The Denial of Death (40 page)

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Authors: Ernest Becker

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Chapter Six

  1. Freud,
    Civilization and Its Discontents
    , p. 43.
  2. LAD, p. 188.
  3. C. G. Jung,
    Memories, Dreams and Reflections
    (New York: Vintage, 1965), pp. 149-151.
  4. Ibid.
  5. Quoted in Vincent Brome,
    Freud and His Early Circle
    (London: Heinemann, 1967), p. 103.
  6. LAD, p. 103.
  7. Cf. Freud,
    The Future of an Illusion
    , 1927 (New York: Anchor Books edition, 1964), p. 32.
  8. Freud,
    Beyond the Pleasure Principle
    , 1920 (New York: Bantam Books edition, 1959), p. 61.
  9. Ibid.
    , p. 66.
  10. C. Rank’s penetrating remarks on Freud’s theoretical problems, WT, p. 115; and see Brown’s discussion, LAD, pp. 97 ff.
  11. See
    Beyond the Pleasure Principle
    , pp. 93, 105, 106 note; and LAD, pp. 99-100.
  12. LAD, pp. 101 ff.
  13. WT, p. 130.
  14. Cf. LAD, p. 109.
  15. WT, p. 116.
  16. Ibid.
    , pp. 121-122, my emphasis.
  17. Ibid.
    , p. 115.
  18. See ME, p. 38.
  19. Levin, “
    The Fiction of the Death Instinct
    ,” pp. 277-278.
  20. E. Jones,
    The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud
    , abridged edition (Doubleday Anchor, 1963) ,p. 198.
  21. Ibid.
    , p. 354.
  22. Ibid.
    , p. 194.
  23. Ibid.
    , p. 197.
  24. Ibid.
    , p. 194 note.
  25. Ibid.
    , p. 197 note.
  26. Jones,
    Freud
    , abridged edition, p. 354.
  27. Quoted in Zilboorg,
    Psychoanalysis and Religion
    (London: Allen and Unwin, 1967), p. 233.
  28. Ibid.
    , pp. 232-234,
    passim
    .
  29. Ibid.
    , p. 234.
  30. Quoted in Roazen,
    Brother Animal, The Story of Freud and Tausk
    (London: Allen Lane the Penguin Press, 1969), p. 172 note.
  31. C. G. Jung,
    Memories
    , p. 156.
  32. Ibid.
    , p. 157.
  33. Paul Roazen,
    Freud: Political and Social Thought
    (New York: Vintage Books, 1970), pp. 176-181.
  34. Ibid.
    , p. 176. Fromm makes a similar point,
    Freud’s Mission
    , p. 64.
  35. Ibid.
    , p. 178.
  36. Cf. Jung,
    Memories
    , p. 157.
  37. Roazen,
    Freud
    , p. 179.
  38. Jung,
    Memories
    , p. 156.
  39. Jones,
    The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud
    , 3 volume edition (New York: Basic Books, 1953), vol. 1, p. 317.
  40. Quoted in Brome,
    Freud
    , p. 98.
  41. Cf. Brome’s intelligent and probing discussion,
    Ibid.
    , p. 125.
  42. Roazen,
    Freud
    , p. 180.
  43. E. Fromm,
    The Heart of Man
    , pp 43-44.
  44. Jones,
    Freud
    , vol. 2, p. 55.
  45. Ibid.
    , pp. 145-146.
  46. Ibid.
  47. Cf. E. Becker,
    The Structure of Evil
    , p. 400; and
    Angel in Armor
    (New York: Braziller, 1969), p. 130.
  48. Jones,
    Freud
    , vol. 1, p. 8 and note “j.”
  49. Jones,
    Freud
    , abridged edition, p. 329.
  50. Jones,
    Freud
    , vol. 1, p. 317.
  51. Jung,
    Memories
    , p. 157.
  52. Jones,
    Freud
    , vol. 2, p. 420.
  53. Ibid.
    Cf. also Fromm,
    Freud’s Mission
    , p. 56.
  54. Quoted in Brome,
    Freud
    , p. 127.
  55. Quoted in Roazen,
    Brother Animal
    , p. 40.
  56. Zilboorg,
    Psychoanalysis and Religion
    , p. 226.
  57. Pp. 133-134,
    Psychoanalysis and Faith: The Letters of Sigmund Freud and Oskar Pfister
    , (New York: Basic Books, 1963).
  58. Zilboorg,
    Psychoanalysis and Religion
    , p. 242.
  59. Ibid.
    , p. 255. See also Puner’s excellent analysis of this rigidity:
    Freud
    , pp. 255-256,
    passim
    .
  60. Jung,
    Memories
    , pp. 152-153.
  61. Ibid.
    , p. 154.

