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Authors: Joel Fuhrman

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BOOK: The End of Diabetes
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15.
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Chapter 8: The Nutritarian Diet in Action

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13.
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12
. JAMA 2009; 302(19): 2119–26. Charles D, Ness AR, Campbell D, et al. Taking folate in pregnancy and risk of maternal breast cancer. BMJ 2004; 329: 1375–6. Fife J, Raniga S, Hider PN, Frizelle FA. Folic acid supplementation and colorectal cancer risk; a meta-analysis. Colorectal Dis 2011; 13(2): 132–7. Stolzenberg-Solomon RZ, Chang S, Leitzmann MF, et al. Folate intake, alcohol use, and postmenopausal breast cancer risk in the prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian cancer screening trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 83(4): 895–904. Yi K. Does a high folate intake increase the risk of breast cancer? Nutr Rev 2006; 64(10PT1): 468–75. Cole B, Baron J, Sandler R, et al. Folic acid for the prevention of colorectal adenomas. JAMA 2007; 297(21): 2351–9. Smith AD, Kim Y, et al. Is folic acid good for everyone? Am J Clin Nutr 2008; 87(3): 517. Kim Y. Role of folate in colon cancer development and progression. J Nutr 2003 133(11 Supp1): 3731S–3739S. Guelpen BV, Hultdin J, Johansson I, et al. Low folate levels may protect against colorectal cancer. Gut 2006; 55: 1461–6.

14.
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New York Times,
Jan 19, 1996. Omenn GS, Goodman GE, Thornquist MD, et al. Effects of a combination of beta carotene and vitamin a on lung cancer and cardiovascular disease. New England Journal of Medicine 1996; 334(18); 1150–5. Hennekens CH, Buring JE, Manson JE, et al. Lack of effect of long-term supplementation with beta carotene on the incidence of malignant neoplasms and cardiovascular disease. New England Journal of Medicine 1996; 334(18): 1145–9. Albanes D, Heinonen OP, Taylor PR, et al. Alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplements and lung cancer incidence in the alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene cancer prevention study: effects of base-line characteristics and study compliance. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1996; 88(21): 1560–70. Rapola JM, Virtamo J, Ripatti S, et al. Randomized trial of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplements on incidence of major coronary events in men with previous myocardial infarction. Lancet 1997; 349(9067): 1715–20.

15.
Omenn GS, Goodman GE, Thornquist MD, et al. Effects of a combination of beta carotene and vitamin A on lung cancer and cardiovascular disease. New England Journal of Medicine 1996; 334(18): 1145–9.

16.
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17.
Bjelakovic G, Nikolava D, Gluud LL, et al. Antioxidant supplements for prevention of mortality in healthy participants and patients with various diseases. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008 Apr 16; (2): CD007176.

18.
Hennekens CH, Buring JE, Manson JE, et al. Lack of effect of long-term supplementation with beta carotene on the incidence of malignant neoplasms and cardiovascular disease. New England Journal of Medicine 1996; 334(18): 1145–9. Albanes D, Heinonen OP, Taylor PR, et al. Alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplements and lung cancer incidence in the alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene cancer prevention study: effects of base-line characteristics and study compliance. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 1996; 88(21): 1156–1570. Rapola JM, Viramo J, Ripatti S, et al. Randomized trial of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene supplements on incidence of major coronary events in men with previous myocardial infarction. Lancet 1997; 349(9067): 1715–20.

19.
Melhus H, Michaelson K, Kindmark A, et al. Excessive dietary intake of vitamin A is associated with reduced bone mineral density and increased risk of hip fracture. Ann Intern Med 1998; 129(10): 770–8.

20.
Bjelakovic G, Nikolava D, Gluud LL, et al. Antioxidant supplements for prevention of mortality in healthy participants and patients with various diseases. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008 Apr; 16(2): CD007176.

21.
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22.
Brewer GJ. Iron and copper toxicity in diseases of aging, particularly atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. Exp Biol Med 2007; 232(2): 323. Morris MC, et al. Dietary copper and high saturated and trans fat intakes associated with cognitive decline. Archives of Neurology 2006; 63: 1085–8.

23.
Vinceti M, Wei ET, Malagoli C, et al. Adverse health effects of selenium in humans. Rev Environ Health 2001; 16(4): 233–51. Mueller AS, Mueller K, Wolf NM, Pallauf J. Selenium and diabetes: an enigma? Free Radic Res 2009; 8:1–31. Laclaustra M, Navas-Acien A, Stranges S, et al. Serum selenium concentrations and diabetes in U.S. adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2004. Environ Health Perspect 2009; 117(9): 1409–13. Navas-Acien A, Bleys J, Guallar E. Selenium intake and cardiovascular risk: what is new? Curr Opin Lipidol 2008; 19(1): 43–9. Stranges S, Laclaustra M, Ji C, et al. Higher selenium status is associated with adverse blood lipid profile in British adults. J Nutr 2010; 140(1): 81–7. Chan JM, Oh WK, Xie W, et al. Plasma selenium, manganese superoxide dismutase, and intermediate- or high-risk prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009; 27(22): 3577–83.

24.
Hunt JR. Bioavailability of iron, zinc, and other trace minerals from vegetarian diets. Am J Clin Nutr 2003; 78(suppl): 633S 639S. De Bortoli MC, Cozzolino SM. Zinc and selenium nutritional status in vegetarians. Biol Trace Elem Res 2009; 127(3): 228–33. Frassinetti S, Bronzetti G, Caltavuturo L, et al. The role of zinc in life: a review. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 2006; 25(3): 597–610.

25.
Mitri J, Muraru MD, Pittas AG. Vitamin D and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. Eur J Clin Nutr 2011 Sep; 65(9): 1005–15.

26.
Zoler ML. High vitamin D intake linked to reduced fractures. Family Practice News 2010 (November 16, 2010). http://www.familypracticenews.com/news/diabetes-endocrinology-metabolism/single-article/high-vitamin-d-intake-linked-to-reduced-fractures/61811559c684d1757cd4985ba2c57fc5.html. Bolland MJ, Avenell A, Baron JA, et al. Effect of calcium supplements on risk of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular events: meta-analysis. BMJ 2010 Jul 29; 341: c3691. Wang L, Manson JE, Sesso HD. Calcium intake and risk of cardiovascular disease: a review of prospective studies and randomized clinical trials. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2012 Apr 1; 12(2): 105–16.

27.
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28.
McEwen B, Morel-Kopp MC, Tofler G, Ward C. Effect of omega-3 fish oil on cardiovascular risk in diabetes. Diabetes Educ 2010 Jul–Aug; 36(4): 565–84. Von Schacky C. The omega-3 index as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2011 Nov; 96(1–4): 94–8.

29.
De Luis DA, Conde R, Aller R, et al. Effect of omega-3 fatty acids on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertriglyceridemia: an open study. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2009 Jan–Feb; 13(1): 51–5. Hartweg J, Farmer AJ, Holman RR, Neil A. Potential impact of omega-3 treatment on cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes. Curr Opin Lipidol 2009 Feb; 20(1): 30–8. Hartweg J, Perera R, Montori V, et al. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008 Jan 23; (1): CD003205.

30.
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31.
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32.
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33.
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34.
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1
) in diabetic complications. Curr Diabetes Rev 2005 Aug; 1(3): 287–98. Page GL, Laight D, Cummings MH. Thiamine deficiency in diabetes mellitus and the impact of thiamine replacement on glucose metabolism and vascular disease. Int J Clin Pract 2011 Jun; 65(6): 684–90.

BOOK: The End of Diabetes
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