare
Task Force 17 in, 107
Task Force 18 in, 107â8
Task Force 61 in, 107â8, 111â12
Torpedo Junction in, 108, 109â11
U.S. aircraft strength in, 127
Sommers, Sam, 482, 495
Sorong, 454
Soryu
, 9
South China Sea, 255
Japanese advances in, 11â12
South Dakota
, USS, 56, 81, 146, 151, 154, 160, 478, 480, 495
in Naval Battle of Guadalcanal, 168â69, 170â72
Southeast Asia, Japanese conquests in, 114, 119
Southerland, James J., 31â32
in dogfight with Sakai, 32â33
Southern Amphibious Group, 333
Southern Attack Force, 395, 511
Southern Attack Group, 338
South Pacific,
13
Allied counteroffensive in,
see
Solomons offensive
South Pacific Combat Air Transport Command (SCAT), 190
South Solomon Trench, xviii
Soviet Union:
Allied convoys to, 95
Nazi Germany and, 11, 94, 96, 308â9, 530
Special Naval Landing Forces, Japanese, 29, 345, 459
Sperry
, USS, 265
Spruance, Raymond Ames, 123, 198, 336, 361, 362, 367, 385, 386, 390, 398, 405, 433, 436, 458, 461â62, 463, 469, 471â72, 473, 474, 475â77, 478, 480, 488, 493â94, 497â98, 500, 511, 513, 515, 516, 530
appointed Fifth Fleet commander, 315, 325
carrier operations and, 341â42
central Pacific offensive overseen by, 315â16
command philosophy of, 316
as compulsive walker, 316, 336â37
GALVANIC
and, 325
Gilbert Islands invasion proposed by, 314
Kwajalein landing opposed by, 384
Nimitz and, 315
as Nimitz's chief of staff, 297, 298â300
Tarawa campaign and, 339
Towers's conflict with, 325
and Truk raid, 410â11, 413
“Spruance haircut,” 397
Stalin, Joseph, 95
Stalingrad, Battle of, 94, 443
Stark, Harold “Betty,” 143
Stassen, Harold, 198
Stearns, Chester M., 110
Stebbins, Edgar E., 377, 378
Sterett
, USS, 162, 163
Sterling, Forest, 260â61, 263, 266, 267, 269, 270, 273
Stevenson, Robert Louis, 319
Stimson, Henry L., 5, 91, 96, 434, 439
English Channel invasion as priority of, 308
Stingray
, USS, 475
Strategic Bombing Survey, U.S., 67
Stump, Felix B., 328, 329, 371
submarines, U.S.,
Gato
-class, 250, 252, 259
see also Wahoo
, USS
submarine warfare, 63, 233, 416
bad torpedoes in, 255
blockade of Japanese home islands in, 284
in central Pacific offensive, 368â69, 402, 413
crew cohesiveness in, 250â52, 256â57
“friendly” attacks in, 253
increased U.S. success in, 452â53
interwar doctrine of, 252, 254â55, 262, 277
Japanese inattention to antisubmarine warfare in, 259, 282â83
King on, 253
merchant shipping attacks in, 253â54
more aggressive tactics demanded in, 255, 262, 283
mounting Japanese shipping losses from, 283â85
Nimitz and, 255, 257
prospective commanding officers (PCOs) in, 260
shore leave and, 259
sinking of Japanese oil tankers in, 285
“skipper problem” in, 255, 256, 277
sonar improvements in, 284
surface-search radar in, 283, 284
in Torpedo Junction, 109â11
U.S. disappointments in, 277â78
U.S. dominance in, 417
U.S. losses in, 285â86
see also specific submarines
Sugiyama, Hajime, 417, 422â23
Sulu Archipelago, 405, 449
Sulu Sea, 447
Sumatra, oil fields of, 282, 285, 416, 448
Sutherland, Richard K., 125, 126â27, 216, 217â18, 219, 221, 439, 440
Suwannee
, USS, 327
Suzuki, Hiroshi, 448
Sydney, Australia, 211
Japanese submarine raid on, 114
Taft, Robert A., 87
Taiho
, 427, 447, 450, 471, 473, 484â85
