The Dynamite Club: How a Bombing in Fin-de-Siecle Paris Ignited the Age of Modern Terror (35 page)

[>]
"Trial of the Thirty": Préposiet,
Histoire,
p. 400; Manevy,
Sous le plis,
p. 75; E. V. Zenker,
Anarchism: A Criticism and History of the Anarchist Theory
(New York, 1897), pp. 320–23; Varennes,
De Ravachol,
pp. 286–349.

[>]
Deibler's "accessories":
Le Journal,
May 22, 1894. In any case, the "scoundrelly laws" remained in place for decades; the third one, that of July 1894, remained on the books until 1992.
Marie-François Goron: Marie-François Goron,
Les mémoires de Goron, ancient chef de la Sûreté
(Paris, 1897–98), pp. 7–8, 12–16.
pilgrimage to the auberge: Ba 1115, police reports, Feb. 12 and May 16, 1896; May 31, 1897; and May 31, 1898;
La Renaissance,
May 20 and 23, 1896;
Foureur,
May 5, 1901;
Liberté,
May 26, 1896; prefect of police, May 21, 23, 25, and n.d., and Int., May 20, 1896; police reports, May 9, 18, 22, 26, and 29, 1896; May 21, 23, 25, 26, and 27, 1901; May 14, 1902, and telegram, Mar. 5, 1905, indicating that about two hundred anarchists showed up at the auberge;
La Petite République,
May 26, 1896;
L'Événement,
May 25, 1896;
Les Temps Nouveaux,
May 31, 1901.

[>]
"ridiculous deprivations": Maitron,
Histoire,
1, p. 367.
As for Jules: Zévaès, "Sous le signe,"
Vendémiaire,
Dec. 30, 1935 and Jan. 6, 1937.

[>]
toward syndicalism: Sonn,
Anarchism and Cultural Politics,
p. 25; Guérin,
Anarchism,
p. 78; Jean-Marie Mayeur and Madeleine Rebérioux,
The Third Republic, from Its Origins to the Great War, 1871–1914
(New York, 1987), p. 144; Joll,
The Anarchists,
pp. 180–81, 187; Woodcock,
Anarchism,
pp. 321–22.

[>]
a character much like Émile: Zola,
Paris,
p. 466.
In London, the anarchists: Ba 1509; Oliver,
The International,
pp. 104–5, 141; Ba 1509.

[>]
the number of militant anarchists:
Le Matin,
Mar. 5, 1894. The number fell from about 10, 000 to 8, 000, and in Paris from about 2, 800 to 2, 300, still a considerable number, along with 1, 500 to 2, 000 in Lyon and its region, and about 1, 000 in Marseille. F713053, Moreau, commissaire special, "L'anarchisme en France," 1897.
Bonnot's band terrorized: Maitron,
Histoire du mouvement,
I, pp. 396–406; Joll, "Singing, Dancing, and Dynamite."
Elsewhere anarchism continued: Jensen, "The International Campaign," pp. 18–21; Joll,
The Anarchists,
pp. 207–23.

[>]
In the United States, anarchist attacks: Jensen, "The International Campaign," pp. 23–24.

[>]
"They have shown how": Joll,
The Anarchists,
pp. 158 and 163.
"there weren't any": F713053, Moreau, commissaire spécial, "L'anarchisme en France," 1897.
"a great bandit":
L'Intransigeant,
Apr. 29, 1894.

[>]
"cowardly" and ignorant: Maitron,
Histoire du mouvement,
p. 222, n. 5 (quoting R. Gressent,
L'Humanité Nouvelle,
1, 1, Paris 1897, p. 631), from lean Grave,
Le mouvement libertaire sous la Troisième République
(Paris, 1930), p. 139.
"In contrast to Vaillant": Malato, "Some Anarchist Portraits," p. 331.
"I love all people": Henry,
Coup pour coup,
p. 184.
a nineteenth-century Hamlet: Marius Boisson,
Les attentats anarchistes sous la Troisième République
(Paris, 1931), pp. 158–59, n. 1. Another interpretation, one shared by Fortuné, was that Émile's acts constituted an "indirect suicide" because he never recovered from having fallen in love with Élisa Gauthey (R. Gressent,
L'Humanité Nouvelle,
first year, Paris 1897, t. I, vol. 1, p. 631). Yet Émile struggled to get away after the Café Terminus bombing, in order to kill again.
"a pacified capital": Bernard,
Les deux Paris,
p. 240.

