The Dover Anthology of American Literature Volume II (36 page)

In the lower half—here that buried consciousness woke to keen distress—they kept quite another assortment of ideas. Here, even in this clean-minded husband of hers, was the memory of stories told at men's dinners, of worse ones overheard in street or car, of base traditions, coarse epithets, gross experiences—known, though not shared.

And all these in the department “woman,” while in the rest of the mind—here was new knowledge indeed.

The world opened before her. Not the world she had been reared in—where Home had covered all the map, almost, and the rest had been “foreign,” or “unexplored country,” but the world as it was—man's world, as made, lived in, and seen, by men.

It was dizzying. To see the houses that fled so fast across the car window, in terms of builders' bills, or of some technical insight into materials and methods; to see a passing village with lamentable knowledge of who “owned it” and of how its Boss was rapidly aspiring in state power, or of how that kind of paving was a failure;
to
see shops, not as mere exhibitions of desirable objects, but as business ventures, many mere sinking ships, some promising a profitable voyage—this new world bewildered her.

She—as Gerald—had already forgotten about that bill, over which she—as Mollie—was still crying at home. Gerald was “talking business” with this man, “talking politics” with that, and now sympathizing with the carefully withheld troubles of a neighbor.

Mollie had always sympathized with the neighbor's wife before.

She began to struggle violently with this large dominant masculine consciousness. She remembered with sudden clearness things she had read, lectures she had heard, and resented with increasing intensity this serene masculine preoccupation with the male point of view.

Mr. Miles, the little fussy man who lived on the other side of the street, was talking now. He had a large complacent wife; Mollie had never liked her much, but had always thought him rather nice—he was so punctilious in small courtesies.

And here he was talking to Gerald—such talk!

“Had to come in here,” he said. “Gave my seat to a dame who was bound to have it. There's nothing they won't get when they make up their minds to it—eh?”

“No fear!” said the big man in the next seat. “They haven't much mind to make up, you know—and if they do, they'll change it.”

“The real danger,” began the Rev. Alfred Smythe, the new Episcopal clergyman, a thin, nervous, tall man with a face several centuries behind the times, “is that they will overstep the limits of their God-appointed sphere.”

“Their natural limits ought to hold 'em, I think,” said cheerful Dr. Jones. “You can't get around physiology, I tell you.”

“I've never seen any limits, myself, not to what they want, anyhow,” said Mr. Miles. “Merely a rich husband and a fine house and no end of bonnets and dresses, and the latest thing in motors, and a few diamonds—and so on. Keeps us pretty busy.”

There was a tired gray man across the aisle. He had a very nice wife, always beautifully dressed, and three unmarried daughters, also beautifully dressed—Mollie knew them. She knew he worked hard, too, and she looked at him now a little anxiously.

But he smiled cheerfully.

“Do you good, Miles,” he said. “What else would a man work for? A good woman is about the best thing on earth.”

“
And a bad one's the worst, that's sure,” responded Miles.

“She's a pretty weak sister, viewed professionally,” Dr. Jones averred with solemnity, and the Rev. Alfred Smythe added, “She brought evil into the world.”

Gerald Mathewson sat up straight. Something was stirring in him which he did not recognize—yet could not resist.

“Seems to me we all talk like Noah,” he suggested drily. “Or the ancient Hindu scriptures. Women have their limitations, but so do we, God knows. Haven't we known girls in school and college just as smart as we were?”

“They cannot play our games,” coldly replied the clergyman.

Gerald measured his meager proportions with a practiced eye.

“I never was particularly good at football myself,” he modestly admitted, “but I've known women who could outlast a man in all-round endurance. Besides—life isn't spent in athletics!”

This was sadly true. They all looked down the aisle where a heavy ill-dressed man with a bad complexion sat alone. He had held the top of the columns once, with headlines and photographs. Now he earned less than any of them.

“It's time we woke up,” pursued Gerald, still inwardly urged to unfamiliar speech. “Women are pretty much
people
, seems to me. I know they dress like fools—but who's to blame for that? We invent all those idiotic hats of theirs, and design their crazy fashions, and, what's more, if a woman is courageous enough to wear common-sense clothes—and shoes—which of us wants to dance with her?

“Yes, we blame them for grafting on us, but are we willing to let our wives work? We are not. It hurts our pride, that's all. We are always criticizing them for making mercenary marriages, but what do we call a girl who marries a chump with no money? Just a poor fool, that's all. And they know it.

“As for Mother Eve—I wasn't there and can't deny the story, but I will say this. If she brought evil into the world, we men have had the lion's share of keeping it going ever since—how about that?”

They drew into the city, and all day long in his business, Gerald was vaguely conscious of new views, strange feelings, and the submerged Mollie learned and learned.

S
OURCE:
Charlotte Perkins Gilman. “If I Were a Man,” originally published:
Physical Culture
magazine, July 1914.

PAUL
LAURENCE DUNBAR

Paul Laurence Dunbar (1872–1906) grew up in Dayton, Ohio. His parents had been born into slavery and moved North after the Civil War, in which his father had served as a soldier in the Union Army. The only African-American in his high school, Dunbar was a wonder, publishing poetry and newspaper articles in his teens. In his twenties, he placed some of his celebrated, neatly crafted stories in national magazines, later collected in
The Heart of Happy Hollow.