Taiyo
, 531
Takahashi, Aiko, 443, 446, 513, 532, 535, 540, 541
Takanami
, 177
Takasaki
, 453
Takashina, Takeshi, 512
Takeyama, Michio, 542
Tales of the South Pacific
(Michener), 190â91
Tanaga Island, 227
Tanaka, Raizo, 68â69, 76, 77, 105, 133, 135, 155, 156, 167, 172, 174, 189
“drum method” resupply efforts of, 176â77, 178â79
Guadalcanal troop convoys of, 68â69, 76â77, 82, 105, 133, 135, 155â56, 167â68, 172â73, 174, 176
in KA-Go counteroffensive, 82â83
withdrawal from Guadalcanal urged by, 179
Tanambogo Island, 25, 53
Tanapag Harbor, 500, 510â11
Tanikaze
, 453
Tani, Masayuki, 180
Tapotchau, Mount, Saipan, 459, 465, 498, 500
Tarakan, 453
Tarawa, Battle of, 320, 322â23, 333â37, 338â68,
345
, 439, 440, 459, 502
aircraft carrier in, 356
air and naval support in, 335â36
banzai
attack in, 359
burial of dead from, 360
first day of, 347â53
Japanese losses in, 360, 367â68
landing craft in, 334â35
lessons of, 362â65, 367â68, 400â401
mopping up operations in, 360
operations plans for, 334â37
public response to losses in, 365â66
resupply operations in, 357, 358
second day of, 353â59
third day of, 359â60
U.S. ammunition and equipment shortages in, 354
U.S. losses in, 353â55, 360, 365â66, 367â68
U.S. naval and air bombardment in, 342, 355, 356â57, 364â65, 368
Tarawa Atoll, 319, 320, 322, 325, 389
Japanese troop strength on, 335
see also
Betio Island
Tasimboko, 105
Task Force 16, 33
Task Force 17, 107â8
Task Force 18, 107â8
Task Force 39, 236â37
Task Force 42, 264, 280
Task Force 50, 341, 368, 373
Japanese night attacks on, 371
in Kwajalein raid,
see
Kwajalein Atoll, U.S. carrier raid on
Task Force 51, 229â30, 457, 458
Task Force 58, 388â89, 398, 438, 439, 446, 457â58, 461â63, 464â65, 469, 472â78, 487, 489, 492â93, 494, 497
in Eniwetok battle, 399
in Kwajalein battle, 386â87
Mitscher appointed commander of, 383
size of, 386
in Truk raid, 403â4, 405â14,
409
, 441
Task Force 61, 33, 146
in Battle of Santa Cruz Islands, 148â54
in Battle of the Eastern Solomons, 77â78
in Guadalcanal campaign, 20, 23â24, 37, 43, 51, 57â60, 61â62
KA-Go counteroffensive against, 68â69, 75â83
in Solomons offensive, 107â8, 111â12
Task Force 62, 56
in Guadalcanal campaign, 20â21, 23â24, 43, 52â53, 60, 61, 107, 132â33
Task Force 64, 160
Task Force 67, 177
Task Force KING, 160
Task Force LOVE, 168
Task Group 50.1, 368, 369, 376
Task Group 50.2, 363, 373, 376
Task Group 50.3, 369, 399
Task Group 51.11, 399
Task Group 58.1, 463â64, 472â73
Task Group 58.2, 412
Task Group 58.3, 389â90, 477
Task Group 58.4, 399, 463, 478
Task Group 58.7, 478
Task Group 62.6:
in Battle of Savo Island, 44â51
in Guadalcanal campaign, 20, 42â43
Tassafaronga Point, Guadalcanal, 141, 156, 172, 174, 177, 185
Tavurvur volcano, 29
Tawi Tawi, Philippines, 405, 449, 453, 455, 456
Taylor
, 234
Tenaru plantation, 64
Tenaru River, 26, 28, 35, 64, 65, 71, 72, 121
Tenaru River, Battle of, 73â76, 104
Tennessee
, USS, 292, 392
Tenryu
, 41, 46
Tenshin
, 187
Teruzuku
, 179
Thach, Jimmy, 476â77
Theobald, Robert A., 226, 227
Third Amphibious Force, U.S., 231, 240, 242
Third Fleet, Japanese, 420, 421, 423, 428, 447
air strength of, 419
Third Marine Amphibious Corps, 511