Chapter Seven

  1. Camus,
    The Fall
    (New York: Knopf, 1957), p. 133.
  2. Levi,
    Of Fear and Freedom
    (New York: Farrar-Strauss, 1950), p. 135.
  3. See Olden, “
    About the Fascinating Effect of the Narcissistic Personality
    ,”
    American Imago
    , 1941, 2:347-355.
  4. Jung,
    Two Essays on Analytical Psychology
    (Cleveland: Meridian Books, 1956).
  5. Vancouver Sun
    , 8/31/70, “
    From Champion Majorette to Frank Sinatra Date
    ,” by Jurgen Hesse.
  6. Freud,
    A General Introduction to Psychoanalysis
    , 1920 (New York: Garden City edition, 1943), p. 384.
  7. See Benjamin Wolstein’s excellent critical study:
    Transference: Its Meaning and Function in Psychoanalytic Therapy
    (New York: Grune and Stratton, 1954).
  8. Freud,
    A General Introduction
    , pp. 387-388.
  9. S. Ferenczi, “
    Introjection and Transference
    ,” Chapter 2 in
    Contributions to Psychoanalysis
    (London: Phillips, 1916); and compare Herbert Spiegel, “
    Hypnosis and Transference, a Theoretical Formulation
    ,”
    Archives of General Psychiatry
    , 1959, 1:634-639.
  10. Ferenczi, “
    Introjection and Transference
    ,” p. 59.
  11. Ibid.
    , p. 61.
  12. Ibid.
    , pp. 72, 78, 79; in italics in the original.
  13. Ibid.
    , p. 68.
  14. Freud,
    Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego
    , 1921 (New York: Bantam Books edition, 1965), p. 68. Cf. also T. W. Adorno’s important appreciation of this reorientation: “
    Freudian Theory and the Pattern of Fascist Propaganda
    ,”
    Psychoanalysis and the Social Sciences
    , 1951, p. 281, footnote.
  15. Freud,
    ibid.
    , p. 60.
  16. Otto Fenichel, “Psychoanalytic Remarks on Fromm’s Book,
    Escape From Freedom
    ,”
    Psychoanalytic Review
    , 1944, 31:133-134.
  17. Freud,
    Group Psychology
    , p. 16.
  18. Ibid.
    , p. 9.
  19. Fromm,
    Heart of Man
    , p. 107.
  20. Fritz Redl, “
    Group Emotion and Leadership
    ,”
    Psychiatry
    , 1942, 573-596.
  21. Ibid.
    , p. 594.
  22. W. R. Bion, “
    Group Dynamics—A Re-view
    ,” in Melanie Klein, ed.,
    New Directions in Psychoanalysis
    (New York: Basic Books, 1957), pp. 440-447.
  23. Ibid.
    , esp. pp. 467-468. Bion also develops his argument along the lines of Redl earlier—that there are different types of groups and thus different “uses” of leaders.
  24. Paul Schilder, in M. Gill and M. Brenman,
    Hypnosis and Related States
    (New York: Science Editions, 1959), p. 159.
  25. Canetti,
    Crowds and Power
    , p. 332.
  26. Wolstein,
    Transference
    , p. 154.
  27. Freud, “
    The Dynamics of the Transference
    ,” 1912,
    Collected Papers
    , vol. 2, p. 319; cf. also
    A General Introduction
    , p. 387.
  28. Freud, “
    The Dynamics of the Transference
    ,” p. 315.
  29. Freud,
    The Future of an Illusion
    , 1928 (New York: Doubleday Anchor edition, 1964), p. 35; see the whole of Chapter III.
  30. Heinz and Rowena Ansbacher, eds.,