Sympathy
(1896)

    
I know what the caged bird feels, alas!

        
When the sun is bright on the upland slopes;

    
When the wind stirs soft through the springing grass,

    
And the river flows like a stream of glass;

        
When the first bird sings and the first bud opes,

    
And the faint perfume from its chalice steals—

    
I know what the caged bird feels!

    
I know why the caged bird beats his wing

        
Till its blood is red on the cruel bars;

    
For he must fly back to his perch and cling

    
When he fain would be on the bough a-swing;

        
And a pain still throbs in the old, old scars

    
And they pulse again with a keener sting—

    
I know why he beats his wing!

    
I know why the caged bird sings, ah me,

        
When his wing is bruised and his bosom sore,—

    
When he beats his bars and he would be free;

    
It is not a carol of joy or glee,

        
But
a prayer that he sends from his heart's deep core,

    
But a plea, that upward to Heaven he flings—

    
I know why the caged bird sings!

S
OURCE:
Paul Laurence Dunbar.
Lyrics of the Hearthside.
New York: Dodd, Mead and Company, 1913.

We
Wear the Mask
(1896)

                    
We wear the mask that grins and lies,

                    
It hides our cheeks and shades our eyes,—

                    
This debt we pay to human guile;

                    
With torn and bleeding hearts we smile,

                    
And mouth with myriad subtleties.

                    
Why should the world be over-wise,

                    
In counting all our tears and sighs?

                    
Nay, let them only see us, while

                        
We wear the mask.

                    
We smile, but, O great Christ, our cries

                    
To thee from tortured souls arise.

                    
We sing, but oh the clay is vile

                    
Beneath our feet, and long the mile;

                    
But let the world dream otherwise,

                        
We wear the mask!

S
OURCE:
Paul Laurence Dunbar.
Lyrics of Lowly Life
. New York: Young People's Ministry Movement of the United States and Canada. 1896.

The
Scapegoat
(1904)

1.

The law is usually supposed to be a stern mistress, not to be lightly wooed, and yielding only to the most ardent pursuit. But even law, like love, sits more easily on some natures than on others.

This was the case with Mr. Robinson Asbury. Mr. Asbury had started life as a bootblack in the growing town of Cadgers. From
this
he had risen one step and become porter and messenger in a barbershop. This rise fired his ambition, and he was not content until he had learned to use the shears and the razor and had a chair of his own. From this, in a man of Robinson's temperament, it was only a step to a shop of his own, and he placed it where it would do the most good.

Fully one-half of the population of Cadgers was composed of Negroes, and with their usual tendency to colonize, a tendency encouraged, and in fact compelled, by circumstances, they had gathered into one part of the town. Here in alleys, and streets as dirty and hardly wider, they thronged like ants.

It was in this place that Mr. Asbury set up his shop, and he won the hearts of his prospective customers by putting up the significant sign, “Equal Rights Barber-Shop.” This legend was quite unnecessary, because there was only one race about, to patronize the place. But it was a delicate sop to the people's vanity, and it served its purpose.

Asbury came to be known as a clever fellow, and his business grew. The shop really became a sort of club, and, on Saturday nights especially, was the gathering-place of the men of the whole Negro quarter. He kept the illustrated and race journals there, and those who cared neither to talk nor listen to someone else might see pictured the doings of high society in very short skirts or read in the Negro papers how Miss Boston had entertained Miss Blueford to tea on such and such an afternoon. Also, he kept the policy returns, which was wise, if not moral.

It was his wisdom rather more than his morality that made the party managers after a while cast their glances toward him as a man who might be useful to their interests. It would be well to have a man—a shrewd, powerful man—down in that part of the town who could carry his people's vote in his vest pocket, and who at any time its delivery might be needed, could hand it over without hesitation. Asbury seemed that man, and they settled upon him. They gave him money, and they gave him power and patronage. He took it all silently and he carried out his bargain faithfully. His hands and his lips alike closed tightly when there was anything within them. It was not long before he found himself the big Negro of the district and, of necessity, of the town. The time came when, at a critical moment, the managers saw that they had not reckoned without their host in choosing this barber of the black district as the leader of his people.

Now,
so much success must have satisfied any other man. But in many ways Mr. Asbury was unique. For a long time he himself had done very little shaving—except of notes, to keep his hand in. His time had been otherwise employed. In the evening hours he had been wooing the coquettish Dame Law, and, wonderful to say, she had yielded easily to his advances.

It was against the advice of his friends that he asked for admission to the bar. They felt that he could do more good in the place where he was.

“You see, Robinson,” said old Judge Davis, “it's just like this: If you're not admitted, it'll hurt you with the people; if you are admitted, you'll move uptown to an office and get out of touch with them.”

Asbury smiled an inscrutable smile. Then he whispered something into the judge's ear that made the old man wrinkle from his neck up with appreciative smiles.

“Asbury,” he said, “you are—you are—well, you ought to be white, that's all. When we find a black man like you we send him to State's prison. If you were white, you'd go to the Senate.”

The Negro laughed confidently.

He was admitted to the bar soon after, whether by merit or by connivance is not to be told.

“Now he will move uptown,” said the black community. “Well, that's the way with a colored man when he gets a start.”

But they did not know Robinson Asbury yet. He was a man of surprises, and they were destined to disappointment. He did not move uptown. He built an office in a small open space next his shop, and there hung out his shingle.