3rd Marine Division, 236, 457, 512
Third Special Base Defense Force, Japanese, 345
37th Infantry Division, U.S. Army, 236
Thirty-Eighth Division, Japanese, 184
Thomas, Gerald C., 104
339th Fighter Squadron (USAAF), 205
Thresher
, USS (SS-200), 253, 281
Time
, 97, 414
Tinian Island, 307, 436, 437, 438, 452, 459, 464, 511, 513
Tobruk, British surrender of, 97
Togo, Heihachiro, 208, 415, 417, 472
Tojo, Hideki, 114, 180, 182, 418, 422, 530, 531
consolidation of power by, 422â23
fall from power of, 532â35
Hirohito and, 422â23
Tokitsukaze
, 76
Tokyo, 514
contrast of old and new in, 113
Tokyo Express, 133, 136, 155, 174
Tomlinson, W. J., 214
Tone
, 69, 76
Tonga, 11
Tonoas Island, 403
TORCH
, Operation, 97, 158, 308, 328
Torokina, 238
torpedoes, 251â52, 281
Japanese Long Lance, 42, 45, 77, 233, 235, 451
magnetic detonators for, 255, 256, 277, 279, 280
Mark 14, 281, 283
Mark 18, 284
mechanical failures of, 255â56, 277, 278â79, 280â82
Torpedo Junction, 108, 109â11
Towers, John Henry, 314, 323â24, 342, 383, 440, 477
background of, 323
GALVANIC
and, 325
Nimitz and, 435
Spruance's conflict with, 325
Toyoda, Soemu, 447, 449, 454, 455, 456, 488, 531, 533
Toyo Keizai
, 532
Transport Group XRAY, 24, 33, 49, 50
Transport Group YOKE, 24, 49, 50
Treasure Island, San Francisco, 246
Treasury Islands, 236, 238
Tregaskis, Richard, 24, 39, 49â50, 97
Trigger
, USS, 279
Trinidad, 330
Tripartite Pact, 118, 533
Trobriand Islands, 222
Truk Atoll, 69, 75, 76, 116, 120, 121, 122, 138, 181, 182, 201, 206, 224, 237, 242, 401, 418
geography of, 403
Japanese base at, 436
as Japanese fleet's major Southern anchorage, 403
Japanese troops on, 405
lack of U.S. intelligence on, 404
mediocre facilities on, 404â5
U.S. air raid on, 242
U.S. submarine patrols around, 257, 260, 277
Truk Atoll, carrier raid on, 399, 403â14,
409
, 441
dogfights in, 406, 409â10
Japanese caught off-guard in, 406â7
Japanese reporting of, 421â22
rescue of downed air crews in, 410
symbolic importance of, 413
Trumbull, Robert, 291
Truth
, 215
Tsushima Strait, Battle of, 415, 470, 472, 536
Tuananbogo Island, 36â37
Tucker, Joe, 331
Tulagi Harbor, 178, 179
Tulagi Island, xix, xxiii, 12,
13
, 19, 22, 24, 25,
27
, 42, 49, 61, 75, 77, 167, 168, 178, 179
food supplies of, 61
Japanese bombing of, xxi, xxiv, xxvi
Japanese invasion of, xxvi, 29, 66
U.S. airstrikes on, xxviâxxvii
U.S. landings on, 26, 29, 35â36
Tunny
, USS, 452
Turner, Richmond Kelly, 22, 23, 125, 195, 231, 326, 333, 334, 361, 456, 458, 460â61, 465, 470, 474, 475, 497, 500, 510, 511
in Battle of Savo Island, 43â44, 51, 53, 55, 56
combative personality of, 20â21
as commander of Fifth Fleet amphibious fleet, 317
Fletcher's withdrawal criticized by, 57â58
in
GALVANIC
chain-of-command dispute, 318â19
in Guadalcanal campaign, 26, 30â31, 38, 39â40, 49, 60, 61, 103, 107, 126â27, 132, 133â34, 146, 160
H. Smith and, 318, 339â40, 433â34
Kwajalein landing opposed by, 384
and lessons of Tarawa battle, 363
on pilot fatigue, 137
Twelfth Naval District, 246
20th Bomber Command, 438
Twentieth Air Force, 438
21st Bomber Command, 438
22nd Marine Regiment, 399
27th Infantry Division, U.S. Army, 183, 434, 457, 458, 467, 468, 498â99, 505, 510