    The Individual Psychology of Alfred Adler
    (New York: Basic Books, 1956), pp. 342-343.
  31. W. V. Silverberg, “
    The Concept of Transference
    ,”
    Psychoanalytic Quarterly
    , 1948, 17:319, 321.
  32. Fromm,
    Beyond the Chains of Illusion: My Encounter with Marx and Freud
    (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1962), p. 52.
  33. C. G. Jung,
    The Psychology of the Transference
    (Princeton: Bollingen Books, 1969), p. 156.
  34. Roy Waldman,
    Humanistic Psychiatry: From Oppression to Choice
    (New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1971), p. 84.
  35. Jung,
    Transference
    , p. xii.
  36. T. S. Szasz,
    Pain and Pleasure: A Study of Bodily Feelings
    (London: Tavistock, 1957), pp. 98 ff.
  37. Jung,
    Transference
    , p. 156.
  38. ME, p. 178; WT, p. 82.
  39. BP, pp. 130, 136.
  40. WT, p. 82.
  41. A. Angyal,
    Neurosis and Treatment: A Holistic Theory
    (New York: Wiley, 1965), pp. 120-21.
  42. Cf. WT, pp. 82 ff.
  43. Freud,
    An Autobiographical Study
    (London: Hogarth, 1946); cf. also
    A General Introduction
    , p. 387.
  44. Ferenczi, “
    Introjection and Transference
    ,” pp. 38, 44.
  45. Cf. Searles, “
    Schizophrenia and the Inevitability of Death
    ,” p. 638; also Helm Stierlin, “
    The Adaptation to the ‘Stronger’ Person’s Reality
    ,”
    Psychiatry
    , 1958, 21:141-147.
  46. E. Becker,
    The Structure of Evil
    , p. 192.
  47. Cf. AA, p. 407.
  48. Harrington,
    The Immortalist
    , p. 101.
  49. AA, p. 411.
  50. Harrington’s marvelous phrase,
    The Immortalist
    , p. 46.
  51. Freud,
    Group Psychology
    , pp. 37-38.
  52. On all this cf. Harold Orlansky’s excellent reportage, “
    Reactions to the Death of President Roosevelt
    ,”
    The Journal of Social Psychology
    , 1947, 26:235-266; also D. De Grazia, “
    A Note on the Psychological Position of the Chief Executive
    ,”
    Psychiatry
    , 1945, 8:267-272.
  53. Cf. Becker,
    The Structure of Evil
    , p. 328.
  54. Ibid.
  55. WT, pp. 74, 155; BP, p. 195; AA, p. 86; ME, p. 142.
  56. AA, pp. 370, 376.
  57. Cf. PS, pp. 142, 148; BP, pp. 194-195.
  58. AA, p. 42.
  59. BP, p. 198.
  60. ME, pp. 232-234.
  61. BP, p. 168.
  62. Jung,
    Transference
    , pp. 71-72.
  63. Melville,
    Moby Dick
    , 1851 (New York: Pocket Library edition, 1955), pp. 361-362.
  64. See my discussion of this in
    Structure of Evil
    , p. 261.
  65. Ferenczi, “
    Introjection and Transference
    ,” p. 47.
  66. See also J. A. M. Meerloo and Marie L. Coleman, “
    The Transference Function: A Study of Normal and Pathological Transference
    ,”
    The Psychoanalytic Review
    , 1951, 38:205-221-an essay loaded with important revisions of traditional views; and T. S. Szasz’s important critique, “
    The Concept of Transference
    ,”
    International Journal of Psychoanalysis
    , 1963, 44:432-443.

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