Archives Nationales
BB24 853
F712504, 12506–09, 12518, 12830–32, 12835, 13053
14 AS 25, 14 AS 136

Archives de la Préfecture de Police
Ba 66, 75–79, 103, 140–42, 303, 508–10, 894, 1085, 1115, 1132, 1170, 1215, 1237, 1289, 1500, 1502–04, 1507–09

Archives Départementales de la Loire
1M 528, 529, 533,
4M 153, 173, 569, 582
(4)U 299

National Archives of Great Britain
HO 45/10254/X36450
HO 144/587/B2840C
HO 144/545/A55176

L'Endehors, La Révolte, La Petite République, L'Éclair, Le 19e Siècle, La Libre Parole, Le Figaro, L'Intransigeant, Le Matin, La Patrie, Le Gaulois, Débats, Le Rappel, Le Temps, La Cocarde, Le Jour, Le Petit Journal, Le Gil Blas, L'Écho de Paris, L'Événement, Le Soleil, Paris, Gazette des Tribunaux, Le Petit Temps, Justice, Le Journal, La Renaissance

Adamic, Louis.
Dynamite: The Story of Class Violence in America.
New York, 1931.

Almanach du Père Peinard, 1894–1896–1897–1898–1899.
Paris, 1984. Preface by Pierre Drachline.

Andrieux, Louis.
Souvenirs d'un préfet de police.
Paris, 1885.

Arasse, Daniel.
The Guillotine and the Terror.
London, 1989.

Association de la Presse Judiciaire.
The Paris Law Courts: Sketches of Men and Manners.
Translated by Gerald P. Moriarty. New York, 1894.

Avrich, Paul.
Anarchist Portraits.
Princeton, 1988.

Baedeker, Karl.
Paris and Environs, with Route from London to Paris,
Paris, 1896.

Bantman, Constance. "French Anarchist Exiles in London Before 1914." Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Paris, 2007.

Bataille, Albert.
Causes criminelles et mondaines de 1894: Les procès anarchistes.
Paris, 1895.

Benjamin, Walter. "Paris: Capita! of the Nineteenth Century," in
Reflections: Essays, Aphorisms, Autobiographical Writings,
ed. Peter Demetz. New York, 1978.

Bérard, Alexandre.
Sur l'anarchie.
Lyon, 1897.

Berlanstein, Lenard R.
The Working People of Paris, 1871–1914.
Baltimore, 1984.

Bernard, Jean-Pierre A.
Les deux Paris: Les représentations de Paris dans le seconde moitié du XIXe siècle.
Champ Vallon, 2001.

Bertrand, Louis.
Histoire de la démocratie et du socialisme en Belgique depuis 1830.
Vol. 2. Brussels, 1907.

Besant, Walter.
London North of the Thames.
London, 1911.

Blond, Georges.
Grande armée du drapeau noir.
Paris, 1972.

Boisson, Marius.
Les attentats anarchistes sous la Troisième République.
Paris, 1931.

Bongar, Bruce, Lisa M. Brown, Larry E. Beutler, James N. Breckenridge, and Philip G. Zimbardo, eds.
Psychology of Terrorism.
New York, 2007.

Bookchin, Murray.
The Spanish Anarchists: The Heroic Years, 1868–1936.
San Francisco, 1998.

Bouchardon, Pierre.
Ravachol et compagnie.
Paris, 1931.

Boussinot, Roger.
Les mots de l'anarchie.
Paris, 1982.

Brunet, Jean-Paul.
Saint-Denis, la ville rouge, 1890–1939.
Paris, 1980.

Bunyan, Tony.
The History and Practice of the Political Police in Britain.
London, 1976.

Carr, Reg.
Anarchism in France: The Case of Octave Mirbeau.
Montreal, 1977.

Chesterton, G. K.
The Man Who Was Thursday:
A
Nightmare.
New York, 1975 (1908).

Chevalier, Louis.
Montmartre: Du plaisir et du crime.
Paris, 1980.

Clark, T. J.
The Painting of Modem Life: Paris in the Art of Manet and His Followers.
New York, 1984.

Cobb, Richard.
The Police and the People: French Popular Protest, 1789–1820.
New York, 1972.

Collyer, Michael. "Secret Agents: Anarchists, Islamists, and Responses to Politically Active Refugees in London,"
Ethnic and Racial Studies,
28, 2 (March 2005), 278–303.

Conrad, Joseph.
The Secret Agent.
New York, 1998 (1907).

Coutry, Jean-Pierre.
Endehors.
Paris, 1974.

David, Hugh.
The Fitzrovians: A Portrait of Bohemian Society, 1900–1955.
London, 1988.

Delacour, Albert.
Les lettres de noblesse de l'anarchie.
Paris, 1899.

Destrée, Jules, and Émile Vandervelde.
Le socialisme en Belgique.
Brussels, 1903.

DiPaola, Pietro. "Italian Anarchists in London (1870–1914)." Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Goldsmiths College, University of London, 2004.

———. "The Spies Who Came in from the Heat: The International Surveillance of the Anarchists in London,"
European History Quarterly,
37 (2), 189–215.

Dostoyevsky, Fyodor.
Crime and Punishment.
New York, 2003 (1866).

Dubois, Félix.
Le péril anarchiste.
Paris, 1894.

Dumas, René.
Ravachol: L'homme rouge de l'anarchie.
Saint-Étienne, 1981.

Eisenwein, George. "Sources of Anarchist Terrorism in Late-Nineteenth-Century Spain." Unpublished paper.

Eisenzweig, Uri.
Fictions de l'anarchisme.
Paris, 2001.

Evenson, Norma.
Paris: A Century of Change, 1878–1978.
New Haven, 1979.

Fabreguettes, M. P.
De la complicité intellectuelle et des délits d'opinion: De la provocation et de l'apologie criminelle de la propaganda anarchiste.
Paris, 1894–95.

Faure, Sébastien, L. Barbedette, Victor Méric, and Voline.
La véritable révolution sociale.
Limoges, 1933.

Fitzgerald, Edward Peter. "Émile Pouget, the Anarchist Movement, and the Origins of Revolutionary Trade-Unionism in France (1880–1901). Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Yale University, 1973.

Fleming, Marie.
The Anarchist Way to Socialism: Elisée Reclus and Nineteenth-Century European Anarchism.
Totowa, New Jersey, 1979.

———. "Propaganda by the Deed: Terrorism and Anarchist Theory in Late-Nineteenth-Century Europe," in
Terrorism in Europe,
ed. Yonah Alexander and Kenneth A. Myers. New York, 1982.

Gage, Beverly.
The Day Wall Street Exploded: A Story of America.
New York, 2009.

Garçon, Maurice.
Histoire de la justice sous la Ille République.
Vol. 1. Paris, 1957.

Garraud, R.
L'anarchie et la repression.
Paris, 1895.

Gerould, Daniel.
Guillotine: Its Legend and Lore.
New York, 1992.

Goron, Marie-François.
Les mémoires de Goron, ancien chef de la Sûreté,
Paris, 1897–98.

Grave, Jean.
Le mouvement libertaire sous la Troisième République: Souvenirs d'un révolté.
Paris, 1930.

———.
Quarante ans de propagande anarchiste.
Paris, 1973.

———.
La société mourante et l'anarchie.
Paris, 1893.

Green, James.
Death in the Haymarket: A Story of Chicago, the First Labor Movement, and the Bombing That Divided Gilded-Age America.
New York, 2006.

Grison, Georges.
Souvenirs de la place de la Roquette.
Paris, 1883.

Guérin, Daniel.
Anarchism: From Theory to Practice.
New York, 1970.

Guérin, Daniel, ed.
No Gods, No Masters.
Oakland, 2005.

Halperin, Joan.
Félix Fénéon, Aesthete and Anarchist in Fin-de-Siècle Paris.
New Haven, 1988.

Hamon, Augustin.
Psychologie de l'anarchiste-socialiste,
Paris, 1895.

———.
Socialisme et anarchisme: Études sociologiques, définitions.
Paris, 1905.

Harmel, Claude.
Histoire de l'anarchie: Des origines à 1880.
Paris, 1984.

Harvey, David.
Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and the Theory of Capitalist Urbanization.
Baltimore, 1985.

(Henry, Émile.)
Coup pour coup.
Paris, 1977.

Henry, Émile.
Déclaration.
Paris, 1894.

Henry, Fortuné.
Les chants de l'enfance.
Paris, 1881.

Herbert, Eugenia.
The Artist and Social Reform: France and Belgium, 1885–1898.
New Haven, 1980 (1961).

———. "Les artistes et l'anarchisme,"
Mouvement Social,
36, July-September 1961.

Herbert, Robert L.
Impressionism: Art, Leisure, and Parisian Society.
New Haven, 1988.

Higonnet, Patrice.
Paris: Capital of the World.
Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2002.

Hobsbawm, E. J. "Political Violence and Political Murder," in
Social Protest, Violence, and Terror,
ed. Wolfgang Mommsen and Gerhard Hirschfeld. New York, 1982.

———.
Primitive Rebels: Studies in Archaic Forms of Social Movements in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries.
New York, 1959.

Horowitz, Irving L.
The Anarchists.
New York, 1964.

Iviansky, Ze'ev. "Individual Terror,"
Journal of Contemporary History,
12 (1977), 43–63.

Jacquement, Gérard. "Belleville ouvrièr à la belle époque,"
Le Mouvement Social,
118 (January 1982), 61–77.

Jaeger, Gérard A.
Anatole Deibler, carnets d'exécutions (1885–1939).
Paris, 2004.

———.
Anatole Deibler (1863–1939): L'homme qui a trancha 400 têtes.
Paris, 2001.

Jensen, Richard Bach. "Daggers, Rifles, and Dynamite: Anarchist Terrorism in Nineteenth-Century Europe,"
Terrorism and Political Violence,
16, 1 (Spring 2004), 116–53.

———. "The International Campaign Against Anarchist Terrorism, 1880–1914/193OS." Unpublished paper, 2007.

Joanne, Paul.
Paris.
Paris, 1889.

———.
Paris-Diamant.
Paris, 1894.

Joll, James.
The Anarchists.
London, 1979.

———. "Singing, Dancing, and Dynamite,"
Times Literary Supplement,
Sept. 10, 1976.